Transformation of the U.S. International Exchange Service:

Project ReportJudy Mansfield

Beacher WigginsLibrary of Congress

Washington, DC USA

August 26, 2009

Purpose of International Exchange“The central idea in

international exchange is that each participating country will obtain official material from its exchange partner in order to provide it directly to its own domestic users.” Johannes Metz, IFLA, 1999

Authorizing Legislation• United States Code Title 44,

Section 1719– Enacted in 1968, amended in 1982

and 1986– Authorizes the Library of Congress

(LC) to exchange government publications with foreign governments

– Directs that up to 125 copies of all government publications be supplied to the Government Printing Office (GPO) for the purpose of this exchange

Transforming the International Exchange

Service (IES)Sustain the free flow of official versions of government publications in the new publishing environment

Transforming the IES

1)Modernize to reflect current publishing environment

2)Achieve flexibility to meet individual country needs

3) Improve access to U.S. digital content

Transforming the IES

4) Identify tools to ingest, archive, preserve, and provide access to digital content

5) Meet future collection development needs

Collaboration for Transformation

•LC - administrator of IES

•GPO - distributor for IES•Department of State -

agent for treaties

Assess Current State of the IES

• Confirm the IES process• Verify available

information on partners • Identify specific titles

exchanged• Review treaties and

agreements

U.S. IES Process• LC identifies its partners• LC identifies

print/microform publications to be distributed to its partners

• LC informs GPO of this information

• GPO distributes print/microform publications

Publications Currently Distributed• Many titles listed in

treaties are no longer published

• Distributions, based on Federal Depository Library Program lists, are of titles currently available

• Number of titles distributed is based on concept of approximately equal value

Publications Currently Received

• Review what is received– Quantity– Appropriateness for LC

collections• Determine what is

available in partner countries

Treaties and Agreements

• Active agreements with 124 institutions, including thirty active treaties

• Twenty inactive treaties

• Regional political changes

• Increased availability of government information on Web

Future Directions

• Supply authenticated digital documents for the repositories of partners

• Assure perpetual access to digital national government publications

New GPO System• Federal Digital System

(FDsys)– In time, to manage

government information from•Submitted digital files•Harvested digital files•Scanned print publications

• GPO Access– To run concurrently with

FDSys until migration is completed

FDSys 1

Content Management System

– Securely controls digital content throughout its lifecycle to ensure content integrity and authenticity

FDSys 2

Preservation Repository – Follows archival

system standards to ensure long-term preservation of and access to authenticated digital content

FDSys 3

Advanced Search Engine – Combines extensive

metadata creation with modern search technology to ensure the highest quality search experience

FDSys Content• Congressional Bills (103rd Congress

to Present)• Congressional Documents (104th

Congress to Present)• Congressional Hearings (105th

Congress to Present)• Congressional Record (1994 to

Present)• Congressional Reports (104th

Congress to Present)• Federal Register (1994 to Present)

FDSys Content (2)• Public and Private Laws (104th

Congress to Present)• Compilation of Presidential

Documents (1993 to Present)• Congressional Calendars (104th

Congress to Present)• Congressional Committee Prints

(105th Congress to Present)• List of Code of Federal

Regulations Sections (1997 to Present)

• Etc.

Digital Content Costs• All content available at

the GPO Access and FDSys sites is free to anyone and downloadable.

• Some U.S. Government information is not free, so LC will attempt to negotiate access at no-charge to its partners.

Intellectual Property Rights• LC will investigate

international copyright issues for U.S. Government publications that may affect the partner’s reproduction and distribution rights within the partner’s country.

Metz on Perpetual Access

“It will not do to have Internet access to foreign material if it remains uncertain how long documents will be retained…. Even if long-term access is secured, it might still be preferable to collect foreign public documents in electronic formats in order to have an independent … collection for future historical research.”

Perpetual Access• To ingest, archive,

preserve, and provide free perpetual access to the content of other national governments

• To provide backup archival copies in an additional location for preservation, if agreements can be negotiated

Models for Perpetual Access

• LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) IEX (International Electronic Exchange) Pilot Project

• GLIN (Global Legal Information Network)

Purposes of LOCKSS IEX • To test cost effectiveness

and feasibility of using LOCKSS to crawl and harvest e-journals and documents from German Government publishers

• To test a platform for long-term access and preservation

LOCKSS IEX Pilot Project Partners

• Bavarian State Library• German Federal Statistics

Office• German National Library• Humboldt University, Berlin• Library of Congress• Stanford University Library• State Library of Berlin• University of Regensburg

Library

LOCKSS IEX Pilot Project

• Crawls web sites of partner institutions

• Harvests e-journal content for monitoring and preservation by the partner institutions

• Links partner institutions in a closed network

GLIN• Implemented by Law Library

of Congress• United Kingdom law statutes

– Downloaded metadata and PDF files back to 1988 to GLIN

– Continue to add new content

Next Steps

for LC

LC’s Plans for 2009• Cease distinction between full

and partial set partners on October 1

• Verify available information on partners and the agencies that supply materials on their behalf

• Issue list of titles distributed by GPO on LC web site at http://www.loc.gov/acq

• Issue survey to partners

Survey Partners• In what format does partner

prefer to receive U.S. Government publications?

• Does partner download and archive U.S. Government digital publications?

• Does partner want to receive bibliographic data for U.S. Government publications?

LC’s Plans for 2010• Complete review of

treaties and agreements• Begin negotiations for

new agreements with existing partners

• Continue experimenting with LOCKSS IEX model

LC’s Long-Range Plans• Seek to re-establish

exchanges with inactive partners

• Identify new partners

• Determine a viable mechanism for ingesting, archiving, preserving, and providing access to digital content

Communications with Partners• This presentation• Survey of partners• Correspondence• LC web site athttp://

www.loc.gov/acq

Conclusion

•Current state of IES •Future directions

for IES•Next steps for LC•Follow the progress

of at http://www.loc.gov/acq

Contact Information• Judy Mansfield, Chief, U.S./Anglo

Division, juma@loc.gov• Beacher Wiggins, Director for

Acquisitions and Bibliographic Access, bwig@loc.gov

References• 44 USC 1719 (

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&docid=Cite:+44USC1719)

• Global Legal Information Network (GLIN) (http://www.glin.gov/search.action)

• GPO’s Federal Digital System (FDsys) (http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/)

References (2)• LOCKSS (http://

www.lockss.org/lockss/Home)

• Metz, Johannes. International Exchange of Official Publications, presented at the 65th IFLA Council and General Conference, Bangkok, 1999.