Download pdf - Resilient Design Tool for Counter Terrorism

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Resilient Design Toolfor Counter TerrorismUse the Resil ient Design Tool

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

The Resil ient Design Tool (RDT) wil l help key decision makers consider the

proportionate use of counter terrorism (CT) design features in new and existing

developments planned for crowded public places (i.e. anywhere in, or adjacent to,

locations to which large numbers of the general public have access).

This decision support tool has been developed with the assistance of the Centre for

the Protection of National Infrastructure (CPNI) and the National Counter Terrorism

Security Office (NaCTSO). By considering counter terrorism at the earl iest stage of a

development or refurbishment, this tool wil l help project decision makers to develop

the design and construction strategy in a cost effective manner.

The Resil ient Design Tool has been developed in a PDF format which is designed to

be used on screen. Enter the toolkit on the right then navigate to any of the ten main

sections by clicking on the tabs on the right hand side of the screen. Thereafter, use

the tabs across the top of the text boxes to move between sub-sections. The tabs

include advice and guidance, further reading and an interactive stakeholder map.

The stakeholder map has been included to aid developers, designers, planners,

construction engineers, transport security advisors / British Transport Police (BTP),

Architectural Liaison Officers (ALO), Crime Prevention Design Advisors (CPDA) and

Counter Terrorism Security Advisors (CTSA). This toolkit is designed to help meet the

challenges of a rapidly evolving security environment providing practical advice and

guidance. The Resil ient Design Tool has been developed to meet local needs and to

encourage joint working in a cost effective way, thereby reducing duplication of effort

and minimising cost. I t provides general guidance, but more sector specific advice

may be available in complementary guidance (see glossary).

Resilient Design for Counter TerrorismTowards integrated partnerships and solutions

Example 2 -

Shopping CentreExample 1 -

Rail

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

A shopping centre is being developed which includes an integrated transport hub with

a tram station. The entire complex is a new build. The developers are aware of the

need to consider Counter Terrorism (CT) measures, and to do so most effectively they

have:

considered CT issues early in the l ife of the project.

l iaised with Counter Terrorism Security Advisors (CTSAs) at the concept and

feasibi l ity stage, al lowing them to conduct a risk assessment and make decisions

about any CT needs. This included consideration of sites neighbouring the

development, addressing any additional risks that may have arisen, al lowing the

designers, planners and developers to take a holistic view of safety and security;

incorporated into the build a range of non-invasive, passive security design features

have been incorporated into the build. These wil l have minimal or no impact on the

later operation of the centre and transport hub, and to the public wil l be largely

invisible;

contacted a range of interested parties and stakeholders who wil l have views or

regulatory influence over the development. This has helped prevent late changes and

additional unforeseen costs;

In planning the operation of the shops and transport hub early consideration of CT

has allowed careful integration of features such as vending machines, kiosks and caf

seating areas. These often overlooked elements were included in the planning of the

site, do not create concealed or unregulated spaces, and avoid creating additional

unplanned crowded areas.


Example 2 -

Shopping CentreExample 1 -

Rail

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

A development is undertaken of a shopping centre (which includes other buildings).

The developers are aware of the need to consider CT measures.

By considering CT early, the developers of the shopping centre have:

l iaised with CTSAs at the concept and feasibi l ity stage. As a result various non-

invasive, passive security design features have been suggested by CTSAs, while

threats associated with neighbouring developments, including transport systems,

have been incorporated into the planning and development of the shopping centre;

l iaised with important stakeholders involved with the concurrent development of a

tram stop, subcontractors for other buildings and special ists in CT building design;

put in place measures to ensure CT features are not compromised later in the l ife of

the development, e.g. poor maintenance preventing a vehicle barrier from

functioning.


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Is the proposeddevelopment going to belocated in or adjacent to aplace accessible to the

general public?

Has somebody in yourorganisation been taskedwith managing security or

CT for the project?

Have you liaised with aCTSA about potential

terrorist related threats tothis development?

Do you know what actionsare required to addressthe threat of terrorism?

Do you know who youneed to be seeking advicefrom to incorporate CT

solutions?

Have you incorporated CTmeasures into the designand construction of thedevelopment? If not,contact a CTSA.

Assign somebody to thisrole. The size of the rolewill differ significantly

depending on the projectsize.

Seek advice and guidancefrom a Counter TerrorismSecurity Advisor (CTSA).

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Proceed to the next stageof the project.

Consult your localCounter Terrorism

Security Advisor (CTSA).

IMPORTANTDocument decisions andactions made at these

stages.

Start

EndTraining in these areas is

available throughworkshops and

programmes such asProjects Griffin and Argus

- see Glossary


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Key Design Principles

1 Consider forward planning and flexibility to counter developing threats.

2 Provide mitigation measures proportionate to the threats.

3 Design to enhance the setting.

4 Include multi-functional elements.

5 Ensure an accessible and inclusive environment.

6 Design with maintenance in mind.


Planning,Detection andProcedures

Protective

Construction

Hostile Vehicle

Mitigation

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Bollards enforcing a stand-off distance

between the exterior of a building and

where a vehicle bomb could be deployed.

HVM measures that are more in keeping

with the surrounding architecture can be

achieved with planning.


Hostile Vehicle Mitigation (HVM)

HVM encompasses the physical control of vehicles within a given area in order to

deter an attacker, deny methods of attack from being achievable, and to minimise the

impacts of an attack should one be carried out. This can be achieved by traffic

management initiatives (traffic exclusion, traffic restriction with screening or traffic

inclusion with more local asset protection), traffic calming vehicular approaches then

control l ing access to the asset by using appropriately specified vehicle security

barriers (VSBs).

While bollards and planters are typical ly used to enforce the vehicle security barrier

cordon, certain profi les of landscaping and structural versions of street furniture can

also fulfi l certain HVM functions.


Protective

Construction

Hostile Vehicle

Mitigation

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Glazing can be enhanced in a number of

ways, some of which can even reduce

energy costs as well as providing blast

mitigation.

Stairwells can be used as protective features

if designed correctly.


Protective construction

Protective construction encompasses the robustness and design of a building, in order

to mitigate the impacts of a blast. Such protection includes the incorporation of CT

measures in relation to the skin, structure, services and plan of a building.


Protective

Construction

Hostile Vehicle

Mitigation

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

CCTV, while typical ly associated with crime

prevention, can help in deterring and

identifying hosti le reconnaissance.

Evacuation and invacuation planning, search

procedures, and a range of other

arrangements can be made that help

preparedness, and enable measured

responses to incidents.


Planning, Detection and Procedures (PDP)

PDP encompasses the detection of hosti le vehicles and/or suspicious behaviour. I t

employs human, technological or procedural ly-based CT measures which help in

preventing and responding to terrorist attacks, as well as the incorporation and

development of a security culture.

Design QualityCost and Return

On Investment

User Experience Energy and the

Environment

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Advertising boards, such as those pictured

above, could be structural ly enhanced to

provide HVM functions, while also generating

revenue.

Excluding traffic from areas, while increasing

safety and reducing pollution, can also

increase footfal l and turnover for businesses.


Cost and return on investment

While the cost of incorporating CT measures has always been a key issue in relation

to their use, CT measures can sometimes be incorporated at negligible capital cost. In

some cases CT measures can provide a return on investment in the form of revenue

generation and increases in property/area values.

Revenue can be generated by using CT measures which contain advertising space,

as demonstrated below. Research has also shown that the exclusion of traffic, while

being perceived to impact detrimental ly on businesses, may actual ly improve the

shopping environment.

Moving staff away from vulnerable areas, for example by re-organising offices, and

bringing in CTSAs to run Project Argus or Project Griffin events can all be achieved at

no cost.


On Investment


Environment

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Architectural ly-sensitive (and

structural ly-hardened) walls protect

buildings from vehicle-borne attacks.

When extensive glazing is used, protective

secondary layers of glazing can be

incorporated that do not interfere with

existing frames, fixtures and fittings.


Design quality

The symbolism and physical appearance of CT measures have long been considered

as being in direct contrast to design and permeabil ity. However, CT measures and the

pursuit of unimpaired design and permeabil ity can go hand in hand. Although certain

specifications can change, the design concept can sti l l be the same; buildings or space

can look like they would have looked without the incorporation of CT measures.

Ensuring that designs and their quality are not impinged upon is of particular

importance in heritage settings. In these cases it is important not to detract from the

historic fabric of the building or space; consultation with English Heritage is therefore

advised when considering temporary or permanent design alterations. As

demonstrated below, non-obtrusive CT measures can be incorporated which do not

require interference in such places.


On Investment


Environment

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Temporary barriers, while necessary in

certain circumstances, can be more

obtrusive than permanent or designed-in

CT measures, and can therefore have a

greater impact on user experience.

Some permanent CT measures can be

obtrusive. However, CT measures can be

reduced in size, along with considerations

such as traffic calming measures, when CT is

considered at an early stage in a

development.


User experience

The built environment directly influences physical and psychological comfort, and the

experience of the user is a crucial factor in the perception and use of crowded places.

CT measures can therefore influence users accordingly, which puts an impetus on

their consideration and incorporation at the earl iest possible opportunity, in order to

ensure their highest aesthetic and functional performance.

Some CT measures are invisible; paying attention to buildi ing robustness can

mitigate the impact of blasts and a range of threats, hazards and accidents. Other CT

measures are more visible and therefore require further thought when considering

user experience.


On Investment


Environment

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

Glazing, which is a popular feature of many

buildings, has a range of functions. I t can be

used to create open, well l i t spaces, reduce

energy consumption, and when reinforced, can

mitigate against blasts.

The use of planting and landscaping, whilst

having aesthetic appeal, can also contribute to

environmental agendas.


Energy and the environment

CT measures can be used to address energy and environmental concerns. For

example, traffic exclusion and restriction for HVM purposes can reduce air and noise

pollution, certain types of glazing and adhesive fi lms can reduce energy

consumption, and 'green space' and biodiversity can be increased through the use of

particular traffic management approaches and CT measures.

ConstructionFeasibilityConcept Operation Refurbishment

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Concept

development of initial statement of requirements in the Design Brief by or on

behalf of the cl ient confirming key requirements and constraints

identification of procurement method, procedures, organisational structure and

range of consultees and others to be engaged for the project

implementation of Design Brief and preparation of additional data

preparation of Concept Design including outl ine proposals for structural and

building services systems, outl ine specifications and prel iminary cost plan

review of procurement route

development of concept design to include structural and building services

systems, updated outl ine specifications and cost plan

completion of Project Brief

application for detai led planning permission, including Design and Access

Statement - make reference to anti-crime and CT measures in the Design and

Access Statement

preparation of technical design(s) and specifications, sufficient to co-ordinate

components and elements of the project and information for statutory standards

and construction safety


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Feasibility

identification of cl ients needs and objectives, business case and possible

constraints on development

preparation of feasibi l ity studies and assessment of options to enable the client

to decide whether to proceed

preparation of detai led information for construction

application for statutory approvals

preparation of information for construction required under the building contract.

review of information provided by special ists

preparation and/or collation of tender documentation in sufficient detai l to

enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the project

identification and evaluation of potential contractors and/or special ists for the

project

obtaining and appraising tenders; submission of recommendations to the client


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Construction

letting the building/site contract, appointing the contractor

issuing of information to the contractor

arranging building/site hand over to the contractor

administration of the building/site contract to practical completion

provision to the contractor of further Information as and when reasonably

required

review of information provided by contractors and special ist


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Operation

administration of the building/site contract after practical completion and

making final inspections

assisting building/site user during initial occupation period

review of project performance in use

maintenance of the building/site, on a day to day basis but also over a

prolonged period of time

considerations made regarding the maintainabil ity and flexibi l ity of building/site

usage should be central to the design

engage with emergency planners / services regarding the review and testing of

emergency procedures


Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Refurbishment

identification of cl ients needs and objectives, business case and possible

constraints on development

preparation of feasibi l ity studies and assessment of options to enable the client

to decide whether to proceed

development of initial statement of requirements into the Design Brief by or on

behalf of the cl ient confirming key requirements and constraints

identification of procurement method, procedures, organisational structure and

range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

interactive stakeholderguidance

interactive stakeholdermap


Key Stakeholders

There wil l be a range of interested parties and stakeholders who

wil l have views or regulatory influence over a development. The

fol lowing l ink takes you to an interactive map showing who these

organisations may include, although the exact l ist wil l be specific

to your development.

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

interactivestakeholder map


The stakeholders are categorised according to the stages of a

typical project, from concept through to operation, including later

refurbishment. At each stage those expected to have views,

concerns or regulatory power are indicated, and a brief summary

is given of their area of interest.

For many of the stakeholders a series of search terms or names

of several organisations are suggested. To avoid referencing out-

dated information these are not direct l inks, but are terms with

which you can find the latest relevant information by searching

the internet. Use a web browser with these terms to direct

yourself to further information.

Important stakeholders to l iaise

with throughout the l ifecycle of a

shopping centre and tram

Built Environment Stakeholders Rail Stakeholders Security Stakeholders

User and Passenger Stakeholders

Concept Feasibility Construction Operation Refurbishment

See All

BuiltEnvironment

Rail Regulation Security Users

back

Insurers

LocalGovernment /Authority

Local / RegionalResil ienceForum

British TransportPolice & CTSAs'

InfrastructureOwner

Key Users -special security

needsNeighbours

Office of RailRegulation

Local PoliceForce

CounterTerrorism

Security Advisors

BuildingRegulations

StrategicPlanners

Access &Disabil ity Officer

Architects

LandscapeArchitects

Urban Designer

Public

Passengers &Users

Rail SystemOperators

Rail Civi lEngineers /Developers

Vehicle Builders& Designers

Rail SystemPromoters

Vehicle Owners& ROSCOs

LocalGovernment

transport planning

RegionalGovernment

transport planning

Department forTransport

PassengerTransportExecutive

ALOs & CPDAs

The Centre forProtection ofNational

Infrastructure


ConstructionIndustry

StructuralEngineers

Architects

Civi l Engineers

LandscapeArchitects


Urban Designer

BuildingRegulations

StrategicPlanners

Transportplanners



VehicleMaintainers



Infrastructure &station managers


Power supply &uti l i ties

LocalGovernment

transport planning

RegionalGovernment

transport planning



Public

Passengers &Users

Disabil ity &Access Groups

English Heritage

CommunitySafety

Partnerships

ALOs & CPDAs


Infrastructure

EngineeringConsultants


StructuralEngineers

Architects

QuantitySurveyor

Civi l Engineers

LandscapeArchitects

Special istContractors


Urban Designer

MaterialSuppliers

Uti l itiesCompanies

BuildingRegulations

StrategicPlanners



Communicationssystems



ALOs & CPDAs


Infrastructure

National CounterTerrorism

Security Office

Contractors



Managers &Partner

organisations

Uti l itiesCompanies

Maintenanceagencies

Town / city centremanagers

Transportplanners

EmergencyPlanners

"Blue l ight"agencies

Private Security


VehicleMaintainers

Communicationssystems

Unions &Employee

Representation

Confederation ofPassengerTransport

Infrastructure &Station

Managers


PassengerFocus

Public

Passengers &Users

Keyholders Tenants



StructuralEngineers

Architects

Civi l Engineers

LandscapeArchitects


Urban Designer

BuildingRegulations

StrategicPlanners



VehicleMaintainers



Infrastructure &station managers


LocalGovernment

transport planning

RegionalGovernment

transport planning


ALOs & CPDAs


Infrastructure

Public

Passengers &Users


Engineering Consultants

Search: consulting engineers security

Construction Industry

Search: Construction Industry Council

Search: Engineering Construction

Industry Association

Structural Engineers

Search: The Institution of StructuralContractors

Search: Construction Industry Council

Search: Engineering Construction

Industry Association

Search: Civi l Engineering Contractors

Association

Insurers

Early consideration and discussion of

security may achieve insurance benefits

in the finished project

Search: Pool Re

Search: Association of British Insurers

Search: Commercial property insurance

Architects

The Royal Institute of British Architects

(RIBA) champions better buildings,

communities and the environment

through architecture and members.

Search: RIBA counter terrorism guidance.

Quantity Surveyor

Search: Chartered Institution of Civi l

Engineering Surveyors

Search: Royal Institution of Chartered

Surveyors

Civi l Engineers

Search: Institution of Civi l Engineers

Search: Civi l Engineering Contractors

Association

Landscape Architects

Landscape architects focus on the design

of outdoor and public spaces to achieve

environmental, socio-behavioural, or

aesthetic outcomes

Search: Landscape architecture security

design

Special ist Contractors

Special ist suppliers to implement any

planned security measures.

Access / Disabil ity Officer

Two bodies can advise on access issues

for the disabled. Search: Access

Association or NRAC.

Urban Designer

Urban designers focus on shaping use of

public space.

Search: Urban design council

Managers & Partner organisations

These wil l be specific to your project. You

may need to make them aware of any

security issues you have identified which

are not already being considered in your

Material Suppliers

Special ist suppliers for standard or

security enhanced construction products

Uti l ities Companies

Specifics wil l depend on your location,

but wil l include gas, water, electricity and

communications companies who own

and manage uti l i ties in the area of your

development.

Maintenance Agencies

Security features designed-in at the

concept stage or built-in at the

construction stage of development can

be degraded through poor maintenance

Building Regulations

Search: Building RegulationsStrategic Planners

Ensuring your plans fit well with the long

term plans for the area

Search: Strategic planning council

Local Government / Authority

Ensuring your plans for the development

fit with local authority regulations and

policies.

Town / City Centre Managers

Ensure your development fits into the

town centre management plans and

policies for the area.

Search: Association of Town Centre

Management

Search: Town Centre

Management

Transport Planners

Ensure your development and its security

are integrated with plans for transport in

the area

Search: transport

planning

Search: Passenger

Transport Executive

Emergency Planners

Search: resil ience

forum

Search: emergency

planning

Local / Regional Resil ience Forum

Search: Cabinet office resil ience forum.

Search: resil ience

forum.

Blue Light agencies

Search: resil ience

forum.

Private Security

This wil l be specific to your development.

Early discussion of how security wil l be

implemented may enable you to reduce

long-terms costs.

Rail System Operators

These are l ikely to be specific to yourRail Civi l Engineers / Developers

Search: Railway Civi l Engineers.

Vehicle Maintainers

Your vehicle maintainer wil l l ikely depend

on the manufacturer, but it is important to

ensure that future maintenance does not

impair the function any features added by

the original manufacturer.

Vehicle Builders & Designers

Vehicle designers and builders may be

able to supply security enhanced

vehicles.

Communications Systems

Communication systems need to be rel iable,

robust and compatible. Wil l the communication

systems you use be capable of providing

communication with blue l ight agencies if they

are underground? Wil l they be compatible with

other communication systems such as the new

mainl ine GSMR system, or legacy systems that

may sti l l be in use? Wil l the system provide any

Unions and Employee Representation

I t is important to keep unions informed of

potential alterations to the working

conditions of their employees.

Search: train union uk.

Confederation of Passenger Transport

The government-recognised trade

association for the bus, coach and light

rai l industries. The focus for consultation

and negotiation on legislation, regulation,

practices and standards.

Search: cpt uk.

British Transport Police & CTSAs

Search: btp.

Search: nactso ctsa.

Rail System Promoters

If a rai l or tram system is part of the

development project, security aspects

may be important to the case made by

rail system promoters to the Department

for Transport.

Search: DfT Local Transport Major

Infrastructure Owner

Any developments which incorporate measures

designed to mitigate against a range of threats,

including floods or terrorism, should consider

how these measures may have an effect on, or

be affected by, changing local infrastructure;

such as roads, sewers, electricity supply etc.

Identify what aspects of infrastructure are

included in or are close to the bounds of the

development. Also ensure that subsequent

access requirements are not adversely affected

Infrastructure & Station Managers

Cooperation between infrastructure

stakeholders and station management is

vital to ensure day to day events such

such as maintenance or passeneger

surges do not cause security issues.

Vehicle Owners / ROSCOSs

Rail vehicles in the UK are typical ly

owned by Roll ing Stock Companies. The

ownership of the vehicles in your

development may be different.

Search: roscos.

Power supply & uti l i ties

Power supply and uti l i ties may be subject

to attack, and also attacks on the rail

development could damage key

infrastructure. Identify power supply and

uti l i ties providers that may be uti l ising

aspects of the rail infrastructure.

Passenger Focus

Passenger focus is the independent

passenger watchdog.

Search: passenger focus.

Office of Rail Regulation

The Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) is

the independent safety and economic

regulator for Britain's rai lways.

Search: office of rai l regulation.

Local Government Transport Planners

Ensure your development and its security

are integrated with plans for transport in

the area

Search: transport

Regional Government Transport Planners

Ensure the security measures for your

development are integrated with plans for

transport in the region

Search: transport planning

Dept for Transport

The Department for Transport (DfT) Land

Security aims to protect the travell ing

public, transport facil ities and those

employed in the transport industry,

primari ly from acts of terrorism.

Search: Land security transport uk.

Passenger Transport Executive

The driving force behind the development

of public transport in the city regions.

PTEs aim to deliver single, integrated

public transport networks accessible to

al l .

Search: passenger transport executive.

Search: Transport for (Manchester) or

(London).

Local Police Force

Search: police

Architectural Liaison Officers and Crime

Prevention Design Advisors

Search: "Secured by design crime

prevention design advisors" for a

geographical map of ALOs' and CPDAs'.

Counter-Terrorism Security Advisors

(CTSAs)

The Centre for Protection of National

Infrastructure (CPNI) - typical ly contacted

via CTSAs and NaCTSO for critical

issues.

Search: CPNI

National Counter- Terrorism Security

Office (NaCTSO)

NaCTSO contributes to the UK

governments counter terrorism strategy

and can offer special ist advice regarding

the security

Search: National Counter Terrorism

Key Users - special security needs

These wil l be specific to your project.

Identify those stakeholders who may

have specific security issues, for example

embassies, prominent companies,

rel igious organisations, pol itical offices.

Neighbours

What neighbours are bordering your

development. Do they potential ly pose a

security risk to you? Or might your

development pose a security risk for

Public

Counter terrorism Security measures, if

implemented poorly, can impact negatively

on the public experience in, or around,

developments. Liaising with the public and

fol lowing best practice guidel ines can

enhance the public experience of

Passengers / Users

Search: passenger focus

Disabil ity & Access Groups

Disabled People's Access Groups are

organisation for disabled people

promoting best practice in access design

and access standards and campaigning

to improve access to buildings, transport,

the environment, information and

services. Search: disabled

English Heritage

Search: English Heritage.Community Safety Partnerships

Search: Community

safety partnership.

Keyholders

Who wil l hold they keys to various areas

of you development? Wil l they be aware

of the security responsibi l ity expected of

Tenants & Residents

Search: tenants and

residents group.

This document provides you with information and advice

about stakeholders involved at various stages of a range of

developments. Guidance and advice from these stakeholders

may help to ensure that a range of security measures are

implemented efficiently and effectively. This document works

alongside the decision support guidance notes. The guidance

notes include some examples of the benefits provided by the

early integration of Counter Terrorism security measures.

Click to identify what stakeholders you need to contact at variouskey stages in the l ifecycle of a development, including the planning

or refurbishment of shopping centres and light rai l systems

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Cormie, D. , Mays, G. , and Smith, P. , eds. 2009. Blast Effects on Buildings,

2nd ed. London: Thomas Telford

Lu, J. , Whyte, M. , McCarthy, K. , Aibara, D. , Morison, C. , and Webster, M. , 201 0.

RIBA Guidance on Designing for Counter-Terrorism . London: RIBA

The following documents are also available from the CPNI (www.cpni.gov.uk):CPNI, 2011 . Integrated Security: A Public Realm Design Guide for Hostile

Vehicle Mitigation . London: CPNI

CPNI , 201 0. Protecting Against Terrorism , 3rd edition. London: CPNI

The following documents are also available from NaCTSO (see useful contacts):A suite of counter terrorism protective security advice documents for crowded

places;

A range of business continuity publications (Expecting the Unexpected , Secure

in the Knowledge, and Counting the Cost);

Publications on the planning system and counter-terrorism, design and technical

issues, and working together.

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design


Centre for the Protection of National

Infrastructure

(CPNI)

www.cpni.gov.ukCPNI is the UK Government authority that

provides protective security advice to businesses

and organisations across the national

infrastructure.

National Counter Terrorism Security Office

(NaCTSO)

www.nactso.gov.ukNaCTSO is a police unit co-located with CPNI .

They are funded by, and report to, the Association

of Chief Police Officers (ACPO).

Home Office

www.homeoffice.gov.uk/counterterrorismResponsibi l ity for counter-terrorism sits within the

Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism (OSCT),

which is part of the Home Office. OSCT provides

strategic direction to the UKs work to counter the

threat from international terrorism.

Department for Transport (DfT),

www.dft.gov.uk/topics/security/The Department for Transport (DfT) aims to

protect the travell ing public, transport facil ities and

those employed in the transport industry, primari ly

from acts of terrorism.

Secured by Design

www.securedbydesign.comThe official UK Police flagship initiative supporting

the principles of designing out crime.

Landscape Institute (LI)

www.landscapeinstitute.orgRoyal Chartered body for Landscape Architects in

the UK.

Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)

www.architecture.comProfessional Association of Architects in the

United Kingdom.

The Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI)

www.rtpi.org.ukThe Royal Town Planning Institute is the UK's

leading planning body for spatial , sustainable,

integrative and inclusive planning.

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

next


ACPO - Association of Chief Police Officers. ACPO coordinates policing policies on behalf of 44

forces across England, Wales and Northern Ireland. I t also l iaises with Government on dealing

with civi l emergencies and terrorist incidents.

ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practicable. The ALARP principle is often used by decision

makers when considering whether to adopt CT measures and what measures to implement.

The principle dictates that the risk of terrorism should be reduced as low as possible within the

constraints of cost and acceptabil ity. More information about ALARP can be found on the

website of the Health and Safety Executive at hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarp.htmALO Architectural Liaison Officer. A special ist crime prevention officer, employed within local

pol ice forces to advise on crime risk and reduction. Special ising in designing out crime or

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design - these professionals work closely with

architects and built environment special ists to assess the possible impacts of various crimes

and how the built environment may be designed to mitigate the effects of such crimes.

BTP British Transport Police. The national pol ice force for the railways, providing a policing

service to rail operators, their staff and passengers throughout England, Scotland and Wales.

CBRN - Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear. A categorisation of weaponry that

includes components sourced from chemical, biological radioactive or nuclear materials.

CNI - Critical National Infrastructure. The nation's critical national infrastructure includes:

Communications, Emergency Services, Energy, Finance, Food, Government, Health, Transport

and Water. Within these nine national infrastructure sectors there are critical elements (these

may be physical or electronic), the loss or compromise of which would have a major detrimental

impact on the availabi l ity or integrity of essential services, leading to severe economic or social

consequences or to loss of l ife.

Typology of CT

measures

Broader CT

considerations

Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

Further reading

Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

Decision making

flowchart

Key principles of

design

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CPNI Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure. This organisation offers advice

aimed to reduce the occurrence of attack and reduce the vulnerabil ity of Critical National

Infrastructure to terrorist attack and threats. Typical ly contacted via CTSAs and NaCTSO for

critcal issues.

CPDAs - Crime Prevention Design Advisors - ensure that al l such relevant planning applications

submitted to their respective planning authorities are noted and forwarded to the CTSAs for

their assessment and advice.

CPTED Crime Prevention through Environmental Design The ethos behind this concept is

that the physical environment can be designed and enhanced to produce behavioural effects

that wil l reduce the incidence and fear of crime. The three strategies of the CPTED approach

that can help reduce crime are: Natural Surveil lance, Natural Access Control, and Natural

Territorial Reinforcement.

Contingency Planning - Measures of preparedness in the face of a range of identified risks.

CTSAs Counter-Terrorism Security Advisers. These are special ists within each UK police

force, primari ly commissioned to provide special ist advice regarding counter-terrorism efforts

and modes of protective security.

DfT The Department for Transport aims to protect the travell ing public, transport facil ities and

those employed in the transport industry, primari ly from acts of terrorism. The DfT's Land

Security is responsible for ensuring the security of passengers and staff on the national rai l

network, underground and light rai l systems and in the Channel Tunnel.

Home Office - The lead government department in the United Kingdom for immigration and

passports, drugs policy, counter-terrorism and police.

Typology of CT

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Broader CT

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Key stages of a

project

Key stakeholders

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Useful contacts

Glossary

Introduction

Good Practice

Examples

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Light Rail - Urban-based passenger rai lway systems.

LRF - Local Resil ience Forums draw together key emergency responders to consult,

col laborate and disclose information with each other to facil itate planning and response to

emergencies, and produce a Community Risk Register.

NaCTSO - National Counter Terrorism Security Office. NaCTSO contributes to the UK

governments counter terrorism strategy (CONTEST) by supporting the Protect and Prepare

strands of that strategy. NaCTSO co-ordinates a nationwide network of special ist pol ice

advisers known as Counter Terrorist Security Advisers (CTSAs) who can offer help on counter

terrorism security.

Network Rail (NR) - NR is a rail infrastructure manager constituted as a not-for-profit company.

I t is responsible for the ownership, maintenance and operation of the heavy rail network in

Britain.

ORR - Office of Rail Regulation. The ORR is a body established to monitor the l icence

performance of Network Rail and to set targets in relation to business performance, funding and

the development of new projects

OSCT - The Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism. OSCT is part of the Home Office, with

responsibi l ity for co-ordinating counter-terrorism activities in the UK.

Project Argus - a NaCTSO initiative, exploring ways to help in preventing, handling and

recovering from a terrorist attack. Further information available from NaCTSO.

Project Griffin - A police initiative to protect cities and communities from the threat of terrorism.

Search Project Griffin

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