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Psychiatric Psychiatric NursingNursing

The Heart of the Nursing The Heart of the Nursing ProfessionProfession

Outline of Psychiatric Outline of Psychiatric NursingNursing Fundamental Concepts of Psychiatric Fundamental Concepts of Psychiatric

nursingnursing The Definition of Psychiatric NursingThe Definition of Psychiatric Nursing The Scope of Psychiatric Nursing PracticeThe Scope of Psychiatric Nursing Practice Self-AwarenessSelf-Awareness Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical Framework

FreudFreud EriksonErikson PiagetPiaget SullivanSullivan FowlerFowler

Outline of Psychiatric Outline of Psychiatric NursingNursing The Therapeutic Nursing The Therapeutic Nursing

RelationshipRelationship The Therapeutic CommunicationThe Therapeutic Communication Modalities of Psychiatric CareModalities of Psychiatric Care

Psychiatric Settings- Therapeutic Psychiatric Settings- Therapeutic Environment Environment

Overview of Psychotherapy- therapeutic Overview of Psychotherapy- therapeutic modalitiesmodalities

PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacology Psychiatric Diagnostic TestsPsychiatric Diagnostic Tests

Outline of Psychiatric Outline of Psychiatric NursingNursing The Psychiatric Nursing ProcessThe Psychiatric Nursing Process

Psychiatric Assessment: History and Psychiatric Assessment: History and PEPE

Diagnostic ExaminationDiagnostic Examination Psychiatric Nursing DiagnosisPsychiatric Nursing Diagnosis Nursing PlanningNursing Planning Nursing ImplementationNursing Implementation Nursing EvaluationNursing Evaluation

Outline of Psychiatric Outline of Psychiatric NursingNursing Client Responses to illnessClient Responses to illness

Anxiety and CrisisAnxiety and Crisis AngerAnger HostilityHostility DepressionDepression Abuse Abuse ViolenceViolence SuicideSuicide Grief and LossGrief and Loss

Outline of Psychiatric Outline of Psychiatric NursingNursing

Psychiatric Disorders: AdultPsychiatric Disorders: Adult

1.1. Anxiety and Anxiety DisordersAnxiety and Anxiety Disorders

2.2. SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

3.3. Mood disorders Mood disorders

4.4. Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

5.5. Eating DisordersEating Disorders

6.6. Substance abuseSubstance abuse

7.7. Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorders


Psychiatric Disorders: Children and Psychiatric Disorders: Children and adolescentsadolescents

1.1. AutismAutism

2.2. ADHDADHD

3.3. Mental RetardationMental Retardation

4.4. Other disordersOther disorders


Psychiatric Disorders: OthersPsychiatric Disorders: Others

1.1. DementiaDementia

2.2. DeliriumDelirium

Ready Ready Colleagues?Colleagues?

by: Peter Glen L. Reyes, by: Peter Glen L. Reyes, PTRP,RN,MANPTRP,RN,MAN

Nature of Psychiatric Nature of Psychiatric Nursing Nursing

Let us first review Let us first review terms related to terms related to

Psychiatric Psychiatric NursingNursing


Mental HealthMental Health A state of emotional, psychological A state of emotional, psychological

and social wellnessand social wellness evidenced by evidenced by satisfying interpersonal satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept and coping, positive self-concept and emotional stability (Videbeck)emotional stability (Videbeck)

lifelong process of successful lifelong process of successful adaptation to a changing internal adaptation to a changing internal and external environmentsand external environments


Mental DisorderMental Disorder A clinically significant A clinically significant behavioral or behavioral or

psychological syndromepsychological syndrome or pattern that or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress, associated with present distress, increased risk of suffering, death, increased risk of suffering, death, disability and loss of freedomdisability and loss of freedom (Videbeck) (Videbeck)

Loss of ability to respond to environmentLoss of ability to respond to environment in ways that are in accord with oneself in ways that are in accord with oneself and society and society

Mentally Healthy PersonMentally Healthy Person

Accepts himselfAccepts himself Perceives realityPerceives reality Mastery of self and environmentMastery of self and environment AutonomyAutonomy Unifying, integrated outlook in lifeUnifying, integrated outlook in life


The DSM-TR IV The DSM-TR IV A taxonomy that describes all A taxonomy that describes all

mental disorders, outlining specific mental disorders, outlining specific diagnostic criteria for each based diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and researchon clinical experience and research

Clinicians utilize this Clinicians utilize this to diagnose to diagnose psychiatric disorderspsychiatric disorders

Purpose of DSM-TRPurpose of DSM-TR: : 1.1. Standard nomenclatureStandard nomenclature2.2. Defining characteristicsDefining characteristics3.3. Underlying cause of disordersUnderlying cause of disorders


The DSM-TR IV : Multi Axis The DSM-TR IV : Multi Axis ClassificationClassification

AXIS I-AXIS I- Major Psychiatric Disorders Major Psychiatric Disorders

AXIS II-AXIS II- Mental Retardation and Mental Retardation and Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

AXIS III-AXIS III- Current Medical Condition Current Medical Condition

AXIS IV-AXIS IV- Psychosocial and Psychosocial and Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems

AXIS V-AXIS V- Global Assessment of Function Global Assessment of Function


Historical People Worth Historical People Worth MentioningMentioning

1.1. Aristotle- the HumorsAristotle- the Humors

2.2. Freud- -Psychosexual theoryFreud- -Psychosexual theory

3.3. Kraeplin- symptomatic Kraeplin- symptomatic classification of mental disordersclassification of mental disorders

4.4. Bleuler- coined “schizophrenia”Bleuler- coined “schizophrenia”


Psychiatric Nursing in the Psychiatric Nursing in the PhilippinesPhilippines

GO and NGOs GO and NGOs Mental health programsMental health programs


Psychiatric Nursing in the PhilippinesPsychiatric Nursing in the Philippines

Mental HealthMental Health= = State of well beingState of well being, , where a person can realize his potential where a person can realize his potential

Mental Ill HealthMental Ill Health= = disturbancedisturbance of of thought, feelings and behaviorthought, feelings and behavior

Mental DisorderMental Disorder= = medically medically diagnosablediagnosable illness illness

Mental HygieneMental Hygiene= = ScienceScience which deals which deals with measures employed to promote with measures employed to promote mental healthmental health


Scope of Nursing PracticeScope of Nursing Practice Individual, family and Individual, family and

communitycommunity Healthy and ill person Healthy and ill person


Self AwarenessSelf Awareness The process by which the The process by which the nurse nurse

gains recognition of his/her own gains recognition of his/her own feelings, beliefs and attitudesfeelings, beliefs and attitudes (Videbeck)(Videbeck)

Initial nursing activity to do Initial nursing activity to do before practicing psychiatric before practicing psychiatric nursingnursing


Self AwarenessSelf Awareness This is accomplish This is accomplish through through

reflection, spending timereflection, spending time deliberately focusing on deliberately focusing on how one how one feelsfeels and what one and what one values or values or believesbelieves

Theoretical FoundationsTheoretical Foundations

Mental healthMental health -Psychiatric -Psychiatric treatment integrates concepts treatment integrates concepts and strategies from theories.and strategies from theories.

Theoretical frameworks are used Theoretical frameworks are used as guides for treatments as guides for treatments

These theories attempt to explain These theories attempt to explain human behavior, health and human behavior, health and mental illnessmental illness


Theoretical frameworksTheoretical frameworks allowallow the systematic organization of the systematic organization of

knowledgeknowledge guide data collectionguide data collection provide provide explanationsexplanations for assessed for assessed

behaviorsbehaviors guide guide care plancare plan development development provides provides rationalesrationales for interventions for interventions

andand determine determine evaluation criteriaevaluation criteria


Psychosexual- Psychosexual- Psychoanalytical Psychoanalytical TheoryTheory

Sigmund FREUDSigmund FREUD

Psychosocial Psychosocial TheoryTheory

Erik ERIKSONErik ERIKSON

Cognitive TheoryCognitive Theory Jean PIAGETJean PIAGET

Interpersonal Interpersonal TheoryTheory

Harry Stack Harry Stack SullivanSullivan

Moral TheoryMoral Theory KOHLBERGKOHLBERG

Spiritual TheorySpiritual Theory FOWLERFOWLER


Behavioral Behavioral TheoriesTheories

Pavlov and SkinnerPavlov and Skinner

Humanistic Humanistic Theories Theories

Maslow and Carl Maslow and Carl RogersRogers

Psychobiology Psychobiology theorytheory

Neuroanatomy and Neuroanatomy and physiologyphysiology