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Security

Smart Grid and Security

आध

करा

औ

सब

सधन

पथक

िवर

से,

चषे िविवध िवध दिे य ेहै हेर ुऩच पक के

रन मन िचन स ेजन सभी जो कमा जग म क हेहो ठक य िवऩर इनके ऩच य ेकण कहे



Why Secure

•

Interoperability among six aspects of the electric power industry

• Power generation, transmission and distribution(all things that are physical)

• Command, control and communications

• sensing,• collection,

• analysis and

• interpretation of all source operational data intoinformation, and

• Transfer of such information to facilitate

•commerce and

• safe and reliable operation of power systems;

• Include such things as scheduling and dispatching thepower and control of the whole power system

• If Man in middle, impact is slow/local/partial;

• Everything auto, impact swift/widespread/total



IEEE POWER & ENERGY Magzine 2009 – सभ



STRUCTURE

o What need to be secured,o How it can be secured

o Who will secure what and how

o Operational systems which can be facing

cyber vulnerability

o Security System requirement

o Security practices

o Security audit

o Continual Improvement perspective i.e. we

need to plan, build processes to do, check

effectiveness of the two and act for

improvement.



SECURITY

• Firewalls and security zoning• Separation among application

• SCADA/EMS

• ISR

• STOA

• Scheduling

• Metering and settlement

• Web access

• Corporate access

• Competing Objective

• Maintaining Model/values exchange

• Single sign on for users v/s individual

application v/s zonal boundaries



To Secure

• Malware• Careless Employees (Password robustness

etc)

• Exploited vulnerabilities

• Zero-day exploits

• Application robustness against known

exploits such as buffers overflow/RPC



SECURITY

Utility companiesCritical-infrastructure custodiansLikely targets of cyber terrorism

Government regulations

Historically DCS/ SCADA/ EMS/ DMS

Protected by proprietary technology

Isolated from enterprise IT

Cost and Skill Issues led to:

Standard operating systemsexposure of internet connectivity

Remote access

Has Exposed these networks to 21st-century cyber threats



LD&C_SCADA

Approach

•

A holistic approach based on standards of goodpractices (e.g., ISO 27002)

• to achieve and maintain compliance with the

regulations and applicable standards

• Plan-Do-Check-Act

• security gap analysis• risk based prioritization of remediation requirements

• implementation of controls

• periodic assessment of implemented controls

• Implementing an information security management

system based upon standard to demonstrate highstandard of security

• business partners,

• customers, and

• regulators



LD&C_SCADA

REGULATION

• Discuss regulatory landscape• CERC,

• IT Act

• List security implications for utilities

• Recommended approach for compliance• To achieve

• To maintain

• Evaluate The Rules

•

implications• requirements

• approach for compliance



LD&C_SCADA

Possible incident scenario

•

An employee has a company laptop on the internetat his home office, connected to the control

network through a VPN (Virtual Private Network)

• A hacker from overseas infects the laptop with a

virus over the Internet

• The virus then propagates over the VPN connectioninto the control network and infects another

Windows PC located right in the heart of the

control system

• Is this just a hypothetical situation? It couldn't

happen to you? The bad news is that this is a realincident that actually happened to the water

supply system in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 2006



LD&C_SCADA

Communication

• General Issues• Complacency

• Not a concern since not attacked

• Institute a security process/team building

exercise that includes consequence analysis/

ramifications of a successful security attack• Utility do not assess any value to the information

being communicated, except in the case of control

actions – Unbundling may change this attitude???

• Dial-Up Modem Usage

•

use of auto-answer modems is of concern• TCP/IP

• increasing dependence on TCP/IP as a transport for

critical information – ICCP; Exchange; schedule



LD&C_SCADA

Communication…contd

•

Some information exchanged (e.g. schedule)is using the Internet instead ofIntranets. The trend may continue, sinceconnectivity options using the Internetrepresent a low cost option.

• security threats• eavesdropping,

• spoofing,

• denial of service,

• Replay

• number of people/entities attached

• Appropriate security measures should bedeployed based upon an appropriateconsequence analysis



LD&C_SCADA

Internet Connectivity

• infrastructure connectivity point to theInternet needs to be isolated through a

screening router/firewall combination from

the rest of the corporate LAN/Intranet

•

personnel need to be assigned to audit/monitor this connectivity for any security

attacks that occur

• Given sufficient audit trail, prosecution

of every attacker should be strongly

considered



LD&C_SCADA

FIREWALL

•

Firewall represent a valid security countermeasure• typically validate a remote connection/ user to

• use a given transport -TCP/IP or OSI

• make application service requests - FTP, HTTP, RFC-1006, DNP

• Limited to a set of well defined nodes/applications

•

However, once authenticated and connected,firewall is not sufficient to enforceaccess/service privileges to information on thedestination application

• Internet applications – e.g. FTP, Telnet - have theability to be configured for user authentication(usually passwords) upon which access privileges

(e.g. read, write, etc.) will be granted.• However, protocols (e.g. DNP/870-5) are inadequate in

this regard

• Active work is ongoing to address the issue ofauthentication and security within several protocolsby TC 57



LD&C_SCADA

Risks

•

consequence analysis is unique to each businessentity however Bypassing of controls/ controlsecurity can be rated as highest. Others include

• Exposed Trading Functions - analysis of the typeof information conveyed – anticipated financialdamages of a successful attack

• ICCP - Analysis of the dependency on informationconveyed (Telemetry and calculated data from RLDCto SLDC etc.) by/to other control centers

• Control Center to Substation Communication: The

• disruption of a substation communication can cause

problem only if remotely controlled• Metering: All revenue is based upon data acquired

through metering - this may not be an area ofconcern given alternate available and mode of datacommunication



LD&C_SCADA

Substation



LD&C_SCADA

Control System

•Control systems• Distributed Control Systems (DCS),

• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC),

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

(SCADA),

• Remote Terminal Units (RTUs),

• Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)

• Designed to be highly reliable and

interoperable

• proprietary operating systems in the

control systems often preclude the use of

existing Information Technology (IT)

security



LD&C_SCADA

Vulnerability

•Vendors and utilities employ• Remote access

• dial-up modem

• pc

• facilitate maintenance and remote operations

• cyber vulnerabilities can result in business-

related or safety/regulatory issues

• IT security technology will help with known

Internet threats, but is not designed to secure

control systems

• IT is responsible for cyber security but often

does not understand control systems

• Control system suppliers understand control

systems, but they are not security experts



LD&C_SCADA

Differences

•

IT security policies such as ISO-17799 do notaddress the unique needs of control systems

• Remote access is important for the efficient

operation of control systems

• vulnerability assessments and penetration testing

of T&D and generation control systems lead tosuccessful breach in obtaining unauthorized access

to SCADA and DCS

• In the near term, control system security can be

enhanced by a combination of implementing cyber

security procedures and utilizing IT technologiesto protect from traditional IT threats



SM A R T

G R I D

Smart Grid: ConceptsIssues

Anil SinhaConsultant/ Advisor([email protected])



SM A R T

G R I D

Smart Grid “The smart grid is no revolution

rather an evolution of a proceswhich electricity grids are beingcontinuously improved to meetneeds of current and future cus(European Technology Forum)



SM A R T

G R I DSmart Grid: General



SM A R T

G R I D

General Increasing demand of Electri

Electricity Grid is a well know

It has three layers

Generation Transmission

Distribution



SM A R T

G R I D

Layers

Transmission

Distribution

Generation



SM A R T

G R I D

General The conventional Generation

Power: Thermal – Coal, Gas, etc.

Hydro

Nuclear

Depleting stock of fuel

Increased Pollution



SM A R T

G R I D

General Generation from Renewable

of Energy is growing Renewable Sources:

Solar – Photo Voltaic

Solar – Thermal

Wind

Hydro Power (specifically, sma

Bio-Mass



SM A R T

G R I D

General The Generation from RSE is

essentially distributed in nat The consumer may also be a

generator at the distribution This is one input for the need

Smart Grid

The RSE generation unpredic



SM A R T

G R I D

General Among the other reasons for

Grid are: Need for Reliability, due to inc

reliance on electric power

Need for improving efficiency oavailable power

Need to reduce pollutionN d t b d f f h



SM A R T

G R I DSmart Grid: Concepts



SM A R T

G R I D

Limits on Scope Only the Distribution level is

considered Capacity Building is not cons

Customer Education is not co Considered in the light of Co

Automation requirement



SM A R T

G R I D

Concepts A smart Grid is the judicious

strong combination of the ElGrid with the Information &Communication Technology

It also includes the extensionmonitored grid (with the ICT

the consumer premises, dow



SM A R T

G R I D

Concepts Some new age functions are

available/ in use, e.g. Automatic Meter Reading (AMR

Demand Side Management (D

Distribution Management Syst

Some more functions are sel

applied to existing infrastruc



SM A R T

G R I D

Concepts Our expectation from the Sm

Self healing

Enable Consumer Participation

Improve Quality of Power

Accommodate distributed genestorage of power, even if inter

Provide Real-time data



SM A R T

G R I DSmart Grid: Communic



SM A R T

G R I D

Communication The DMS solution includes

communication from ControlSub-station level (WAN)

The additional requirement: Sub-station to Consumer prem

Within Consumer premises (HA



SM A R T

G R I D

Communication

D

M

S

S

U

B

S

T

A

T

I

O

WAN NAN



SM A R T

G R I D

Communication Expectation

Secure Reliable

Flexible

Scalable

Cost-effective

Future-Proof



SM A R T

G R I DSmart Grid: Application



SM A R T

G R I D

Applications Advanced Metering

Traditional meter reading Usage Profiling

Remote Connect/ Disconnect

Outage/ Restoration Reporting



SM A R T

G R I D

Applications Distribution level

Traditional Sub-station Autom Video Monitoring

Work-force Mobility

SCADA System (Expanded) Transformer Monitoring (DT le

Capacitor Bank Control

Voltage Monitoring



SM A R T

G R I D

Applications Consumer level

Informed Consumer Energy Efficiency

Dynamic Pricing

Demand Response

Distributed Generation

Distributed Storage



SM A R T

G R I DSmart Grid: Issues



SM A R T

G R I D

Issues Smart Grid is a new Idea, st

Concept/ Demo phase Smart Grid Evolution is still o

Good Part: We continue to aideas to enhance the usabilitusefulness/ Cost-effectivene

Bad Part: When do we come


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/recommendation-smartgrids 64/99SM A R T

G R I D

Issues The driver differs with the co

implementation General lack of Awareness

Very high requirement ofCommunication Infrastructurcost!

Unclear/ undefined standard



G R I D

Issues Who will pay/ install/ mainta

consumer level smart interfacommunication infrastructure

Regulatory & Policy Inputs aincomplete

Data Protection

Possible misuse of DSM & Di



G R I D

Way Ahead Increase the scope of C&A in

existing Grid; Install SCADA Introduce Smart Meters/ AM

Expand to include DT level inmonitoring scheme

Extend the monitoring & con

network to devices in the ho



G R I DSmart Grid: Conclusion



G R I D

Conclusion No common definition, Stand

in draft stage Demo Systems are in place,

Applications are being create Regulatory/ Policy framewor

to evolve

Source of funds is not clear



G R I DThank you

Anil SinhaConsultant/ Advisor([email protected])



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 1

Smart Grid-A Road to Future

Kuldeep Tickoo

Siemens Ltd, India

The starting point:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 2

The starting point:

changing needs, growing demands

High supplyquality

Aginginfrastructureand lack of

experts

Greater network complexityand vulnerability

Increasedenergy trading

Operational factors

Network conditionsand requirements

External influences

Power quality

Costpressure

Legaland regulatory

framework

CO2 reduction

Integration ofrenewable energy

sources

Increasingdistance between

generationand load

Fluctuating infeed

Integration ofdistributedenergyresources

Integration ofintelligent buildings

Energyefficiency

The starting point:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 3

Efficient grid

Multiple infeed

Demand side management

Quality assurance

Aging infrastructure and workforce

The starting point:

Drivers for flexible and (cost)-efficient grids

Drivers Challenges for the utilities

Competitive

energy prices

Need for more energy

Environmentalsustainability

Security of supply

Regulatory

and

political

push

for profitability

for flexibility

for accessibility

for reliability

Siemens Smart Grid:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 4

Siemens Smart Grid:

Always aiming for your benefit

Flexibility

Reliability Profitability

Accessibility



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 5

Welcome to Smart Grid



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 6

Vision of a Smart Grid

“Auto-balancing, self-monitoring power grid that accepts any source

of fuel (coal, sun, wind) and transforms it for the consumer‟s end use (heat,

light, hot water) with minimal human intervention.”

“A system that will allow society to optimize the use of renewable energy

sources and minimize our collective environmental footprint.”

“It is a grid that has the ability to sense when a part of its system is

overloaded and re-route power to reduce that overload and prevent a

potential outage situation.”

“A grid that enables real-time communication between the consumer and

utility, allowing us to optimize a consumer’s energy usage based

on environmental and/or price preferences.”

Source: Xcel Energy’s

Smart Grid - The three core components



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 7

Smart Grid - The three core components

Smart

Meters

Grid

Intelligence

Utility IT

1.

2.

3.

Pathways to a Smart Grid



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 8

Pathways to a Smart Grid

The solution

Unmanaged, not

transparent consumption

Manual reaction to critical

network situations

Primary equipment

condition not well known

Central generation,decentralized consumption

Complex engineering,

testing and manufacturing

Blackout prevention by increasing the

situational awareness and automated

counter measures

Condition monitoring for controlled

overload of bottlenecks and reliability-centered asset management

Smart metering and load management

Integration of distributed generationand storage by virtual power plants

Plug-and-play by Smart Substation

Automation

Di s t r i b u t i on

T r an smi s si on

From To

Pathways to a Smart Grid:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 9


Blackout prevention

New visualization concepts to increase situation

awareness Availability of real-time data

Problem-oriented decision support

Smart decision based on increased data volume

and quality

Manual reaction to critical

network situations

Blackout prevention by increasing the

situational awareness and automated

counter measures

From To

What‟s necessary?

Blackout prevention:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009

May 10 E D EAPage 10


Characteristics

Today„s standard

Reactive grid

operation

Manual operation

Evolution

Reactive grid

operation

Automated

switching routines

Smart Grid

blackout prevention

Proactive,

preventive grid

management

Grid dispatcher has to decide within seconds

Wrong decisions or inactivity > risk of blackout!




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009



Reference example

Expert System for ADWEA DMS (Abu Dhabi):

Advanced Network Operation (ANOP) as part of Spectrum Power

Unplanned outages /

disturbances

Planned outages

Corrective measures

Normal switching status

Contingency evaluation

Fault isolation and network

restoration

Network reconfiguration at

ongoing customer supply

Emergency cases: elimination ofoverloads and undervoltages

Planned cases: Relief of

equipment loads

Network reconfiguration to come

back to normal switching status

Task Optimal action

S p e c t r u m

P o w e r –

S p e c i a l l y d e v e l o

p e d a l g o r i t h m




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


True operator assistance in every

situation – with the right degree of

complexity

Unique and robust algorithm –

adequate solutions for all operational

tasks

Significant time savings – e.g. for

outage planning

Reduced chance of errors duringplanning

…with Advanced Network Operation

(ANOP)


Benefits

=Flexibility

Profitability

Accessibility

Reliability




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009



Condition monitoring

Information on the ageing or health condition of aprimary device in operation

Provided by special sensors and / or derived from

data typically available

Primary equipment condition

not well known

Condition monitoring for controlled overload

of bottlenecks and reliability-centered asset

management

From To

Condition monitoring – looking inside your equipment

Secondary

Equipment

Gis Transformer

& Tap Changer

CT, VT

Surge Arrester

Cable

Circuit Breaker

Isolators, Disconn.Earthing S.

OHL

Condition monitoring:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009



Modular integration




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009



Reference example

Additional benefit: Peak load transmission at low ambient temperatures

Transformer Monitoring for Hydro Québec (Canada)




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


g

Benefits

Flexibility

Accessibility

Reliability

Profitability

Extended lifetime

Improved asset protection

Reduced maintenance costs

Increased transmission capacity

Increased reliability

through…

Congestion Management

Outage avoidance and blackout

prevention

Risk management

Early warning for damages caused

by abnormal weather conditions

=




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


y

Smart Substation Automation

Integrated solution – offering advanced

functionality based on different devices up to now Plug-and-play-like functionality with the latest

standards (IEC 61850)

Ready-to-tie-in solution

Access to non-operational data

Complex engineering, testing

and manufacturingPlug-and-play by Smart Substation Automation

From To

Smart Substation Automation – what does it stand for?

Smart Substation Automation:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Applications

Smart Gear via IEC 61850

Programmable, self-monitoring GM-SG medium voltage metal-clad switchgear

Emergency standby

Primary power supply

Peak shaving

Applications




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Functionality

Smart Gear via IEC 61850

Programmable, self-monitoring GM-SG medium voltage metal-clad switchgear

Auto / manual mode

Opening and closing

breakers

Open and close transition

Auto transfer schemes:

Generator paralleling

Synchronization to utility

Speed and voltage control

Load sharing

Load control

Applications




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Benefits

=

Accessibility

Profitability

Reliability

Flexibility

Fast-available solution – throughshorter cycle times

Time savings in engineering and

commissioning: more than 50 %

Minimized wiring

Fast start-up – minimal downtime

High reliability through simplicity

Improved monitoring

Improved operational safety

=




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


y

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage

Energy management system for monitoring,

planning and optimization of DER

Forecasting system for load, generation of windpower plants and photovoltaic

Energy data management for collecting and keeping

the required information, e.g. loads, contractual data

Front-end for the communication with the

decentralized power units.

Central generation,

decentralized consumption

Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

(DER) and storage by virtual power plants

From To

Virtual power plants – main features:

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and storage:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


The DEMS ® solution

Energy forecasts

Forecast of the regenerative

production

Cost-optimal planning and

management of decentralized

power supply plants

Consideration of topological

restrictions in the grid

management

Analysis and assessment of

individual energy purchase and

contracts of sale

Energy forecast

Forecast of the

regenerative production

Production optimization

Demand optimization

User interface

Reports

Storage

S C ADA

( S u p er vi s or y C on t r ol

an d

D a t aA c q ui si t i on )

P r o c e s s c o u pl i n g

Communication

DEMS

As a Windows-based system, DEMS (Decentralized Energy Management System) provides…




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Reference example

Virtual power plant KonWerl (Germany)

Cost-optimal planning

and management of

decentralized power

supply plants

Generation ranging

from 500 kW to several

MW each Includescoordination of

different carriers




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Benefits of Virtual Power Plants

=Accessibility

Reliability

Flexibility

Profitability

Improved Market Access:The bundling enables even small generators to trade at spot

and balancing power markets. Bundling opens up new sales

channels.

Support of network stability:With VPP distributed energy resources can cover peak

demand.

Alternative to building new power plants:

The VPP concept makes distributed energy resources

attractive to utilities as well.

Alternative to network expansion:Bundled distributed energy resources supply electricity to

regionally limited areas.




Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Smart metering

Unmanaged, not transparent

consumption

Smart metering and load management

From To

Smart metering:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Characteristics

Smart metering and load management – what do they stand for?

Monthly meter

reading – higher

transparency

With regard to

your customer:

Increased efficiency

of metering business

Reliable

documentation of

customer supply

Reduction of non-

technical losses

Chance foradditional services

With regard to

your business:

Platform for the

“energy efficiency

directive”

Fulfillment of legal

requirements

With regard to

legal aspects:

Smart metering:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


The AMIS System

AMIS – the integrative complete solution for all distribution network operators

AMIS Reference Project for Energie AG Oberösterreich (Austria)

Smart metering:



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Reference example

Automation of metering processes (meter reading, blockingof customer installations, billing, prepayment services, etc.)

Significant improvement of customer processes

Implementation of various tariffs

Quality improvement of consumption data due to monthly

meter reading

Replacement of ripple control

Recording of the customer supply

Automation of the transformer stations

Support of the energy efficiency program of Energie AG

AMIS Reference Project for Energie AG Oberösterreich (Austria):

The most important reasons for implementing an AMIS system are

Smart metering:

f



Energy Sector

© Siemens AG 2009


Benefits

Flexibility

Accessibility

ProfitabilityReliability

Enhanced customer service

Detection of non-technical losses

(Tamper detection)

Power quality monitoring

Data to improve the outage

management

Load forecasting

Asset management, including

transformer sizing

=



Thank You