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Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens

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Edwin Landseer Lutyens (1869-1944) born in London, England.

He established his own office at the age of 20.Lutyens embarked on a long career included

every kind of commission, from secular buildings to town planning.

Architectural styles: Romantic Vernacular, Neo-Georgian, and Neo-Classical.

Working style: Sense of proportion and organizational principles and symmetry with use of available local material.

Biography:

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Houses for the English nouveau riche(vernacular style).

Deanery Gardens house, Sonning, Berkshire.Middlefield, Great Helford, Cambridge.Heathcoate, Ilkley, Yorkshire(Neo-classical).Viceroy's House or rashtrapati bhavan,New Delhi

(Neo-Classical).Amesbury Prep School in Hindhead, Surrey.India gate (1931).Free Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb(1920).Hampton Court Bridge(1930).

Works:

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Free ChurchDeanery Gardens house,

Hampton Court Bridge

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Knighthood award in 1918.Royal Academician in 1920.Royal Gold Medal for Architecture in 1921.AIA Gold Medal in 1925.

Awards:

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Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi

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Architect : Edwin Landseer LutyensTime period : 1913-1930Architectural style : The Mughal architectural

designs, Persian art forms, Indian designs and the European architectural styles.

Floor area :200,000 sq ftMade for : Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official

residence of the Rashtrapati or the President of India.

No steel was used to construct Rashtrapati Bhavan.

In 1916 the Imperial Delhi committee dismissed Lutyens's proposal to alter the gradient. Lutyens thought Baker was more concerned with making money and pleasing the government, rather than making a good architectural design.

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The Rashtrapati Bhavan is the biggest residence of the Head of the State in the world.

340 rooms.The structure is built using 700 million bricks

and three million cubic feet of stone.Rashtrapati Bhavan has Buddhist railings,

chhajjas, chhatris ,jaalis and Indian temple bells in its pillars.

Dome of the building is said to have been influenced by Roman architecture, it indicates an influence of the famous Sanchi Stupa.

Basic details about building:

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Plan :

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The layout of the palace is designed around a massive square with many courtyards and open inner areas within.

There are separate wings for the Viceroy and another wing for guests. The Viceroy’s wing is a separate four-storey house in itself, with its own court areas within.

At the centre of the main part of the palace, underneath the main dome, is the Durbar Hall.

Jaipur column placed in the front of the main building in east side.

Mughal gardens located in the backside of the façade on west side.

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In the hall, the columns are made in Delhi order which combines vertical lines with the motif of a bell.

The vertical lines from the column were also used in the frieze around the room, which could not have been done with one of the traditional Greek orders of columns.

The hall has a 2-ton chandelier which hangs from a 33-metre height. The two state drawing rooms, the state supper room and the state library are each on the four corners of the hall.

There are also other rooms such as many loggias (galleries with open air on one side) which face out into the courtyards, a large dining hall with an extremely long table, sitting rooms, billiards rooms, and a large ball room, and staircases.

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The dome

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The ancillary dome-like structure on top of the building is known as a CHUTTRI, an integral part of Indian architectural design.

The dome in the middle involved a mixture of Indian and British styles. In the center surmounted on top of a drum, which stands out from the rest of the building, due to its height.

The dome is exactly in the middle of the diagonals between the four corners of the building.

The dome is more than twice the height of the rest of the building.

There is also an open area in one room to the sky, which lets in much of the natural light.

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Use of Chhajjas,Chhatris and Jaalis

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Chhajjas are stone slabs which are fixed below the roof of a building and are designed for the purposes of preventing the sunrays from falling on the windows and protecting the walls from the rains in the monsoon.

Chhatris adorn the rooftops of the building and make an exception to the horizontal line through their elevated positions.

Jaalis, like chhajjas and chhatris, are also of typical Indian designs which add beauty to the architecture of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. Jaalis are the stone slabs containing lots of perforations which are designed with delicate floral and geometric patterns.

Lutyens very carefully used chhajjas, chhatris and jaalis and skillfully harnessed the utility of these designs by deploying them at appropriate places.

In few of the jaalis that are installed in the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Lutyens also blended European styles to further enhance their aesthetics and utility.

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North Block

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South Block

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The Jaipur Column, 145 feet topped by a bronze lotus from which rises a six-pointed glass star.

An interesting details about the column is that inside the stone shaft runs a steel tube which attached the lotus and the star, which weigh a little more than five tones, to a concrete block in the foundation.

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Yellow Drawing Room.Banquet Hall.Ashoka Hall.North Drawing Room.Museum.Marble Hall (Left, center and right).Durbar Hall.Mughal gardens.

Other parts of the building:

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http://www.presidentofindia.nic.inhttp://www.britannica.comhttp://phototravelings.inwww.wikipedia.org

References:


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