Chapter 2 — Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance

Pumping Apparatus Driver/ Operator Handbook

3rd Edition

Explain a systematic maintenance program.

Learning Objective 1

2–1

Comply with NFPA®standards

Who?What?When?

Method for reporting, correcting, and documenting

activities

Every department should develop SOPs for systematic apparatus maintenance.

2–2

Apparatus maintenance responsibilities will vary by jurisdiction.

2–3

Driver/operators often fix minor

deficiencies

Certified mechanics fix more complex

problems

NOTE

The AHJ will determine the assignment of maintenance and repair in each department.

2–4

Maintenance check at the beginning of

each tour of duty

Weekly or monthly detailed

inspection

Maintenance schedules vary by jurisdiction and differ based on staffing.

2–5

REVIEW QUESTION

What should systematic maintenance procedures specify?

2–6

Explain the importance of accurate documentation, reporting, and follow-up for apparatus inspections.

Learning Objective 2

2–7

Procedure for documentation and communication

Standardized written forms or computer programs

Filing system for storage, retrieval, and review of records

Inspection checklist for specific apparatus

Each jurisdiction should establish inspection and maintenance policies.

2–8

Discover needed repair

Document per policy

Notify supervisor

Follow up in

reasonable amount of

time

Take immediate action for serious issues

Driver/operators should follow established policy for documenting, reporting, and following up on repairs.

2–9

Documentation for warranty claim

Evidence for accident investigators

May assist when deciding to purchase or repair apparatus

Apparatus maintenance and inspection records serve several different functions.

2–10

REVIEW QUESTION

What are the functions of apparatus maintenance and inspections records?

2–11

Describe actions taken to ensure vehicle cleanliness.

Learning Objective 3

2–12

Clean apparatus

Easier to inspect

Promotes longer vehicle life

Cleanliness of apparatus and onboard equipment is an important part of any inspection and maintenance program.

2–13

Clean engine permits proper inspection for leaks

Diesel fuel leaves a gummy residue

Linkages, fuel injectors, and other controls in the engine become inoperable due to collection of dirt

Mechanical defects more obvious if undercarriage is clean

Components can be visualized more easily

Apparatus and equipment are easier to inspect if they are free of dirt and grime.

2–14

NOTE

While fuel injectors do not have external moving parts, they are still a source of collected dirt and oil. This area should be checked and cleaned.

2–15

Steam cleaning or high pressure washing

• May remove lubrication from chassis, engine, pump, and underbody

Complex network of wiring and connections• Use caution when employing high pressure cleaning

equipment• May be necessary to perform routine lubrication

Overcleaning the fire apparatus can have adverse effects.

2–16

Driver/operators must ensure that the entire apparatus is clean and well maintained.

2–17

Washing Interior cleaning

WaxingGlass care

REVIEW QUESTION

Why is inspection of apparatus easier if the apparatus is clean?

2–18

Summarize considerations for conducting an apparatus inspection.

Describe actions taken to ensure batteries are operable.

Learning Objectives 4-5

2–19

Systematic inspection procedure

SOPs

NFPA® Standards

Manufacturer recommendations

A systematic approach to apparatus inspection helps ensure that all required items are checked.

2–20

Operational readiness and pretrip road worthiness inspections are both conducted during a walk-around inspection.

2–21

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NOTE

IFSTA recognizes these descriptions as important minimum inspection points. The driver/operator is responsible to follow all jurisdictional laws, codes, and policies.

2–22

Observe the following when approaching a vehicle for inspections.

2–23

Make observations about body damage, leaks, or other visibly apparent issues

Observe terrain on which vehicle is parked

Make sure indoor inspection areas are well ventilated

Park vehicles outside for functional tests if weather permits

Chock the wheels of a parked apparatus

CAUTION

Diesel exhaust may contain up to 100 harmful chemicals and compounds. Do not run these engines in unvented areas for any period of time.

2–24

Condition Cleanliness Damage

Defects Functionality Leaks

Presence of or missing

items

Driver/operators should conduct a visual inspection of the apparatus on both sides of the vehicle.

2–25

Tread depth and

separationCupping

Excessive wear on sidewalls

Cuts

Dry rotting Cracks

Objects impaled in

the tire

Driver/operators should inspect vehicle tires and ensure that they are the correct type for the apparatus.

2–26

NOTE

The valve stem should not be cut, cracked, or loose. Valve stem caps should be in place.

2–27

Once the exterior examination is finished, driver/operators may inspect the interior of the cab.

2–28

Adjust mirrors

Adjust seats and seat belts

Start engine

Check dashboard instruments

Check miscellaneous equipment stored in the cab

Newer apparatus may be equipped with an electrical load management system.

2–29

Load Sequencer

Load Monitor

Insufficient free play

Clutch slips, overheating,

wear and tear

The adjustment of the clutch pedal should be checked in apparatus with a manual transmission.

2–30

Excessive free play

Clutch may not release completely

Driver/operators should inspect the steering system for proper adjustment and reaction.

2–31

Steering wheel play should be no more

than 10 degrees either direction

Manufacturer determined

Indicates maximum weight and tire pressure recommendation

Load apparatus, then compare with GAWR

Be aware of “overgrossed” vehicles

Be familiar with GVWR placards and how to maintain vehicles accordingly.

2–32

Not required to determine road

worthiness

Vital to maintain readiness for emergency incidents

Many jurisdictions store fire and rescue equipment in the front or rear of the cab.

2–33

Pumpers may be equipped with different braking systems depending on size and age of the apparatus.

2–34

Smaller or older apparatus

Hydraulic brakes

Larger or more modern apparatus

Air brakes

ABS

Evaluate

Apparatus brakes should be thoroughly tested at least annually.

2–35

Braking ability of apparatus in

motion

Parking brake when apparatus

is stopped

NOTE

IFSTA considers the air brake testing procedures outlined in this manual to be the minimum acceptable daily air brake test; other laws or departmental policies may prevail as more restrictive.

2–36

Engine compartment checks and maintenance should only be performed with the engine shut off.

2–37

• Fluid levels• Tilt cab controls• Cab latches

Inspect engine compartment according to SOPs

CAUTION

Before lifting the cab, be sure that there is adequate vertical clearance and secure all loose equipment in the cab.

2–38

NOTE

Many tilt cabs have inspection doors that allow a check of engine oil, coolant, and other fluids. However, the cab should still be lifted on a weekly basis for a thorough inspection of the engine compartment.

2–39

Newer apparatus may be equipped with systems for cleaner emissions from diesel engines.

2–40

DPF SCR

Periodically inspect the exhaust system

• Cracks or leaks• Exhaust pipe and insulation• Joints and flex pipes

Effective lubrication depends on

• Use of proper grade lubricant

• Frequency of lubrication

• Amount used• Method of

lubrication

To select the proper lubricant,

consider

• Requirements of the unit

• Characteristics of the lubricant

• Manufacturer’s recommendations

Oil selection

• Consult operator’s manual for oil type and location of fill ports and grease fittings

Proper chassis lubrication may help prevent costly repairs and reduce out-of-service time.

2–41

CAUTION

Use the proper oil for the engine as per manufacturer's recommendation. Failure to use the proper engine oil can lead to costly engine and emission system damage.

2–42

Chassis lubrication

• Be familiar with all fill points• Wipe fitting clean with a shop rag• Press end of lubrication gun fill hose onto

fitting• Operate pump handle until resistance is felt• Continue until all points have been filled

If chassis lubrication is the responsibility of the driver/operator, take the following steps.

2–43

NOTE

Continuing to pump after resistance is felt causes excessive pressure and may damage rubber grease seals.

2–44

Most modern truck batteries are maintenance free, but older apparatus may need more care.

2–45

Battery care• Check cable connections• Add distilled water to older

apparatus batteries, if required

• Keep clean• Check for cracks or leaks• Charge or jump-start if

necessary

WARNING

Batteries give off explosive hydrogen gas. Ventilate area when servicing. Wear safety goggles and acid resistant gloves. Exploding batteries can injure or kill.

2–46

NOTE

Newer apparatus may be equipped with an onboard charging system or jumper studs to facilitate jump-starting without directly accessing the battery.

2–47

At a fire or emergency scene

After a long road trip

It is prudent to perform some inspections after the apparatus has been operated for an extended period of time.

2–48

REVIEW QUESTION

When approaching a vehicle to be inspected, what should driver/operators observe?

2–49

Describe general fire suppression equipment maintenance procedures.

Learning Objective 6

2–50

Fire pumps are checked at regular intervals and inspected to detect deficiencies or failure.

2–51

Some checks done on as needed basis

DISCUSSION QUESTION

What are some checks that may need to be done on an “as needed” basis?

2–52

REVIEW QUESTION

Why should fire pumps be tested at regularly scheduled intervals?

2–53