Niti Aayog – Centre For Policy Research Open Seminar Series
“Conceptualising Zero-Waste in India under Swachh Bharat: Possibilities & Challenges”
Monday, 29th June 2015, 15:00 – 16:30 hrs Room 122 Niti Aayog, Sansad Marg, New Delhi 110001
Pune’s Trash Solution A Zero Waste City KUNAL KUMAR
Municipal Commissioner, Pune Municipal Corporation
PUNE CITY
Ø Pune is the 8th largest city in India and the 2nd largest in the state of Maharashtra.
Ø Population ; about 4 million Ø Households ; nearly 1 million Ø Area of city is 250 sq. kms. Ø 4 Zones ; 15 Administrative Ward Offices ; 76
Prabhags
BACKGROUND Rapid urbanization Changing consumer habits Space constraints for processing
Change in quality and composition of waste generated
Innovative and sustainable solutions
Segregation at source and decentralised processing of waste
-‐5-‐
6%5%
3%5%
33%
1%
25%
22%Paper
Plastic
Metal
Glass
Organic
Leather / Rubber
Inert Materials
Miscellaneous
S N Source of generation Quantity(MT)
% of total
1 Household 950 69.1
2 Street sweeping & drainage cleaning
140 10.2
3 Hotels &restaurants 150 10.9
4 Markets / commercial area
50 3.6
5 C and D Waste 75 5.5
6 Fruit, vegetable, Vish meat market waste
7.5 0.5
7 Biomedical waste 1.8 0.1
Sources and Composition of MSW Description Percentage
Organic Matter 45 to 50
Recyclables from Residential & Commercial
35 to 40
Inert Material 10 to 15
Other Parameters • Density • GCV • C/N
• 437 Kg/m3
• 937Kcal/Kg • 22.85
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Nos. Tipper Trucks 158 Compactors 12 Hotel Trucks 23 Tractors 10 Dumper Placers 89 Bulk Refuse Carrier (B.R.C.) 65
Year Population Waste Generation (TPD)
2011 3,115,431 1374
2021 4,487,573 2677
2031 6,211,404 4125
2041 8,597,417 6071
OVERVIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
Ø Pune generates around 1600 tons of solid waste per day. Ø 160 trucks collect waste door-‐to-‐door, collecting an average of 198 tons per day.
Ø 847containers and 116 compactor buckets dispersed around Pune.
Ø Ward wise average-‐ 350 to 750 gms per capita per day Ø Construction and demolition waste generation –80-‐90 TPD
Ø Garden waste generation – 50-‐60 TPD Ø Biomedical waste – 3 TPD
Service Level Benchmarking
-‐8-‐ Source: SWM Department Pune Municipal Corporation
• Door-‐to-‐door collection of waste is only 60% which needs to be targeted for 100% in future. • Extent of segregation of waste is 44%.
§ There is no Mechanism for disposal of C&D processing waste.
§ Issues of scientiVic disposal and Treatment of e-‐waste.
§ Present Per capita per day waste generation is 441 gram.
§ Future solid waste generation for Pune city is Projected on the basis of existing per capita generation with annually increase of 1.4 percent growth rate for metropolitan cities in India.
Sr. No.
Performance Indicator 2014-‐15
1 Household level coverage of solid waste management services
80
2 EfViciency of collection of municipal solid waste
100
3 Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste
44
4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered
85
5 Extent of scientiVic disposal of municipal solid waste
50
6 Extent of cost recovery in solid waste management services
80
7 EfViciency in collection of solid waste management charges
81
8 EfViciency in redressal of customer complaints
91
BEST PRACTICES TO GENERATE WEATH OUT OF WASTE
Ø ScientiVic processing and scientiVic land Villing of waste Ø Integrating Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste Management
Ø Pune’s Trash Solution: A Zero Garbage City Ø Biomethanation cum power generation plants Ø Waste to energy – Plasma gasiVication Ø Mandatory onsite disposal in post 2000 residential and commercial schemes
� Data collection for MIS using Mobile SMS and Biometric attendance
� ALERT G-‐Complaint Redressal through citizens participation
� Celebration of Ganesh Utasav in Eco friendly manner
Ø Sonia gram udyog prakalp for plastic recycling Ø Shredding and composting of garden waste
BEST PRACTICES (CONTIN)
Process
Collection
Storage
Segregation, Recycle & Reuse
Transportation
Processing ScientiVic Disposal
Key Focus Areas
� Awareness � Container free city � Promotion of Decentralized Waste Processing facility
� Practice of three ‘R’ � Comprehensive solution for Centralized Waste Processing
Services Provided
� Primary and secondary collection of waste � Segregation and storage and waste reduction at source
� Transportation � Processing and disposal � Estimate and analysis of waste � Waste minimization � Public awareness and enforcement � Resource management � Prohibition of littering
Integrating Informal Sector – SWaCH Model
§ Pune city’s efforts to partner with waste pickers organizations to provide better service – 2300 wastepickers cover about 0.4 Million Households
§ PMC pays for management and equipment cost § Health insurance provided by PMC
PMC -‐ SWaCH MODEL
Segregation by citizens and user fee based model Better conditions of work for waste pickers Cleaner waste for recycling industry Reduction in municipal expenses for waste management Compliance of MSW 2000 rules Decentralized waste management and processing Climate change mitigation Poverty Alleviation Public Private Partnership Better waste management
New Portable Sheds for SWaCH
• There are 45 sor+ng shed Including 6 Portable & Other • Sonia Gram Udyog Prakalp 1) Aundh 2) Katraj 3)Yerawada • 200 – 250 Waste Picker Directly AAached Processer • 4 TPD of waste is Processed
What is Zero Waste?
� “Zero waste” means that garbage should be reused locally to avoid sending the trash to landVills. ¡ Alleviates both environmental issues related to landVills as well as city maintenance costs.
� How to reuse: Enhanced recycling of plastic, glass, metal and paper and harness potential of organic waste through investment in biogas, composting and other technologies. ¡ Ultimate goal: Create value out of waste to produce a paradigm shift from garbage as disposable to garbage as a renewable resource.
Zero Waste Model
30/06/15
Zero Garbage
Improve efViciency of waste
collection
Decentralised processing of
waste
Increase awareness
Reduce mixed waste Remove containers
Zero Waste ward
v PMC initiated “Zero Waste Ward” model pilot project in PMC’s Katraj ward in 2010
v Till date, the Zero Waste model has been rolled out to 20 Prabhags covering almost 2.61 Lacs properties and roughly 8.5 lacs residents
Based on its success, the model is being rolled out in Pune Municipal Corporation in a phased manner.
Key Elements Of Zero Waste Model
Social Awareness
Economic Sustainability of Decentralized
Waste management
Public Private Partnership
Multiple Technologies
Zero Garbage
PMC Solid Waste Management System
SWaCH Cooperative Door-‐to-‐door collection of garbage
Households and Commercial Units Segregation of garbage at source into dry and wet
Corporate Sponsor Financial aid and volunteers
Janwani Facilitator
Stakeholders In The Model
Pilot project - Katraj
Zero Garbage Pilot Project in Katraj Ward • 2010-‐2012
• 11,500 Properties
• 45,000 Residents
ELEMENT BEFORE AFTER
Community Waste Containers
24 4
Segregation at Source < 10% Roughly 70%
Door to Door Collection Coverage
30% 90%
No of Waste Pickers 20 45
Wet Waste Processing None 5 Tons/Day Biogas
Waste Sent to LandVill 10 Tons/Day 2 Tons/Day
Containers initially =144 ; Containers reduced =49 Overall Coverage = 88% ; Overall Segregation 73% Compost pits activated = 11,060 properties
67750
46% 81444
64% 104402
71% 117030 77% 87% 88%
129312
32200
22%
41% 60550
73870 50% 90911
56% 70% 73% 106444 107223
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Oveall DTDC & Segregation in 11 Prabbhags Overall DTDC
Overall Seg.
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag - Results
58400 51%
63954 56% 73566
65% 73%
80759
75%
84723
37629 33%
41342 36% 52401
50% 56853
58% 66164
60%
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000
Households -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐>
Overall DTDC & Segregation in 9 Prabbhags Overall DTDC Overall Seg.
Containers initially =135 ; Containers reduced to 71 Overall Coverage =75% ; Overall Segregation 60% Compost pits activated =1691 properties
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag - Results
• 22354 properties
• 21.41 TPD Before the Project
• 41,224 Properties
• 42.67 TPD
End of Dec 2014
COMMUNITY BINS REMOVAL
279
105
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
No. Containers Before Project
At the End of Dec 2014
No. of Containers -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐>
Feb 2013-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> 31st Dec 2014
Container Reduction Chart At the Beginning of the Project At the End of Dec 2014
SOCIETY LEVEL COMPOSTING
Expansion Of Zero Waste Model To 20 Prabhag - Results
Zero Garbage Project
Zero Garbage Project Property Survey and division into three groups
(Society/Bungalow, Slum and Commercials)
Property Survey
Finding gaps in exisIng solid
waste management
system ExecuIng proper awareness program and filling gaps
Finding gaps in exisIng system Further division of properIes in small groups called pockets
Discussion with various stakeholders, execuIon of proper awareness program, gap filling
Provision of door step waste
collecIon system
Emphasize on source
segregaIon of waste
Restrict mixed waste
collecIon
Emphasize to treate waste on society level
and provision of technology assistance
OpImum recycling of Dry waste by waste
collectors CollecIon of segregated Wet Waste & processing on Prabhag/Ward level
Energy recovery from refused waste
Processing of wet waste on
Prabhag/Ward level and recycling of opImum dry
waste
Planning and Execution of the Zero Garbage Project
AWARENESS PROGRAMS
Rallies and Meetings with housing societies
Poster exhibition and video on segregation shown in Societies
Games to help spread awareness about segregation
Surprise Visit to check compliance of segregation
Issue notice from PMC for compost pits and segregation of garbage
Awareness Rallies
Door to Door awareness
Street play , puppet shows
Surprise Audit to check compliance of segregation
Meetings with SHGs, Ganesh Madals and other
Organised Area (Societies and Commercial complexes)
Un Organized Area
(Slums and Gaothan)
Segregation-‐ Approach
� PPP-‐ with help of NGOs and waste picker’s Organization (like SWaCH).
� Pune Trash Solution – Zero Garbage Ward project � Awareness-‐ Through IEC. � Incentives-‐ Distribution of dry and wet waste bins to households and tax rebate for practicing ecofriendly methods
� Bell ringing vehicles – 160 nos for separate collection of waste � Establishment of Separate system for Garden Cutting and 8 Shredder Machines Vixed at various location for garden waste processing
� Separate system for hotel waste collection through 23 trucks � Post 2000 constructions have compulsion of insitu wet waste management
GHANTAGADI ROUTE MAP
INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER STATION
CURRENT PROCESSING OF WASTE
� Since June 2010; scientiVic processing and scientiVic landVilling. � Decentralized waste processing plants operational at institutional and society level.
• 200 TPD; Vermi-‐ compost and compost • Hadapsar Ramp Ajinkya Biofert
• 100 TPD; Vermi-‐ compost and compost • Ram Tekdi Industrial Estate
Disha Waste Management
• 100 TPD; Electricity and Compost • 22 Decentralized Plants
Biogas and Mechanical Compost
• 700 TPD; Electricity • Ram Tekdi, Hadapsar
Rochem Separation Systems
Ajinkya Biofert
Disha Waste Management
Bio Methanation Plants
Description Value
Biogas Generation 300+5% m3/day
CaloriVic Value 4800-‐5000 Kcal/cum
Engine EfViciency 25%
Electricity Generation
1.5 kWh/cum of Biogas
Equivalent Electricity Generation
450kWh/day
Auxiliary Power requirement
@50 kWh/day
Net Surplus Electricity for sale
400 kWh/day
Processing-‐ Mechanical Composting
Sr. No Location of Biogas Plants Capacity of Plant 1 Ram Tekdi Garden 5 TPD
2 Aundh Ward ofVice 2 TPD
ScientiVic Closure of MSW Dump Site
As per MSW Rules 2000, Scientific closure and beautification of 30 hectares of dumping site at Urali Devachi is in progress
Reducing Carbon Emissions with Eco friendly technologies
� The total CO2 equivalent emissions could have been 5.58 times the current emissions in case PMC had not installed the scientiVic technologies to process MSW in Pune city
Zone No
Vermicomposting Pits
Bio-‐Sanitisers
Bio-‐Methanisation
Organic Waste Converter
Total
Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos Kgs Nos
Kgs
Zone-‐1 775 12754 223 2522 14 5636 21 4490 1033 22880
Zone-‐2 12 330 100 2878 1 185 7 3120 121 6568
Zone-‐3 63 934.5 396 3273 4 111 10 2430 473 6748.5
Zone-‐4 139 1878 86 726 6 4200 4 1300 235 7378.3
Total 989 15896.5 803 9334 25 10132 42 11340 1862 43574
Decentralised Wet Waste Processing Units
PPP Approach Tax rebate given by PMC for eco-‐friendly
measures practiced by citizen. DETAILS No. of Properties
Solar 4075 Vermiculture 10429 Solar & Vermiculture 7254 Vermiculture & Rain HarvesIng 1024
TOTAL 22782
Trainings
� PMC conduct systematic training of sanitation staff for delivery of public services efViciently, and improving their communication skills
� Conducted training of sanitation staff and RCV’s on SWM
� Meetings of women kothi leaders and sanitation are held on each month to discuss all relevant issues.
Monitoring mechanism
� Third party auditing ¡ Indicators deVined for auditing ¡ Based on these an independent body ensure procedures are followed
� Mohalla Committee
� Swachhta mitra ¡ Local residents become involved with the project
¡ Ensures sustainability of the project
� Reporting System ¡ Weekly report format. ¡ SI & N.D.Squard Vine collection report.
¡ Notices to Societies for non segregation.
� Notices & Vine to plastic bag sellers.(<50 microns)
� Legal action. � Publication of Ghata trucks route maps
ACHIEVMENT @ A GLANCE
� SWaCH model : ¡ Saved more than Rs. 15 crores per annum in waste handling costs ¡ Collect recyclable materials that amount to 2o% of municipal solid waste ¡ They save Greenhouse Gas Emissions of 2,94,316 Metric Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (mtCO2-‐eq) per
annum (2006)
� Zero Garbage Ward ¡ Improved service delivery of DTDC and segregation of waste and reduced transportation cost. ¡ ISO CertiVication for Decentralized Solid Waste Management System: Easy to transfer and replicate
� Energy generation : About 1 MW energy from 100 tons of organic waste using biogas (Pay back period 5-‐6Years)
� About 2.5 MW of energy from 250 Tons of waste by using plasma pyrolysis technology
Less space required, no capital cost, and share in Carbon credits. � 100 percent scientiVic disposal since 2010 and no open Dumping -‐ ScientiHic land Hilling & Capping
Recognition
� Vasundhara Award 2013 by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board for best practices � Vasundhara Vilm Award 2013 for -‐ Awareness Vilm ‘Kachara Muktnichya Dishene’ � HUDCO Awards for Best Practices to “ Improve the living Environment 2012-‐13”
� ICON SWM 2012 and 2014-‐ Award of Excellence in SWM.-‐By International Society of waste management, Jadhavpur University.
� NagarRatna Award by JNNURM in 2010-‐2011. � Skoch -‐ Digital Inclusion Award:-‐ The -‐Benchmark of Best Practices 2013. § APTDC award 2013 – Runner-‐up for SWaCH model and PMC best practices
CONCLUSION
Pune Municipal Corporation has a head start in MSWM over other ULBs in India. The ethos and working culture of the MSWM staff at all levels is conducive to up-‐gradation of the existing treatment and disposal options. The 2043 horizon will require management of about 6000 TPD waste with state of the art reduction technologies for resource & energy recovery. Higher degree of mechanization and enhanced monitoring techniques will need to be employed. Emphasis will also shift to full consumption of treated waste products within the city limits. Emphasis will also be on reduction of residues to go into landVill.
CONCLUSION
� The city has taken multi dimensional approach to overcome the challenges of urbanization.
� The solution lies in using different technologies tailor made to solve the speciVic needs of the problems at local level.
� Citizen and Governance have come together and mutually agreed to execute solutions.
� Pune-‐ An Emerging ECO-‐Friendly City.
Thank You for patiently listening…
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