Download pdf - Proračun za 2005. godinu

Transcript
Page 1: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Status of the Croatian Nuclear

Energy Programme (CRONEP)

Željko Tomšić University of Zagreb

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

Regional Workshop on Establishing a National Position

and Decision Making

for a Nuclear Power Programme

Zagreb, Croatia, 7 - 9 September 2011

Page 2: Proračun za 2005. godinu

CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGY

AND NUCLEAR POWER

PROGRAMME

Page 3: Proračun za 2005. godinu

BASIC CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGY OBJECTIVES

National Energy Strategy is adopted by the Croatian

Parliament on October, 16th 2009.

The Croatian Energy Strategy has three basic energy

objectives:

— Security of energy supply;

— Competitiveness of energy sector;

— Sustainable development.

Page 4: Proračun za 2005. godinu

FOLLOWING 20-20-20 EU TARGETS

20% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020

in comparison to 1990;

20% of renewable energy sources in gross final

energy consumption in 2020;

10% shall be a share of renewable energy sources in

2020 used in all types of transport in comparison with

final gasoline and diesel fuel, bio fuel consumption in

road and railway transport and total electricity

consumption in transport;

9% decrease of final energy consumption in a period

by 2016 applying energy efficiency measures.

Page 5: Proračun za 2005. godinu

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROJECTIONS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

PJ

Other Sectors Transport Industry

46.1%

32.0%

22.0%

46.3%

33.0%

20.6%

2006 2020

Comparison of final

energy consumption

according to the

business-as-usual

projection with the final

energy consumption

after the

implementation of

energy efficiency

measures.

PJ 2006 2015 2020 Growth rate

2006 - 2020 2030

Consumption according to

Business as usual scenario 267.89 362.75 409.60 3.1 % 500.83

Consumption after

implementation of energy

efficiency measures

267.89 345.18 386.84 2.7 % 470.60

Reduction in final energy

consumption 0.00 17.57 22.76 / 30.24

Sustainable scenario of final energy consumption

Page 6: Proračun za 2005. godinu

CROATIAN ENERGY SECTOR

CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL

Poor domestic reserve of

fossil fuels,

but

Potentially transit country for

oil, natural gas and electricity;

Advantages of maritime country;

Potential and sites for:

— hydropower plants, wind

parks, biomass, geothermal,

solar,

—construction of underground

gas storages,

—underground CO2 storages,

—nuclear power plant,

—other power generation

facilities.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

Prod

uctio

n, 1

03t

Domestic production Oil import

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

10

6m

3

Domestic production Import

Estimated domestic gas production in Croatia

Estimated oil production in Croatia

No domestic coal reserves

Page 7: Proračun za 2005. godinu

NATIONAL TARGET

The Republic of Croatia has set the goal that in

the period until year 2020 the share in

electricity generation from large hydro power

plants and other renewable energy sources in

total electricity consumption is maintained at the

present level of 35%.

Page 8: Proračun za 2005. godinu

SECTORS OBJECTIVES FOR RES

Biomass31.5%

Biofuels10.8%

Hydropower- HPP28.2%

Hydropower- Small HPP1.2%

Wind energy12.2%

Solar energy5.9%

Biogas3.1%

Geothermal energy1.3%

Other energy(air, water)

5.8%

Structure of RES shares in 20% of gross final energy consumption in 2020

Sector Share of RES, %

Electricity 9.2

Transport 2.2

Heating and cooling 8.6

The goal is to use around 84 PJ of renewable energy sources in

2020

Page 9: Proračun za 2005. godinu

ELECTRICITY

Year 2006. 2010. 2020.

Growth rate of

consumption

2006. - 2020. (%)

2030.

Immediate consumption

according to the basis projection

(TWh) 15,0 18,0 27,0 4,3 36,9

Direct consumption towards a

sustainable scenario (TWh) 15,0 17,0 25,0 3,7 33

Total electricity consumption for

sustainable scenario (TWh) 17,3 20,0 28,0 3,5 36,8

Final electricity consumption and total electricity consumption in sustainable scenario

Installed capacity and starting up new plants

- 1,1 GW power

plants will be shut

down.

• 2,4 GW thermal

power plants

should be built to

cover consumption

and support

generation from

RES.

Page 10: Proračun za 2005. godinu

3 POSSIBLE SCENARIOS AND CO2 EMISSIONS

Even with nuclear option Croatia will have difficulties in meeting

internationally negotiating binding targets, CO2 reduction until 2020 in

comparison to 1990 while maintaining security of supply and

competitiveness.

Kyoto targetBase year

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

40,0

45,0

50,0

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

10

00

ktC

O2e

q

Emission 1990.-2005. 'Blue'' scenario 'Green'' scenario

'White'' scenario Kyoto target Base year

Blue scenario without

NPP (gas, coal, RES);

NPP after 2020 in

Green (gas,NPP,RES)

and White scenario

(gas,coal,NPP,RES);

After 2020 CCS

technology included.

Page 11: Proračun za 2005. godinu

NUCLEAR - PRESENT NATIONAL POSITION

National Energy Strategy is adopted by the Croatian

Parliament on October, 16th 2009 decided in favour of

launching the Croatian Nuclear Energy Program (CRONEP),

consistent with the IAEA methodology.

Before making the decisions on building the nuclear power

plant, it is necessary to perform preparation activities in

accordance with the International Atomic Energy Agency

(IAEA).

Decision on the construction of a nuclear power plant will be

taken by the Croatian Parliament.

It was primarily planned decision-making on building the nuclear

power plant by 2012, nowdays is not realistic but launching

nuclear program is necessary and is in the process.

Page 12: Proračun za 2005. godinu

National Position

The Program of Preliminary Activities

on CRONEP will be detailed in the

Strategy Implementation Programme

Strategy Implementation Programme –

in preparation – contains also a list of

preparatory activities of the Phase 1

Page 13: Proračun za 2005. godinu

The launching of the Croatian Nuclear Energy

Programme comprises two basic goals:

— providing for existence (co-existence) in

immediate vicinity of two nuclear power plants and

five nuclear reactors in NPP Krško and NPP Paks

— providing for preconditions required for

decision making and realization of nuclear

power plant construction.

Nuclear safety and public awareness will be

in the focus of the CRONEP.

ROLE OF CRONEP

Page 14: Proračun za 2005. godinu

EXPERIENCE IN NUCLEAR

The Republic of Croatia has previous nuclear experience and belongs to a group of countries that use nuclear power for energy purposes.

Hrvatska Elektroprivreda (Croatian Power Utility) is co-owner of 700 MW NPP Krško in Slovenia.

Croatian nuclear experience arises from: — more than 10 years of preparations and construction

of NPP Krško; — 28 years of successful operation of NPP Krško; — preparation for construction of the first NPP in Croatia

carried out until 1987 (NPP Prevlaka).

Positive influence of NPP Krško construction and operation is still present in the Croatian industry.

In 1987 NPP Prevlaka project was terminated after Chernobyl accident.

Page 15: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Tanja

Vir

Prevlaka

In Croatia a few nuclear sites were identified through intensive site selection processes carried out in 70-ies, late 80-ies and early 90-ies;

A site for low and medium level radioactive waste identified and included in the National Spatial Plan;

Now it is necessary to re-evaluate them but they were identified.

SITE – THE GREAT ADVANTAGE

Page 16: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Siting Regulation

Site Selection Criteria for thermal power plants and

nuclear facilities (1991) Elimination criteria

Comparative criteria

Ordinance on safety and security for siting, design,

construction, operation and decommissioning of

nuclear facilities (2008) Basic elimination criteria (7)

Special elimination criteria (16)

Comparative criteria (33)

New Act on radiological and nuclear safety (OG

28/2010) Site Selection is deregulated from the nuclear safety point of

view

New ordinance on site evaluation in preparation

Page 17: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overview of Current Human Resources

in Croatia to Support Nuclear Power

20-30 years ago Croatia had experienced nuclear staff

Knowledge achieved during two nuclear projects: Construction and operation of NPP Krško – jointly built with

Slovenian partners

Construction of NPP Prevlaka – project ceased in 1987, after Chernobyl accident

The biggest number of nuclear experts (nuclear power engineers) already retired

Lack of new nuclear projects in the last 20 years resulted in Multy skilled workforce – a number of ex-nuclear staff has been

involved in different areas of business today

Drop of interest of local industry for participation in relatively narrow range of jobs and services related to NPP Krško

Drop of interest of students for nuclear power courses

Page 18: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overview of Current Human Resources in

Croatia to Support Nuclear Power

Government

Ministry of Economy

Educational institutions

Scientific Institutions

Regulator = State office

for Radiation Protection

and Nuclear Safety

Consultants

National Industry

Operator = Croatian

Power Utility

Currently

25

employees

10-20

companies

with working

experience on

NPP Krško

Institute Ruđer

Bošković, …

Faculty of Electrical

Engineering and

Computing Zagreb

Domestic + foreign

+ Croatian

workforce from

NPP Krško (80

workers)

4 nuclear engineers

+ variety of

workforce in fields

needed to start with

PHASE 1

18

Page 19: Proračun za 2005. godinu

State Office for Radiological and Nuclear Safety established in 2010 based on Act on radiological and nuclear safety (OG 28/2010)

Took over all responsibilities from the former State office for radiation protection and State office for nuclear safety together with inspection of radiation sources which was located within Ministry of Health

Functionally and financially independent nuclear regulatory body

Act on radiological and nuclear safety (2010)

Details of licensing process for nuclear instalation will be presentend in separate presentation

Legal & regulatory infrastructure

Page 20: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overall development

In accordance with IAEA methodology, the aspects

covered by preliminary activities from PHASE 1 are the

following:

national status

nuclear safety

nuclear program management

program funding

legal framework

the proliferation issue

regulatory framework

environmental protection

protection against radiation

siting and infrastructure

electricity transmission network

human resources development

public communication

planning of crisis

safety and physical protection

nuclear fuel cycle

radioactive waste

inclusion of domestic industry, work and services

policy regarding the procurement of equipment and services.

Page 21: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overall development

Nuclear safety and Regulatory framework

Probably the most developed part of the

CRONEP

Favourable influence of two factors:

Existence of the nuclear regulator (State

office for radiological and nuclear safety)

Significant number of institutes, local

industry and individuals with previous

experience from NPP Krško operation have

already achieved safety culture

Page 22: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overall development

Electricity transmission network

A study on the circumstances in the Croatian power

grid in 2020 was carried out in 2008

Results:

Croatian Power System may easily withstand a

1000 MW NPP in 2020

Construction of 600 MW NPP will result in

shortage of power in 2020

1600 MW NPP will be too big for the Croatian

Power System in 2020

Page 23: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overall development

Public communication

A limited range of public surveys were conducted in the

past 3-4 years, mostly among student population

NEMIS - internet portal (www.nemis.zpf.fer.hr )

containing objective information on nuclear issues was

set up in 2009

During the process of preparation the National Energy

Strategy, positive aspects of nuclear energy were

recognized among participating parties

However, engagement of a professional

communication agency is inevitable in the near future

Page 24: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Overall development

Radioactive waste Croatia has obligation to find solution for half of the waste from NPP

Krško

National Strategy for Management of radioactive waste and

spent nuclear fuel (July 2009) – 3 options:

Fund for financing decommissioning of NPP Krško and

disposal of NPP Krško radioactive waste and spent

nuclear fuel established in 2007.

Project tasks for analysis these 3 options is defined

Joint CRO-

SLO

repositories

Export in 3rd

country

Repository in

Croatia

Page 25: Proračun za 2005. godinu

Thank you for your attention !

Plitvice Krka waterfalls

Zagreb


Recommended