is useful for:
1.Recruiting • getting their attention
2.Engaging • holding their attention
Attention
Recruiting bioinformaticians
“We're hopefully going to change the way science is done,
and who it's done by”
Zoran PopovićUniversity of WashingtonFoldit, a game for protein
folding
Foldit players come from many backgrounds
Top 50 players Busn/finance/legal largest group..
Majority have no training in biochemistry
Cooper, Seth, et al. "Predicting protein structures with a multiplayer online game." Nature 466.7307 (2010): 756-760.
Teaching with games
“The use of educational games within learning environments raises motivation, increases interest in the subject matter, intensifies information retention, encourages collaboration, and improves problem-solving skills.”
Schneider, Maria Victoria, and Rafael C. Jimenez. "Teaching the fundamentals of biological data integration using classroom games." PLoS computational biology 8.12 (2012)
Quoting: Michael D, Chen S (2006) Serious games: games that educate, train and inform. Boston: Thomson Course Technology.”
Games can be used to teach
Stegman, Melanie. "Immune Attack players perform better on a test of cellular immunology and self confidence than their classmates who play a control video game." Faraday Discuss 169 (2014): 1-20.
Immune Attackhttp://ImmuneDefenseGame.com
High school students
First person shooter game
Significantly improves understanding of concepts in immunology
Educational gamesGame Purpose
The DAS game Teaching data integration in bioinformatics (in person, not online)
The Bioinformatics Game
Introducing protein sequence and structure (mobile)
4bases Introduce DNA sequencing (mobile)
MAX5 Introduction to sequence comparisons with BLAST, concepts in distributed computing. High school.
4bases (Rostlab, masters thesis)
Click the next base in time as the sequence scrolls by.
Introduces concept of DNA sequencing
Click next base
MAX5
Goal: introduce the concepts and purposes of DNA sequence comparisons (BLAST) and distributed computing to high school students
First person game set in 3-d world beset by an influenza pandemic.
http://gamestem.com/portfolio/max5-storyline-1/
Perry, Daniel, et al. "Human centered game design for bioinformatics and cyberinfrastructure learning." Proceedings of the Conference on Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Gateway to Discovery. ACM, 2013.
MAX5, TBG, 4Bases,…
Plusses
Useful introductions.
Useful for recruiting.
Minuses
Very high-level – shallow learning.
Bioinformatics education gamesGame Purpose
Foldit Protein folding
Phylo, Fraxinus Multiple Sequence Alignment
EteRNA RNA structure design
EyeWire Neuron image tracing
MalariaSpot, MOLT
Blood cell phenotyping
Dizeez Gene-disease annotation
Genes in Space Copy Number Variation detection
The Cure Biomarker selection for breast cancer survival prediction
• All examples of gamifying tasks in bioinformatics.
• None built for the purpose of education!
Genes in Space
Fly a spaceship
(oh by the way you are helping cancer research)
300,000 downloads 3 months..
Cancer UK project.
Classroom uses
The Cure story (Antoine Taly) http://tinyurl.com/talycure
Goal: understand the concept of Biomarkers
1. Watch short video
2. Play The Cure game (involves picking genes useful for predicting breast cancer survival)
3. Create custom predictive decision tree
4. Write essay about what you did
“Game”
Soccer
Chess
World of Warcraft
Halo
Super Mario Brothers
The Game of Life
Monopoly
Angry Birds
Poker
Doom
Pacman
The Sims
Spore
Civilization
Game: defining traits
McGonigal J. Reality is broken : why games make us better and how they can change the world. New York: Penguin Press; 2011.
1. A goal
2. Rules
3. Feedback system
4. Voluntary participation
Games…?
Running – no
Answering questions about programming – no
Programming – no
1. A goal
2. Rules
3. Feedback system
4. Voluntary participation
Nike+ Fuelband – yes
Stackoverflow – yes
TopCoder.com – yes
Gamification
Google: “the application of typical elements of game playing to other areas of activity…”
Gamified education.
Sort of games…
Gamified learning environment
Purpose
CACAO Teach Gene Ontology annotation. Collect new annotations. Undergraduate.
Rosalind.info Teaching bioinformatics algorithms ranging from DNA->Amino Acid translation to genome assembly
CACAO Rules
• Students form teams• In each of a series of “innings”:
1. They are presented with (or find themselves) lists of proteins
2. They look up articles about them and try to create GO annotations.
3. The team gets points for complete, correct annotations
4. At the end of the inning they can “challenge” the annotations of other teams and steal their points. (Like Scrabble!!)
Jim Hu, Texas A&M (TAMU) http://gonuts.tamu.edu/wiki/index.php/Cacao_rules
CACAO participation
Since 2010, 1000+ students
15 universities
2,800+ new, acceptable annotations
No empirical evidence that gamification helps, but anecdotally everyone likes it..
Example teams from 2013
Rosalind.info
Rosalind is a platform for learning bioinformatics and programming through problem solving.
Python Village(learn programming)
Bioinformatics Stronghold(learn algorithms)
Bioinformatics Armory(learn tools)
Textbook exercises
Use of games/gamification in bioinformatics education
Expressivity: Number and depth of learnable concepts
Fun
Benefits: recruiting, engagement
Rosalind.info
CACAO
Gamified: badges, leaderboards, levels
Lecture course: Typically no game elements
Classroom
The CureFoldit
PhyloMax5
Game: you “play it”, learning more implicit, purposes aside from education
Genes in Space
EteRNA
Holy Grail?
Cost $$
Cost $$
Future Directions
Slowly pushing towards the holy grail(s) Example: ‘Cyclo6’ will attempt to teach advanced organic chemistry – to be released on the app store this fall.
Removing boundaries that divide scientific games from each other and from other games
Genes in Space team – integration directly inside the context of “The Impossible Line” by Chilingo
Yako.io
http://yako.ioSystem for teachers to create lessons that move students through specified levels of multiple games.
Jerome Waldispuhl, McGill University, Phylo
Acknowledgements
Jerome Waldispuhl (Phylo)
Daniel Perry (MAX5)
Antoine Taly (pioneering the use of games (Foldit, Phylo, The Cure) in his courses)
Julia Winter (Cyclo6)
Jim Hu (CACAO)
Melanie Stegman http://www.sciencegamecenter.org
http://ImmuneDefenseGame.com
Funding
Andrew Su
Heroic Purpose
Biology and medicine provide a heroic purpose – not unlike the more standard purpose of saving the world from aliens.
There are great games to be made and great bioinformaticians to be discovered!
BIOINFORMATICIAN
Finding educational bioinformatics games
http://www.sciencegamecenter.org/
Lists about 95 games related to science57 are tagged with “biology”2 with “computer science”None focus on bioinformatics learning objectives.
Melanie StegmanFederation of American Scientists
Fun
Google define:fun “enjoyment, amusement, or lighthearted pleasure”
“Fun” from game design guru Raph Koster“the act of mastering a problem mentally”
“the feedback the brain gives us when we are absorbing patterns for learning purposes”
“fun is about learning in a context where there is no pressure, and that is why games matter”