Review of ICT Models to Enhance Medical Education:

Video Conferencing, Lecture Capture, Interactive Learning Environments,

Integrated Library Management Systems

Last revised 2 March 2015. Slides are posted online at http://www.slideshare.net/tag/ethio-ict-blueprint. Copyright 2015 The Regents of the University of Michigan.

Unless otherwise noted, this presentation is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>.

By: Kathleen Ludewig Omollo, Bob Riddle, Ted Hanss

We received a request from a medical school in Ethiopia for ICT options to support online and local offline collaboration at a medical school for:1. video conferencing, for real-time transmission of audio, video, files, and

screens 2. lecture capture, for capturing audio, video, slides, and drawing 3. interactive learning environments, for central storage class-related

materials, for supporting exercises such as question and answers (Q&A), physical and virtual spaces that facilitate peer to peer learning

4. integrated library management systems, such as a catalog of the physical and virtual collections, circulation details, and acquisitions

As an initial response to this request, for each of the above areas we have included:● Conceptual models● Analysis, sample software, sample hardware, and approximate cost for

each model● References

Introduction

2

1. Video Conferencing

3

Scope:

real-time transmission of audio, video, files, and screens between two or more locations

Video Conferencing: Models

4

Common models for video conferencing:1. Room Presence2. Virtual Meeting Room with Fixed Devices3. Virtual Meeting Room with Flexible Devices

(Bring Your Own Device)

Video Conferencing: Models

5

Model Summary Location

Room Presence This is the most, sophisticated high-resolution, high-fidelity equipment to connection one conference room or classroom to another over the Internet with the maximum ability to move and zoom the camera and control the mics to capture as much of the room as possible.

Fixed in a Room

Virtual Meeting Room - Fixed Devices

This uses virtual conference room software and has dedicated workstations with USB audio and visual equipment perpetually connected to the computer. The user needs to reserve the space for meetings.

May be fixed or may be a cart with wheels to move nearby

Virtual Meeting Room with Flexible Devices (Bring Your Own Device)

This uses virtual conference room software and allows the user to connect with built-in mic or camera, or a variety of USB audio and visual equipment.

Portable - Fits in a shoulder bag

Video Conferencing: Analysis

6

Model When to Use Price

Room Presence ● on-site tech help is available● room is available● high-resolution quality is critical● public IP address is required● High-bandwidth Internet via Ethernet is available● Microphones can be on table or mounted on ceiling

High Cost

Virtual Meeting Room - Fixed Devices

● Internet connectivity is available● number of local participants > 2● participant possesses required technical skills ● public IP address not available

Medium Cost

Virtual Meeting Room - Flexible Devices

● 1-1 conference● headset or usb conference phone● public IP address not available

Lowest Cost

Video Conferencing: Room Presence

7

Internet

Each side has a remote-controlled camera with zoom capabilities. Each side may have a group of people, in a conference room or a classroom or auditorium. There may be one or more microphones on the table or mounted on the ceiling.

All images are CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at the end of video conferencing section.

Package Approximate Cost Equipment Specifications

Polycom Real Presence Room

begins at $4,999 See https://wiki.umms.med.umich.edu/display/UMHSHELPDESK/AV+-+Room+Standards

Polycom HDX 4000 Series

begins $1,999 See https://wiki.umms.med.umich.edu/display/UMHSHELPDESK/AV+-+Room+Standards

8

Video Conferencing: Room Presence

Other manufacturers: Lifesize http://www.lifesize.com/, Cisco http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/conferencing/video-conferencing/index.html#~products

Video Conferencing: Virtual Room, Fixed Devices

9

Internet

Each side has dedicated equipment with a computer, a camera, and a microphone, a speaker. This may be fixed in a room or fixed to a cart that can be moved from room to room (left). Each computer uses a web-browser or local software application to connect to a virtual conference room. In a fixed room, there may be tablet on a tripod with a seating area like photo portrait studio that focuses on the person (middle) or there may be a desk that can capture both the person and their files or screen (right).

wwwwwwA

B

C

All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of video conferencing section.

Purpose Package A Equipment Package B Equipment Package C Equipment

Computer Laptop or desktop, begins at $1000

Tablet, begins at $500 Laptop or desktop, begins at $1000

Stand, Cart, or Desk

Cart on wheels, price varies by location

Tablet mount begins at $20

Desk, price varies by location

Camera Begins at $500, e.g. Canon VIXIA HF

N/A Begins at $500, e.g. Canon VIXIA HF

Camera Stand

Starts at $30, e.g. Davis & Sanford EXPLORERV Vista Explorer 60" Tripod

Microphone Begins at $25, e.g. Audio-Technica ATR-3350 Lavalier Mic

Begins at $40, e.g. Samson Go Mic Portable USB Mic

Lights N/A Neewer and LimoStudio, begins at $60

N/A

Speaker Begins at $2010

Video Conferencing: Virtual Room, Fixed Devices

Video Conferencing: Virtual Room, Flexible Devices

11

Internet

Each side can have any equipment (Bring Your Own Device) that is Internet capable, has a web browser or compatible app, has an internal or external mic, and has an internal or external camera. A virtual room may be be connected to a room presence system through a multipoint control unit (MCU).

www

www

MCU

All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of video conferencing section.

Example Products for Audio and Video Combos

Purpose Approximate Cost

Logitech ConferenceCam C3000e

High-definition camera and speakerphone, with remote

begins at $850

Logitech Conference Cam BCC950

High-definition camera and speakerphone, with remote

begins at $200

Logitech HD Pro Webcam C910 or C920

High-definition camera and speakerphone, no remote

begins at $75

12

Video Conferencing: Virtual Room, Flexible Devices

Products for Audio Only

Purpose Example Product(s)

Approximate Cost

USB or Bluetooth Headset

For times when you want to have a conference call with 1 person connecting at his or her location and need to cut out background noise

Logitech USB Headset H360/H390/H530

Begins at $25

USB Speakerphone, Single

For groups up to 8 people Clear One Chat 150 Speakerphone, MXL AC404 USB Conference Microphone

Chat 150 Begins at $300, MXL AC404 begins at $70

USB Speakerphones Interconnected Series

For larger groups (8+ people) where you may need to daisy-chain to have multiple mics

Phoenix Audio Duet Executive Speakerphone MT202-EXE or MT202-PCO, Daisy Chain Kit

$135 per speakerphone

13

Video Conferencing: Virtual Room, Flexible Devices

Video Conferencing: Virtual Rooms

14

Service Features When To Use Cost

Skype ● Chat● Voice● Video ● File transfer● Screensharing ● Audio Recording,

through plug-in

● Participants are in a low-bandwidth environment

● Open discussion with loose or no moderation

● Each point connecting has an individual with a Skype account

Free, when using 1-1 connections

Adobe Connect

● Chat● Voice● Video● File transfer● Screensharing● Full Conference

Recording● Remote Desktop ● Single Sign On

● Can be compliant with patient privacy laws (e.g. HIPAA) depending on settings.

● Can create highly structured or moderated call with more participants listening than speaking.

U-M has license, could be used for calls with U-M

Pay to use: https://service.acrobat.com/cfusion/bots/purchase/

Video Conferencing: Virtual Rooms

15

Service Features When To Use Cost

Vidyo ● Voice● Video● Screensharing● Desktop client for

Mac/Apple, Windows, Linux, Android devices

● Single Sign On

● Can do multi-participant video conferencing (up to 9 visible at any one time but more can connect via audio)

● Can connect with room presence systems

● Can be compliant with patient privacy laws including HIPAA, depending on setting

U-M has license, could be used for calls with U-M

Pay to use: http://info.vidyo.com/web-contact-sales.html

Blue Jeans

● Voice● Video● Screensharing● Hardware

appliance for room presence systems

● File transfer● Screensharing ● Audio Recording● Single Sign On

● Participants joining by different means (e.g. phone, computer, Polycom)

● Phone connection option● Can connect with room

presence systems

U-M has license, could be used for calls with U-M

Pay to use: http://bluejeans.com/

Video Conferencing: Virtual Rooms

16

Service Features When To Use Cost

Google Hangout

● Chat● Voice● Video● Screensharing● Full conference

recording (Audio, Screen, and Video)

Open discussion with loose or no moderation

Each point connecting has an individual with a Google account

Free

Fuze ● 250 Participants● 12 Video streams● Cloud content● Screen share● Unlimited VoIP● Webinar● Recording

Can create highly structured or moderated call with more participants listening than speaking.

Can do multi-participant video conferencing

Phone connection option

$40/month

From University of Michigan, Medical School Information Services● http://openmi.ch/collab-svc-guide ● https://wiki.umms.med.umich.edu/display/UMHSHELPDESK/Audio-

Visual+Professional+Services ● http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bdr/et/gocart/index.html

From University of Michigan, Information and Technology Services● http://www.itcom.itd.umich.edu/videoconferencing/ ● https://docs.google.com/a/umich.edu/spreadsheet/ccc?

key=0AmoExnJnfewGdFdKVUhnNUplUkpVN25mRl9kc2laUVE&usp=sharing

● https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ik8lEI5UdN0480wSQD_LNPb_pCN7dpyngVIffuip6Lo/edit?usp=sharing

External● http://www.slideshare.net/PaulRichards4/top-10-usb-video-conferencing-

products ● https://webconferencing-test.com/en/functional-comparisons/video-phone-

screensharing● http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2012/05/03/5-reasons-cisco-and-

polycom-are-in-trouble-in-telepresence/

Video Conferencing: References

17

All images from The Noun Project● Cloud CC BY juan llerena http://thenounproject.com/term/internet/10036/● conference room CC BY Dan Hetteix http://thenounproject.

com/term/meeting/46950/● laptop CC BY B. Agustín Amenábar Larraín http://thenounproject.

com/term/laptop/1999/● camera CC BY Wilson Joseph http://thenounproject.

com/term/watching/38042/● conference phone CC BY Dominique Fougere http://thenounproject.

com/term/meeting/33322/● public domain by XOXO http://thenounproject.com/term/crowd/23951/● ceiling mic/speaker CC BY Ben Biondo http://thenounproject.

com/term/microphone/58052/● cart CC BY jon trillana http://thenounproject.com/term/cart/6546/ ● computer CC BY Alyssa Mahlberg http://thenounproject.

com/term/desktop/3633/ ● camera CC BY Nicolas Vicent http://thenounproject.com/term/video-

camera/91191/● mic CC BY Doug Goodwin http://thenounproject.com/term/voice/27085/

18

Video Conferencing: Image attributions

All images from The Noun Project● computer tower CC BY Yamini Chandra http://thenounproject.

com/term/computer/67365/ ● speaker CC BY Paul Stevens http://thenounproject.

com/term/speaker/32562/ ● ipad Public domain Daniel Yanes Arroyo http://thenounproject.

com/term/ipad/9813/ ● phone CC BY Edward Boatman http://thenounproject.

com/term/phone/18097/ ● tripod CC BY Kari Gaynor http://thenounproject.com/term/stand/17971/ ● light CC BY Phu Tran http://thenounproject.com/term/photo-studio/72766/ ● stool Public domain Megan Strickland http://thenounproject.

com/term/bar/1481/ ● backdrop CC BY Dusan Popovic http://thenounproject.

com/term/curtain/54892 / ● desk CC BY Nathan Thomson http://thenounproject.com/term/work/10736/ ● chair CC BY Matt Brooks http://thenounproject.com/term/chair/17159/ ● camera CC BY Julieta Felix http://thenounproject.

com/term/webcam/22809/ 19

Video Conferencing: Image attributions

2. Lecture Capture

20

Scope:

capturing audio, video, slides, and drawing, which may be stored for later viewing, with or without an audience present during capture

Lecture Capture: Models

21

Common models for lecture capture:A. Podium with presenter computer and camera,

which can capture video, audio, screenB. Interactive whiteboards, which can capture

drawings stroke by strokeC. Closed circuit, for local observation, normally

in a room within the same building. D. Tablet software, which can capture screen,

stroke-by-stroke drawings, or annotate videoE. Desktop or laptop software, which can capture

video, audio, screen, and annotate videoN.B. Many of the virtual room options presented earlier may be used for lecture capture by recording of the session: Adobe Connect, BlueJeans, Google Hangouts, and Fuze.

Lecture Capture: Analysis

22

Model When to Use Location Price

Podium with presenter computer

● Large lecture hall or auditorium● on-site tech help is available● high-resolution quality is critical● Microphone, camera, and projector can be

mounted and secured● Intend to share with broad audience beyond the

classroom

Fixed High Cost

Interactive Whiteboard

● Room is small enough that everyone in the room can see the whiteboard

● The visuals on the whiteboard are the most important to capture, not slides, audio, or video

● If you don’t need to capture stroke-by-stroke from the whiteboard but only the final drawing, use a camera phone mobile doc scanner app.

Fixed High Cost

Closed Circuit ● Rooms are available● Video transmission is all within local, offline

network● This may be used for security, clinical

simulation, or standardized patients.

Fixed High Cost

Lecture Capture: Analysis

23

Model When to Use Location Price

Desktop or laptop

● Screen is the most important thing to share, with video and audio of secondary importance

● Presenter is able to record audio and video in a quiet space

Fixed with desktop or flexible with laptop

Low Cost

Tablet ● Drawing and annotation is the most important thing to share, with video, audio, and screen of secondary importance

● Individual is able to record audio and video in a quiet space

Flexible Low Cost

24

All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of lecture capture section.

Podium

Lecture Capture: ModelsInteractive

White BoardA B

25All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of lecture capture section.

Closed Circuit

Lecture Capture: Models

C

26All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of lecture capture section.

Desktop or laptop

Lecture Capture: Models

TabletD E

Lecture Capture: Comparison

27

Purpose A. Podium B. Whiteboard C. Closed Circuit

Computer Laptop or desktop, begins at $1000

N/A N/A

Camera Begins at $1000 N/A Begins at $500, e.g. Canon VIXIA HF

Microphone Begins at $100, podium mic N/A Begins at $80, hanging mic

Drawing Surface

N/A begins at $4,000, e.g. SmartBoard, Promethean interactive whiteboard

N/A

External Display

LCD Projector, at least 2,000 lumens, cost begins at $600

N/A varies based on display, begins at $200

Software e.g. MediaSite ($), Opencast Matterhorn (Free), Echo360 ($), UStream ($)

N/A e.g. SimCapture from B-Line Medical ($), ZoneMinder (Free)

Lecture Capture: Comparison

28

Purpose D. Desktop/Laptop E. Tablet

Computer Laptop or desktop, begins at $1000

N/A

Camera Begins at $500, e.g. Canon VIXIA HF

Begins at $500, e.g. Canon VIXIA HF

Microphone Begins at $25, e.g. Audio-Technica ATR-3350 Lavalier Mic

Begins at $25, e.g. Audio-Technica ATR-3350 Lavalier Mic

Drawing Surface N/A Tablet, begins at $500, with DVI/VGA/HDMI display adapter begins at $25

External Display LCD Projector, at least 2,000 lumens

LCD Projector, at least 2,000 lumens

Software e.g. Camtasia, Jing (5 minute limit on video), Keynote (Mac)

e.g. Coach’s Eye, Explain Everything

University of Michigan:● http://www.crlt.umich.edu/inst/lecturecapture

External● https://www.aamc.org/download/270066/data/techbrieflecturecapture.pdf● http://theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com/2014/11/interactive-

whiteboards-comparison-some.html ● http://www.cilt.uct.ac.za/cilt/lecture-recording/why

Lecture Capture: References

29

All images from The Noun Project● camera CC BY Wilson Joseph http://thenounproject.

com/term/watching/38042/ ● mic CC BY Doug Goodwin http://thenounproject.com/term/voice/27085/ ● ceiling mic/speaker CC BY Ben Biondo http://thenounproject.

com/term/microphone/58052/ ● laptop CC BY B. Agustín Amenábar Larraín http://thenounproject.

com/term/laptop/1999/ ● tripod CC BY Kari Gaynor http://thenounproject.com/term/stand/17971/ ● camera CC BY Nicolas Vicent http://thenounproject.com/term/video-

camera/91191/ ● Class CC BY Konrad Michalik http://thenounproject.

com/term/classroom/62501/● Presentation CC BY Wilson Joseph http://thenounproject.

com/term/presentation/28143/● Class CC BY Creative Stall http://thenounproject.

com/term/classroom/108266/ ● Overhead projector CC BY Dan Hetteix http://thenounproject.

com/term/machine/20275/ 30

Lecture Capture: Image attributions

All images from The Noun Project● Monitors CC BY Sebastian Langer http://thenounproject.

com/term/screen/12404/ ● Surgery Public Domain http://thenounproject.com/term/surgery/599/ ● Manikin CC BY Wojciech Zasina http://thenounproject.

com/term/help/40120/ ● Students CC BY Claire Jones http://thenounproject.

com/term/education/23474/● Person with headset CC BY Jane Terekhov http://thenounproject.

com/term/headphones/49683/ ● Podium CC BY Adam Forshaw http://thenounproject.

com/term/podium/82236/ ● Projector CC BY Hakan Yalcin http://thenounproject.

com/term/projector/3052/ ● Tablet CC BY Alex Kwa http://thenounproject.com/term/tablet/43396/● Teach CC BY Arthur Shlain http://thenounproject.

com/term/teacher/105290/

31

Lecture Capture: Image attributions

3. Interactive Learning Environments

32

Scope:

central storage class-related materials, for supporting exercises such as question and answers (Q&A), physical and virtual spaces that facilitate peer to peer learning

Interactive Learning Env.: Models

33

Common models for interactive learning environments:

A. Learning Management Systems (LMS)B. Audience Response Systems (ARS)C. Connected Learning Environments (CLE)

and Collaboration Spaces

Interactive Learning Env.: Analysis

34

Model When to Use Type

A. Learning Management Systems (LMS)

● Persistent, central location and storage of course-related materials

● Around the clock availability● Announcements and asynchronous interactive

activities are as important as sharing documents● May be hosted online or offline on campus● May be public or require password● Can be access from any device with web

browser

Synchronous or asynchronous, virtual

B. Audience Response Systems (ARS)

● Anonymity of responses is important● Desire real-time results to share with full group

as well as ability to save results● Works best for multiple-choice, true-false, or

short-answer questions● Depending on service and equipment used, may

be done without Internet

Synchronous, virtual

C. Connected Learning Environments (CLE)

● Dedicated room that can be easily rearranged to support large group and small group sessions

Synchronous, physical and virtual

35

A C

Interactive Learning Env.: Models

www

www

All images CC BY or public domain from the Noun Project. See attributions at end of video conferencing section.

www

www

B

wwwwww

www

SMS www

Interactive Learning Env.: Comparison

36

Learning Management System

Features When to Use

Canvas ● Cloud-hosted or local

● Open source● Video, audio,

text, files● Assignments● Forums

● Desired large-scale public access, such as through MOOCs

● Single-Sign on

Sakai ● Single-Sign on

Moodle ● Single-Sign on

Open EdX ● Desired large-scale public access, such as through MOOCs

Google Classroom ● Cloud-Hosted● Free● Video, audio,

text, files● Assignments● Forums

● Offline syncing for individuals is important

Interactive Learning Env.: Comparison

37

ARS Product Type of Question When to Use Cost

PollEverywhere ● multiple choice

● True-False

● May complete with personal computer, phone, or special polling devices

● Large audience, such as auditorium or conference

● Online hosting● Anonymity is important

● Free or paid

TurningPoint ● multiple choice

● True-False

● Online hosting● Special event● Anonymity is important

● Paid

iClicker ● multiple choice

● True-False

● Large lecture hall● Each student has their own clicker

device that they bring with class● Desire to identify individuals who

responded

● Paid

Learning Activity Management System

● Short free form response

● Small or medium group discussion● Anonymity is important● Local hosting

● Free

Interactive Learning Env.: Comparison

38

Connected Learning Environment

Example Products Cost

Digital Signs ● e.g. FourWindsInteractive (paid) MediaSignage (free)

free or paid for software, plus cost for HDMI monitor and computer

Combination spaces with media and furniture

● Steelcase MediaScape furniture begins at $7,000

Wireless HDMI Display

● e.g. Apple TV, Warpia, IO Gear GW3DHDKIT, Nyrius ARIES

$100 - $200 for adapter, plus cost for HDMI monitor or TV

Flexible furniture arrangement

● Many do-it-yourself or flexible options here

● Dry erase paint or chalkboard paint● Removable self-cling dry-erase

sheets, e.g. SmartSheets

Wide variation, based on quality of furniture and size of display

Learning Management Systems● http://nextgen.umich.edu/lms/ ● https://www.aamc.org/download/252830/data/2011-5-

learningmanagementsystemslms.pdf● https://www.aamc.

org/download/383628/data/technologynowmassiveopenonlinecoursesmoocs.pdf

● https://eee.uci.edu/online-learning/comparison.php

Audience Response Systems● https://wiki.umms.med.umich.edu/display/UMHSHELPDESK/ARS+-

+Audience+Response+System ● http://www.digitalsignagefederation.org/educationguide ● http://www.cmu.edu/teaching/clickers/● http://serc.carleton.edu/sp/library/classresponse/index.html

Interactive Learning Env.: References

39

Connected Learning Environments● https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/cle/home ● http://brandoncenter.soe.umich.edu/?page_id=7 ● http://northquad.umich.edu/facilities/spaces/ ● http://www.scup.org/asset/68972/4e73dd83a4e77d09 ● https://www.flickr.com/photos/umich-msis/sets/72157628251587097/ ● http://www.flickr.com/photos/umich-msis/sets/72157628251333089/● http://www.itcs.umich.edu/digital-signage/● http://www.lib.washington.edu/ougl/learning-spaces/media-scape-mobile● http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/2013/12/flexible-classrooms-highlights-from-

spaces4learning/ ● http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/learning-spaces/

Interactive Learning Env.: References

40

All images from The Noun Project● remote CC BY http://thenounproject.com/term/wifi/35811/● receiver CC BY Mister Pixel http://thenounproject.

com/term/wireless/35222/ ● couch CC BY Mister Pixel http://thenounproject.com/term/couch/34035/ ● Stool public domain James Keuning http://thenounproject.

com/term/furniture/10276/ ● Monitor CC BY Samuel Q. Green http://thenounproject.

com/term/technology/4085/● Board, CC BY Jeanette Clement http://thenounproject.

com/term/flipchart/15366/ ● Table CC BY Pham Thi Dieu Linh http://thenounproject.

com/term/table/38351/ ● Student desk CC BY Michael Loree http://thenounproject.

com/term/college/5766/● Wireless CC BY Edward Boatman http://thenounproject.

com/term/wireless/102/

41

Interactive Learning Env.: Image attrib.

All images from The Noun Project● laptop CC BY B. Agustín Amenábar Larraín http://thenounproject.

com/term/laptop/1999/ ● Presentation CC BY Wilson Joseph http://thenounproject.

com/term/presentation/28143/● computer CC BY Alyssa Mahlberg http://thenounproject.

com/term/desktop/3633/ ● computer tower CC BY Yamini Chandra http://thenounproject.

com/term/computer/67365/ ● ipad Public domain Daniel Yanes Arroyo http://thenounproject.

com/term/ipad/9813/ ● phone CC BY Edward Boatman http://thenounproject.

com/term/phone/18097/

42

Interactive Learning Env.: Image attrib.

4. Integrated Library Mgmt. Sys.

43

Scope:

catalog of the physical and virtual collections, circulation details, and acquisitions

Integrated Library Mgmt. Sys.: Models

44

● See slide 29 at http://www.slideshare.net/deewil/integrated-library-management-systems

● See slide 18 at http://www.slideshare.net/ckiess/introduction-to-the-integrated-library-system-ils-6590943

Integrated Library Mgmt. Sys.System Summary Cost

Koha ● Wide user base and active community support

● Used by other schools in Ethiopia● Recommended by previous librarian at St.

Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College

Free

Evergreen

● Wide user base and active community support

Free

ABCD ● By UNESCO● Considered appropriate for non-standard

metadata or limited on-site tech support

Free

Open Library Environment

● Designed by and for academic and research libraries

Free

45

Integrated Lib. Mgmt. Sys.: References

46

External● http://www.slideshare.net/deewil/integrated-library-management-systems ● http://www.slideshare.net/ckiess/introduction-to-the-integrated-library-

system-ils-6590943● http://www.slideshare.net/deewil/integrated-library-management-systems● http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.

php/9922/FE_Grant_Future_Library_Systems_%20isqv24no4.pdf ● https://www.academia.

edu/3300494/Open_source_solutions_for_libraries_ABCD_vs._Koha ● http://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ital/article/view/3139

● Kathleen Ludewig Omollo, Strategy Officer, Department of Learning Health Sciences, kludewig@umich.edu

● Bob Riddle, Technologist, Research IT Program, Medical School Information Services, bdr@umich.edu

● Ted Hanss, Chief Information Officer, Medical School Information Services, ted@umich.edu

These slides are posted online at http://www.slideshare.net/tag/ethio-ict-blueprint.

Author Information

47

Last revised 2 March 2015. Copyright 2015 The Regents of the University of Michigan.

Unless otherwise noted, this presentation is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>.