Sigmund FreudPsychosexual Development

Sigmund Freud 1856- 1939 Psychoanalytic Unconscious Dream Analysis Free Association

By the end of the lesson you should be able to…

1. Describe Freud’s personality theory

2. Describe Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

3. Describe specific personality types as a result of fixation at a particular stage

Personality Theory Id

Ego

Superego

Id Instinctive aspect of the personality

Operates on the pleasure principle

Demands immediate satisfaction and doesn’t care about reality

Freud describes babies as “bundles of id”

Ego Logical aspect of the personality

It operates on the reality principle

It can make conscious and rational decisions that reflect the demands of instinct (id), morality (superego), and external reality (environment)

Superego It is the moral aspect of the personality

It develops due to the moral and ethical

restraints placed on us by our parents/caregivers

It dictates our belief of right and wrong

Healthy Personality Which aspect should be the strongest to

ensure a healthy personality? What would happen if the id is the

strongest? What will happen if the superego is the

strongest? What does the ego use to protect itself from

anxiety, which is experienced as a result of the conflict?

Superego Stronger Judgmental Saint Moral Guilty Rigid

Id Stronger Selfish

Antisocial behavior

Uncaring

Self-absorbed

Psychosexual development Our personality develops throughout our

childhood

Stage theory

Each stage is characterized by a focus on a different region of the body, where libido or sexual drive is fixated

Success Criteria What age do we pass through each stage? Where on the body is the libido focused How is pleasure gained at each stage Which personality structure is present or

develops? What may cause a fixation at the stage?

Psychosexual Development Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Oral Stage 0-1 Mouth Lips Tongue Sucking Biting

First erotogenic zone to make libidinous demands

Fixation Overindulgence

Symptoms include selfishness, dependency, compulsive talking

Frustration Symptoms include nail biting, sarcasm, thumb

sucking, greed

Anal Stage 1-3 years Membranes of rectum and anus Fecal mass inside body Release Expulsion anally explosive Control of feces anally retentive

Fixations Anal Expulsive

Symptoms giving to everyone, gardeners (sublimating their wish to smear)

Anal Retentive Miserly, thrifty, orderly, obstinate,

Phallic Stage 3-6 years Genital Organs Emotional Crisis Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex Critical Stage for moral development Identification

Fixation Caused by failure to resolve

Oedipus/Electra conflict Symptoms: Exhibitionism, recklessness,

vanity, pride, incapable of close love

Oedipus Complex Crucial stage Consolidation of gender identity

(identification) Formation of superego Mother/father fixation

Boys Wants to be like dad Fantasizes eliminating father Castration anxiety Identifies with father Formation of gender roles, super-ego, and

gender identity

Girls Karen Horney “womb envy” Penis envy Sense of inferiority Blames mother Poor resolution of Oedipal complex Poorly developed super-ego and a weaker

moral sense compared with male

Latency Stage 6-Puberty Phew! Sexual thoughts repressed-

Sublimation Child explores Focus is on social and intellectual skills

Genital Stage Puberty - Adulthood

Sexual desires renewed Individual seeks relationships with others

Personality Theory Id = libido and psychosexual stages Ego = defense mechanisms Super-ego = Oedipus complex Identification

and internalization These + defense mechanisms + external

reality = personality

Freud? What do you think? Very controversial theories even after so

many years