Download pdf - Preparing citations

How to prepare citations for academic writing

GXEX1401: Lecture 11: Bibliographical Management

• Examples:

• APA Style (American Psychological Association)

• MLA Style (Modern Language Association of America)

• The Chicago Manual of Style

• Vancouver Style

Citation Style


•Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star trek chronology: The history of the future. New York, NY: Pocket Books.

APA

•Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Pocket, 1993.

MLA

•Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books.

Chicago

•Okuda M, Okuda D. Star trek chronology: the history of the future. New York: Pocket; 1993.

Vancouver


• Golob, N. (2008). Integration of education for sustainable development. ActaSystemica 8 (1), 27-32.

APA

• Golob, Nika. 2008. "Integration of education for sustainable development". ActaSystemica 8 (1): 27-32.

Chicago

• GOLOB, N. (2008). Integration of education for sustainable development. ActaSystemica 8, 27-32.

Harvard

• Golob, Nika. "Integration of Education for Sustainable Development." Acta Systemica8. 1 (2008): 27-32.

MLA

• Golob, Nika. 2008. "Integration of Education for Sustainable Development". ActaSystemica 8, no. 1: 27-32.

Turabian



Basically, there are two ways to cite

individual’s name:

with a family name or

surnames without a family name


• Begin with the surnames followed by comma and initials of the first names.

• e.g: Catherine Zeta Jones

• Write Jones, C. Z.

• Tan Pei Meng

• Write Tan, P. M.

• Christina Ooi Su Siang

• Write Ooi, C. S. S.

Authors with surnames

• Write down as it is given.

• Omit bin, binti, a/p, a/l, s/o, d/o.

• e.g: Hamzah Bin Dolmat

• Write Hamzah Dolmat

• Kumaran a/l Shamugam

• Write Kumaran Shamugam

Authors without family names


• Some Malay names have inherited titles eg. Raja, Tengku, Syed, Sharifah etc.

• Include the titles accordingly.

• e.g: Write Raja Malik Raja Mohamed

Malay Names With Inherited Titles

• Do not include conferred titles eg. Dr., Professor, Dato’, Tan Sri, Tun, Sir etc.

• Omit the titles and just write the names according to the rules which have been explained earlier.

• e.g: Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad

• Write Mahathir Mohamad

Malay Names With Conferred titles


• Write down all the authors’ names.

• Use comma after each name.

• Use the symbol ampersand “&” before the last author

• e.g:

• Clair N. Sawyer, Perry L. McCarty and Gene F. Parkin

• Write

• Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F.

Citation rules for more than two authors


• Write down ALL the six names according to the sequence.

• Use comma after each name.

• Write ‘…’ to represent the subsequent names; AND

• Write the last author

• e.g. :

• Samuel A. Wyatt, Stuart G. West, Ian Smith, John Tein, Martin Levine, Donald Parker, Larry Lengua and Robert L. Brumley

• Write

• Wyatt, S. A., West, S. G., Smith, I., Tein, J., Levine, M., Parker, D., … Brumley, R. L.

Citation rules for more than 7 authors


• Write in Malaysian Language

• Malaysian Book Publishers Association

• Write Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia

Malaysian Organisation

• write the country or the state followed by the department in Malaysian language

• e.g: Write Johor, Jabatan Alam Sekitar

Government Department (Malaysian)

• Lembaga Getah Malaysia

• Yayasan Sabah

Other Organisations with Unique Names


• Cite in English as it is known

• e.g :

• United Nations Centre for Regional Development

• Write United Nations Centre for Regional Development

International Organisation

• Write the country or the state followed by the department in English.

• e.g : Write Iran, Ministry of Education

Government Department (Foreign)


Write in Malaysian Language

Example :

Jabatan Fizik, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya

Write Universiti Malaya, Jabatan Fizik


Bibliographical Management:

Preparing List of References


• Standardized method of acknowledging information sources.

What is citation style?


References from electronic sources

References From Printed Sources


• Format:

• Author – If there is a family name, begin with the family name. (Year). Title of the book. Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Grainger, A. (1993). Controlling tropical deforestation. London, England: Earthscan.

Book – Single Author


• Format:

• Author 1, author 2, & author 3 – if there is a family name, begin with the family name.(Year). Title of the book. Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Cox, R. C., & Gould, M. H. (1998). Civil engineering heritage. London, England: T. Telford.

Book- More Than One Author


• Format:

• Corporate author. (Year). Title of book. Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Malaysia, Kementerian Sains, Teknologidan Alam Sekitar. (1990). Industrial technology development: A national plan of action. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: KementerianSains, Teknologi dan Alam Sekitar.

Book – Corporate Author


• Format:

• Author 1/2/3. (Year). Title of book. (Edition). Place of publication(State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Carlton, D. W., & Perloff, J. M. (1994). Modern industrial organization (2nd

ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins College Publishers.

Book with Edition


• Format:

• Editors. (Ed./Eds.). (Year). Title of book. Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Freeman, H. M. (Ed.). (1990). Hazardous waste minimization. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Edited Book


• Format:

• Author(s) of the article. (Year). Title of article. Title of journal, volume (no.), pages.

• Example:

• Chu, K. H., & Mohd Ali Hashim. (1995). Simulated counter-current adsorption processes: A comparison of modellingstrategies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 56(1), 59-65.

Journal Articles


• Format:

• Author(s) of chapter. (Year). Title of chapter. In Book editors (Ed./Eds.), Title of book (pp. page numbers). Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Damodarao, T., & Sastry, C. A. (1996). Water extraction from sea water aquifer. In C. A. Sastry (Ed.), Water treatment plants (pp. 437-444). New Delhi, India: NarosaPublishing House.

Book Chapter


• Format:

• Authors of conference papers. (Year). Title of conference papers. In Editors (Ed./Eds.), Title of proceeding (pp.- page number). Place of publication (State Name, Country Name): Publisher.

• Example:

• Jaynes, E. T. (1985). Microscopic prediction. In H. Hanken (Ed.), Complex systems in neurobiology and computers: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Synergetics at SchlossElmau, Bavaria, May 6-11,1985 (pp. 254-269). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

Published Conference Papers


• Format:

• Authors of conference paper. (Year, month). Title of conference paper. Paper presented at the name of conference, place.

• Example:

• Gaustad, J. (2005, April). Synthesis X-ray crystallography and biological activities. Paper presented at the International Conference on Chemistry, Mansoura, Egypt.

Unpublished Conference Papers


• Format:

• Author of project paper / thesis. (Year). Title of project paper/thesis. (Type of thesis). Name of University, Place of University.

• Example:

• Safiah Abdullah. (1996). The community structure of fish and prawns in small mangrove creeks in Sungai Sementa Kecil, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. (Unpublished master’s thesis). UniversitiMalaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Academic Exercise/ Theses


References from electronic sources

References From Electronic Sources


• Format:

• Author. (Year). Title of article. Title of journal, volume (no), page number(s). Retrievedfrom http:// URL address / DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

• Example:

• Borman, W. C., & Hanson, M. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved from doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.3.443.

Journal Articles From

Online Database


• Format:

• Author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, volume(no), page number. Retrieved from http:// URL address / DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

• Example: • Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, Mac 7). Cultivating positive

emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3 (1), 12-14. Retrieved from http://journals.apa.org/ prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html

Journal Articles From Internet


• Format:

• Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of article. Retrieved from http:// URL address / DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

• Example:

• Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved from Columbia University website: http://www.ilt.columbia .ed/publications/papers/ newwine1.html

Document From University Web Sites


• Format:

• Author – name of organisation. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrievedfrom http:// URL address / DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

• Example:

• Canarie, Inc. (1997, September 27). Towards a Canadian health IWAY: Vision, opportunities and future steps. Retrieved from http://www.canarie.ca/press/publications/pdf/health/healthvision.doc

Personal Document From

Organisation Web Site


• Indent or leave a space approximately 0.5 inch at the beginning of the second line and subsequent lines

• Example:

• Safiah Abdullah. (1996). The community structure of fish and prawns in small mangrove creeks in Sungai Sementa Kecil, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. (Unpublished master’s thesis). UniversitiMalaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Format Of Reference Listing


• Arrange all the references according to the alphabetical order of the first letter of each reference item.

Reference Listing Format
