Research MethodsOverview of quantitative and qualitative
methods
Survey methods Experimentation Social network analysis Data visualization Spatial analysis
Quantitative Methods
Survey design Population and Sample Instrumentation Variables Analysis and interpretation Experimental design (or not)
Survey Methods
Why surveys? What’s the purpose?
Survey Design
Identify your population Identify your sampling design (single stage,
cluster) Identify your selection process (random,
systematic, convenience) Will you stratify?
Population and Sample
Identify your population (MOSS K12 students)
Identify your sampling design (single stage, cluster) (Cluster – draw from schools)
Identify your selection process (random, systematic, convenience) (systematic)
Will you stratify?(Yes – 3rd and 4th grade, 5th and 6th, 7th and 8th graders)
Population and Sample - Example
Name the instrument you will use (your own design? Modified from another? In tact from another?)
Describe its validity and reliability Cover letter Pilot testing Procedures for administering the survey
Instrumentation
Name the instrument you will use (DeWaters and Powers’ energy literacy assessment, 4H science process skills inventory, our own science identity scale)
Describe its validity and reliability Cover letter Pilot testing Procedures for administering the survey (given
when students arrive and after their inquiry presentations on Friday)
Instrumentation - Example
Associate with items on your survey Identify independent, dependent
Variables
Response / non-response bias Descriptive analysis Inferential questions and hypothesis testing Data display
Analysis
Pages 172 – 173 in Creswell
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
Characteristics of qualitative Naturalistic setting Researcher as instrument Multiple sources of data Inductive and deductive analysis Participants’ meanings Emergent design Holistic account Reflexivity (reflection)
Qualitative Methods
Observation Interviews Document review Audio and video materials
Qualitative Data Collection
Complete participa
nt
Observer as
participant
Complete observer
Participant as
observer
Observations
Single person
Phone / video / email
Group
Face to face
Interviews
Public
Private
Document review
Interview or observation protocol Record “field notes” Audio or video record interviews Transcribe interviews
Data Recording
Interpretation
Themes and Description
Code data
Read through data
Organize data
Raw Data
Data Analysis
Triangulation Member checking Thick, rich description Clarify researcher perspective Negative case Prolonged time in the field Peer debriefing External audit
Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Methods
Mixed Methods