Download pdf - Piping codes, valve standards and ball valve selection B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012 Listed valves (table 326.1) - ASME B16.34 - Valves – Flanged, Threaded and Weld End MSS SP72 -

Piping codes, valve standards

and

ball valve selection

Ron Manson, March 2015

ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Valve Requirements for Piping Codes -

2

ASME B31.1 - Power Piping, 2014

ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012

ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries, 2012

ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2012

All the above codes list valves as a piping component.

See sections 101.1.1, 300.2, 400.1 & 803.2 respectively

ASME B31.1 - Power Piping, 2014

Listed valves (table 126.1) -

ASME B16.34 - Valves – Flanged, Threaded and Weld End

MSS SP67 - Butterfly Valves

MSS SP68 - High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design

Note: the list excludes cast iron and bronze valves

107 VALVES

107.1 General

(A) Valves complying with the standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1 shall be used

within the specified pressure–temperature ratings. Unless otherwise required in the individual

standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1, such steel valves shall be pressure tested

in accordance with MSS SP-61.

(B) Valves not complying with (A) above shall be of a design, or equal to the design, that the

manufacturer recommends for the service as stipulated in para. 102.2.2. Such valves shall

be pressure tested in accordance with MSS SP-61.

ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012

Listed valves (table 326.1) -


MSS SP72 - Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends

for General Service

API 608 - Metal Ball Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends


307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS

The following requirements for valves shall also be met as applicable by other pressure

containing piping components, such as traps, strainers, and separators. See also Appendix F,

paras. F301.4 and F307.

307.1 General

307.1.1 Listed Valves. A listed valve is suitable for use in Normal Fluid Service, except as

stated in para. 307.2.

307.1.2 Unlisted Valves. Unlisted valves may be used only in accordance with para. 302.2.3.

Unless pressure–temperature ratings are established by the method set forth in ASME

B16.34, pressure design shall be qualified as required by para. 304.7.2

ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems

for Liquids and Slurries, 2012

Listed valves (table 423.1.1) -


MSS SP68 - High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design

MSS SP72 - Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends

for General Service

API 600 - Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-welding Ends,

Bolted Bonnets, Twelfth Edition

API 602 - Steel Gate, Globe and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 and

Smaller for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, 9th Ed

API 603 - Corrosion-resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves-Flanged

and Butt-welding Ends, Eighth Edition

API 6D - Specification for Pipeline and Piping Valves, 24th Ed

API 6A - Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment


ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems

for Liquids and Slurries, 2012

404.5 Valves

404.5.1 General. Steel valves conforming to standards

and specifications listed in Tables 423.1-1 and 426.1-1 may be used. These valves

may contain certain cast, malleable, or wrought iron parts as provided for in API 6D.

Cast iron valves conforming to standards and specifications listed in Tables 423.1-1

and 426.1-1 may be used for pressures not to exceed 250 psi (17 bar). Care shall be

exercised to prevent excessive mechanical loading (see para. 404.4.8.3).

Working pressure ratings of the steel parts of steel valves are applicable with the

temperature limitations of -20°F (-30°C) to 250°F (120°C) (see para. 401.2.2.4).

Where resilient, rubber-like, or plastic materials are used for sealing, they shall be

capable of withstanding the fluid, pressure, and temperature specified for the piping

system.

404.5.2 Special Valves. Special valves not listed in Tables 423.1-1 and 426.1-1 shall be

permitted, provided that their design is of at least equal strength and tightness and

they are capable of withstanding the same test requirements as covered in these

standards, and structural features satisfy the material specification and test procedures

of valves in similar service set forth in the listed standards.

ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution

Piping Systems, 2012

Listed valves (table 423.1.1) -

ASME B16.33 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping

Systems up to 175 psi (Sizes NPS1/2 Through NPS 2)

ASME B16.34 - Valves — Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

ASME B16.38 - Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution: Manually

Operated, NPS 21 .2 (DN 65) to NPS 12 (DN 300),

125 psig (8.6 bar) Maximum

API 6D - Specification for Pipeline and Piping Valves, 24th Ed

API 6A - Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment


ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution

Piping Systems, 2012

831.1 Valves and Pressure-Reducing Devices

831.1.1 Valves Without Threads. Valves shall conform to standards and

specifications referenced in this Code and shall be used only in accordance

with the service recommendations of the manufacturer.

(a) Valves manufactured in accordance with the following standards may be

used: see previous list.

(b) Valves having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components

made of cast ductile iron in compliance with ASTM A395 and having

dimensions conforming to ASME B16.1, ASME B16.33, ASME B16.34,

ASME B16.38, ASME B16.40, or API 6D/ISO 14313 may be used at pressures

not exceeding 80% of the pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their

listed temperature, provided the pressure does not exceed 1,000 psig (6 900

kPa), and welding is not employed on any ductile iron component in the

fabrication of the valve shells or their assembly as part of the piping system.

(c) Valves having shell components made of cast iron shall not be used in gas

piping components for compressor stations.

Federal Codes for Transportation of

Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline

§192.145 Valves.

Link to an amendment published at 80 FR 181, Jan. 5, 2015.

(a) Except for cast iron and plastic valves, each valve must meet the minimum

requirements of API 6D (incorporated by reference, see §192.7), or to a national or

international standard that provides an equivalent performance level. A valve

may not be used under operating conditions that exceed the applicable pressure-

temperature ratings contained in those requirements.

(b) Each cast iron and plastic valve must comply with the following:

(1) The valve must have a maximum service pressure rating for temperatures that

equal or exceed the maximum service temperature.

(2) The valve must be tested as part of the manufacturing, as follows:

(i) With the valve in the fully open position, the shell must be tested with no

leakage to a pressure at least 1.5 times the maximum service rating.

(ii) After the shell test, the seat must be tested to a pressure not less than 1.5

times the maximum service pressure rating. Except for swing check valves, test

pressure during the seat test must be applied successively on each side of the

closed valve with the opposite side open. No visible leakage is permitted.

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=ecc3a912a352bd47a972be39ffa6d93e&node=20150105y1.26

Federal Codes for Transportation of

Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline

(iii) After the last pressure test is completed, the valve must be operated through its

full travel to demonstrate freedom from interference.

(c) Each valve must be able to meet the anticipated operating conditions.

(d) No valve having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components

made of ductile iron may be used at pressures exceeding 80 percent of the

pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their listed temperature. However, a

valve having shell components made of ductile iron may be used at pressures up to

80 percent of the pressure ratings for comparable steel valves at their listed

temperature, if:

(1) The temperature-adjusted service pressure does not exceed 1,000 p.s.i. (7 Mpa)

gage; and

(2) Welding is not used on any ductile iron component in the fabrication of the valve

shells or their assembly.

(e) No valve having shell (body, bonnet, cover, and/or end flange) components

made of cast iron, malleable iron, or ductile iron may be used in the gas pipe

components of compressor stations.

[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192-62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6,

1989; Amdt. 192-85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192-94, 69 FR 32894, June

14, 2004; Amdt. 192-114, 75 FR 48603, Aug. 11, 2010]

Federal Codes for Transportation

of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline

§195.116 Valves.

Link to an amendment published at 80 FR 186, Jan. 5, 2015.

Each valve installed in a pipeline system must comply with the following:

(a) The valve must be of a sound engineering design.

(b) Materials subject to the internal pressure of the pipeline system, including

welded and flanged ends, must be compatible with the pipe or fittings to which

the valve is attached.

(c) Each part of the valve that will be in contact with the carbon dioxide or

hazardous liquid stream must be made of materials that are compatible with

carbon dioxide or each hazardous liquid that it is anticipated will flow through

the pipeline system.

(d) Each valve must be both hydrostatically shell tested and hydrostatically seat

tested without leakage to at least the requirements set forth in Section 11 of API

Standard 6D (incorporated by reference, see §195.3).

(e) Each valve other than a check valve must be equipped with a means for

clearly indicating the position of the valve (open, closed, etc.).

(f) Each valve must be marked on the body or the nameplate, with at least the

following: Not shown in this presentation

http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=1b08e7cba4aada9d7fcffa7c470176c7&node=20150105y1.53

ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES

Comparison of Valve Standards API 6D vs API 608

12

API 6D INDEX

API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008

Description Sec Description Sec

Scope

This specification defines the requirements for the

design, manufacturing, assembly, testing, and

documentation of ball, check, gate, and plug valves

for application in pipeline and piping systems for the

petroleum and natural gas industries.

This specification is not applicable to valves for

pressure ratings exceeding Class 2500.

If product is supplied bearing the API Monogram

and manufactured at a facility licensed by API, the

requirements of Annex A applies.

Annexes B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, and O

are annexes that are used in order listed.

1.1

This standard specifies the requirements for

metal ball valves suitable for petroleum,

petrochemical and industrial applications that

have flanged ends in sizes NPS 1/2 through

NPS 20 (DN 15 through DN500); butt-welding

ends in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 20 (DN 15

through DN 500); socket-welding ends in sizes

NPS 1/4 through NPS 2 (DN 8 through DN 50);

threaded ends in sizes NPS 1/4 through NPS 2

(DN 8 through DN 50).

Corresponding to the nominal pipe sizes in

ASME B36.10M.This standard applies to metal

ball valves with pressure classes as follows;

flanged ends in Classes 150, 300 and 600 (PN

16, 25, 40 and 100);butt-welding ends in

Classes 150, 300 and 600 (PN 16, 25, 40 and

100); socket-welding ends in Classes 150, 300,

600 and 800 (PN 16, 25, 40 and 100); threaded

ends in Classes 150, 300, 600 and 800 (PN 16,

25, 40 and 100).

1

Conformance 1.2

Units of measurement Addressed 1.2.1 Not addressed

Rounding Addressed 1.2.2 Not addressed

Conformance with Specification Addressed 1.3 Not addressed

Processes Requiring Validation Addressed 1.4 Not addressed

ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES 13

API 6D INDEX



Normative references 2 2

Terms, Definitions, Acronyms,

Abbreviations, Symbols, and

Units

3 3

Terms and Definitions 3.1

Acronyms and Abbreviations Addressed 3.2 Not addressed

Symbols and Units Addressed 3.3 Not addressed

Valves types and configurations 4

Valve types Covers Ball, Gate, Check and Plug Valves. Example

of covered valve given (Valve Drawing) 4.1 Covers Ball Valves only (No valve Drawings) 1

Valve configurations

Full-opening valves shall have an internal

minimum cylindrical opening for categorizing

bore size as specified in Table 1. Minimum valve

bore values given, (NPS 0.5 - NPS 60). Obturator

and seat dimensions shall meet Table 1.

For valve not covered in Table 1, the size and

bore shall be by agreement and the manufacture

shall stamp the size and bore on the nameplate.

For Reduced-opening valves:

- valves NPS 4 (DN 100) to NPS 12 (DN 300):

one size below nominal size of valve with bore

according to Table 1,

- valves NPS 14 (DN 350) to NPS 24 (DN 600):

two sizes below nominal size of valve with bore

according to Table 1.

4.2

Flow passageway in this standard categorized

as full bore; single reduced bore and

double reduced bore.

Minimum cylindrical diameter for categorizing

bore size given, (NPS 0.25 - NPS 20)

5.2


API 6D INDEX



Design 5

Design standards and

calculations

In accordance with an internationally recognized

design code: e.g. ASME BPVC, Section VIII,

Division 1 or Division 2; ASME B16.34; EN 12516-

1 or EN 12516-2; and EN 13445-3.

5.1 Meet the requirements of Standard Class valves

per ASME B16.34 5

Wall Thickness Referenced from ASME B16.34 orASME Section

VIII. 5.1 In accordance to requirements of ASME B16.34

5.3.

1

Pressure and temperature rating

In ASME rating class. Pressure-temperature

ratings for class-rated valves is based per ASME

B16.34 and Class 400 valves is based per ASME

B16.5. Covers up to Class 2500 maximum.

NOTE: It is not required that identical material or

material form be used for body and bonnet or

cover parts.

Pressure-temperature ratings are based on

material group of valve's end connection. Where

the valve ends are made from material in two

different groups, the material with the lower

pressure–temperature rating shall govern. Valves

with flanged end(s) shall not be designed to an

intermediate rating due to the risk of the valve

being transferred to a different application, which

may utilize the full flange rating. Manufacturer shall

advise any limits on the design pressures and the

minimum and maximum design temperatures due

to nonmetallic parts.

5.2

Valve rating shall be the lesser of the shell rating

or seat rating. Valve shell rating shall be the rating

for the shell material as listed for Standard Class

in ASME B16.34. Covers up to Class 600 (Class

150, 300, and 600) for flanged and butt-welding

ends, and up to Class 800 (Class 150, 300, 600

and 800) for socket-welding and threaded ends.

1.2,

4

Sizes

International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

followed by the equivalent DN size between

brackets. Values given up to NPS 60" for class

150-600.

5.3 Nominal Pipe Size covers NPS up to NPS 20" 1.2


API 6D INDEX



Sizes

International Standard, NPS sizes are stated first

followed by the equivalent DN size between

brackets. Values given up to NPS 60" for class

150-600.

5.3 Nominal Pipe Size covers NPS up to NPS 20" 1.2

Ball-stem design and

construction Not addressed Contains Requirements for strength of ball to stem

connection and location of weakest part of stem 5.5

Packing glands and gland

bolting Not addressed

Requires adjustable packing glands 5.7

Face-to-face and End-to-end

Dimensions

Values given, or per ASME B16.10 for valve sizes

not specified. Tolererances of +/- 1.5mm for NPS

10 and smaller. Tolerance of +/- 3.0mm for NPS

12 and larger.

In some cases the support legs on some valve

designs may have to be extended beyond the end-

to-end dimensions to assure that the valve can be

safely supported. These extensions shall be able

to be removed if required after installation.

5.4

Face to face dimensions of flanged valves & end-to-

end dimensions of butt-welding end valves per

ASME B16.10 ball valves—long or short pattern.

End to end dimensions for threaded and socket

welding end valves - per manufacturers standard.

5.3.

2,

5.3.

3

Valve operation

Criteria which determine which type of operator

should be used:

1. Max. pressure differential (MPD)

2. Flow coefficient

3. Breakaway thrust or torque and the

breakaway travel or angle

4. Valve run thrust or torque

5. Max. allowable stem thrust or torque on the

valve

6. Number of turns for manually operated

valves

5.5

Requirements for manual operators - lever type

handles and gear operators - fitted with hand

wheels are stated.

5.8

Pigging Purchaser specify pigging requirements 5.6 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008


Valve ends

Flanged ends

Specified dimensions, tolerances, and finishes, including drilling templates,

flange facing, nut-bearing surfaces (i.e. spot facing and back facing),

outside diameters, and thickness (see Figure 1) shall be in accordance

with:

- ASME B16.5 for sizes up to and including NPS 24 (DN 600) except NPS

22 (DN 550)

- MSS SP-44 for NPS 22 (DN 550)

- ASME B16.47, Series A for NPS 26 (DN 650) and larger sizes

For valves with heavy wall sections, flanges with nut stops in accordance

with Mandatory Appendix 2, Figure 2-4 (Sketch 12 or 12a) of ASME

BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 may be required.

5.7.1

End flanges & bonnet flanges

- Dimensions and facing finish of end

flanges shall conform to ASME B16.5.

- Shall be cast or forged integral with the

body. Cast or forged flanges attached by

full penetration butt-welding may be used

if agreed to by the purchaser. Flanges

attached by welding -Paragraph 2.1.6

ASME B16.34.

5.3.

8

Welding ends

- Conforms to ASME B31.3, ASME B31.4, or ASME B31.8 5.7.2

Butt-welding ends

- Conforms to ASME B16.25

Socket-welding ends

- Conforms to ASME B16.11, minimum

wall thicknesses shall conform to Table 4

of ASME B16.34

5.3.

5,

5.3.

6

Alternate valve end connections

- specified by purchaser 5.7.3

Threaded ends shall have taper pipe

threads - ASME B1.20.1, minimum wall

thicknesses shall conform to Table 4 of

ASME B16.34

5.3.

7

Valve Cavity

Pressure Relief

Valve cavity relief pressure when added to the valve pressure rating shall

not exceed 133 % of the valve pressure rating at maximum specified

design temperature. To achieve a higher cavity relief pressure, the valve

shell shall be designed and tested to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell

test pressure. If a relief valve fitted to the cavity is required, purchaser may

specify provisions to facilitate in service testing. External cavity relief

valves shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) or larger. Cavity relief testing and

functionality may be demonstrated by tests in H.8.2 for trunnion mounted

ball valves and gate valves. Floating ball valve functionality may be

demonstrated by agreement.

5.8 Each valve shall be tested in accordance

with AP1 598 7.3


API 6D INDEX



Drains

Drilled and threaded unless otherwise specified. Tapered

threads shall be capable of providing a seal and comply with

ASME B1.20.1; Parallel threads shall comply with ASME

B1.20.1 or ISO 228-1. Minimum sizes shall be in

accordance with Table 2.

5.9 Drain, bypass or other types of auxiliary

connections - ASME B16.34

5.3.

10

Injection points

For sealant, lubrication, or flushing may be provided for

seats and/or stem. When provided, the injection points shall

incorporate a check valve and a secondary means of

isolation for each injection point. Sealant fittings shall have a

design pressure not less than the greater of the pipeline or

piping valve rated pressure and the injection pressure.

5.10 Not addressed

Drain, vent and sealant lines

• Drain and vent lines shall:

- Have design pressure not less thn the rated pressure of

the valve on which they are installed

- Be capable of withstanding the hydrostatic shell test

pressure of the valve

- Be designed in accordance with a recognized design code

- Be suitable for blow –down operation

• Sealant lines design pressure not less than the greater of

the pipeline valve rated pressure and the injection pressure

5.11 Not addressed

Drain, Vent, and Sealant Valves

• Drain and vent block valves shall have a rated pressure

not less than the valve on which they are installed and be

suitable for blow-down operation.

• Block and check valves fitted to sealant injection lines shall

be rated for the greater of the pipeline valve rated pressure

& the injection pressure defined in 5.10

5.12 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX



Handwheels and

Wrenches — Levers

Max force to apply the breakaway torque or thrust shall not

exceed 360N.

Wrenches shall not longer than twice the face to face/ end to

end dimension.

Handwheel diameter shall not exceed 40in (1065 mm).

Spokes shall not extend beyond the perimeter of the

handwheel.

Direction of closing shall be clockwise.

5.13

Length of lever handle or the gear ratio. Efficiency

and handwheel diameter of gear operators shall be

designed so that required input force to fully open

and close valve shall not exceed 360N when

operating at maximum published torque (5.5.3).

Handwheel on manual gear operators - marked to

indicate the direction of opening and/or closing.

Lever type handles parallel to ball bore (indicates ball

bore position). If round or oval directed mounted

handwheel , means of indicating ball bore position is

included in handwheel design. Direction of closing

shall be clockwise.

5.8.

3,

5.8.

7

Locking Provision

Purchaser specification.Locking devices for check valves shall

be designed to lock valve in open position only. Locking devices

for other types of valve shall be designed to lock the valve in the

open and/or closed position.

5.14

Valves furnished with a lockable device that accepts

a purchaser-supplied padlock - allows the valve to be

locked in both the fully open and fully closed

positions.

Lockable device designed such that a lock with a

5/16-in. (8-mm) diameter shank, not more than 4.0

in. (102 mm) long can be inserted directly through

hole(s) in lockable device and locked.

5.8.

11

Position of the

Obturator

Except for check valve, position of the obturator shall not be

altered by dynamic forces of the passing flow or in the case of

screw operated gate valves by forces generated from internal

pressure.

5.15 Not addressed

Position Indicators

Position indicator shall be in line with the pipeline when the

valve is open and transverse when the valve is closed. Valves

without position stops shall have provision for the verification of

open and closed alignment with the operator/actuator removed.

5.16

An indication of the position of ball bore of the valve

shall be integral with the valve stem. This indication

may be by permanent marking to the top of the stem,

or by shape of exposed stem portion.

5.8.

8

Travel Stops

Provided on valves which do not require mechanical force to

effect a seal and/or operator and they shall be located at the

position of the obturator in the open and closed position.

Guidance for travel stops by valve type provided in Annex D.

5.17

Position stops shall be provided for both fully open

and fully closed positions of valve. Position stops

integral with packing gland, gland flange or gland

bolting shall not be used.

5.8.

5,

5.8.

12


API 6D INDEX API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008


Actuator, Operators,

and Stem Extensions

Output of the actuator shall not exceed the stress limits of the valve

drive train permitted by 5.20.2. Actuator sizing and mounting kits

shall be in accordance with API 6DX. Operators, stem extensions

and their interfaces shall be sealed to prevent ingress of external

contaminants and moisture.

5.18 Not addressed

Lifting

The manufacturer shall determine the need for and verify suitability

of lifting points of the valve. The purchaser shall specify when lifting

points on the valve are not required.

5.19 Not addressed

Drive Trains

Design thrust or torque to be at least 2x breakaway thrust or torque.

Design stresses for tensile stress, shear stress (including torsional

shear stress) and bearing stress shall comply with ASME BPVC,

Section VIII.

Average primary shear stress across a section loaded under design

conditions in pure shear, e.g. keys, shear rings, screw threads, etc.,

shall be limited to 0.6 Sm.

The maximum primary shear under design conditions, exclusive of

stress concentration at the periphery of a solid circular section in

torsion, shall be limited to 0.8 Sm.

The drive train shall be designed such that the weakest component

is outside the pressure boundary.

5.20

The torsional strength of both the stem-to-

ball connection and the portion of the stem

within the pressure boundary (below top of

packing) shall exceed the torsional strength

of the stem portion above the pressure

boundary (above the top of the packing) by

at least 10 %. The stem and the ball-to-stem

connection shall have no occurance of

permanent deformation and failure of any

part when the torque applied is equal to the

greater of:

- 15 ft-lbs (20 N-m), or

- twice the manufacturer’s maximum

published torque.

The manufacturer’s maximum published

torque shall be based upon clean, dry air

service at the maximum differential pressure

rating of the valve.

5.5.

2

Stem Retention

Valves shall be designed to ensure that the stem does not eject

under any internal pressure condition or if the packing gland

components and/or valve operator mounting components are

removed.

5.21

The valve shall be designed to insure that if

a failure occurs at the stem-to-ball

connection or of the stem itself within the

pressure boundary, no portion of the stem is

ejected by internal pressure.

5.5.

1

Fire Type-testing If specified, shall be per one of the following: API 6FA, API 6FD,

API 607, or ISO 10497. 5.22 Per API 607 10


API 6D INDEX



Antistatic Device

Soft-seated ball, plug, and gate valves shall have an

antistatic device.The electrical resistance between the

obturator and the valve body and between the

stem/shaft and the valve body shall be measured

using a direct-current power source not exceeding 12

V. The resistance shall be measured on dry valves

before pressure testing and shall not exceed 10 ohm.

5.23

Valves shall incorporate an antistatic feature that insures

electrical continuity between the stem and body of valves ≤

NPS 2 and between ball, stem and body of valves > NPS

2. The anti-static feature shall have electrical continuity

across the discharge path with a resistance not exceeding

10 ohms from a power source not exceeding 12VDC when

type tested on a new, dry, as-built valve after open-close

position cycling of the valve at least 5 times.

5.4

End Flange Face

Interruptions Not addressed

Defines the allowable disruptions on the flange gasket

face:

- Ring shaped radial gaps in the faces of end flanges of

flanged ball valves, located in the sealing surface of a

centered ASME B16.20 spiral-wound gasket, shall not

exceed 0.030 in. (0.75 mm); see dimension b on Figure 1.

An example of this condition is the radial gap that exists

between the outer diameter of a body insert and the inner

bore of the body end flange of a valve as shown in Figure

B.1

- For ball valves designed with a body insert as shown in

Figure B.1, with a gasket seating face outer diameter

located within the sealing area of a centered ASME B16.20

spiral-wound gasket, the body insert flange face shall not

protrude beyond the valve body end flange face. The body

insert flange face shall not be recessed below the body

end flange face by more than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm). See

dimension a on Figure 1.

5.9


API 6D INDEX

API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER

2008


Materials 6 6

Material Specification

Issued by the manufacturer and address the following: material

grade; chemical analysis; heat treatment; mechanical properties

(tensile); certification to report all items listed in 6.1.

Other requirements of the material specifications shall be as

follows, if applicable: carbon equivalent (CE); Charpy impacts;

hardness; testing. Pressure containing parts shall be per 5.2.

Guidance on selection of material suppliers is given in Annex E.

6.1

Shell per ASME B16.34. Trim, stem

seals, body seals, and gaskets shall

have properties at least equal or

better than shell material. Threaded

plugs shall have same nominal

composition as shell material. Higher

material grades may be specified by

purchaser.

6

Tensile Test Requirements

Tensile test specimens shall be removed from a test coupon

(TC) after final heat-treatment cycle, and shall be performed per

ASTM A370 or ISO 6892-1. Minimum of one tensile test shall be

performed. All yield strengths shall be determined using 0.2 %

offset method. Results of tensile test(s) shall satisfy the

applicable material specification requirements. Otherwise, two

additional tests on two additional test specimens (removed from

same TC with no additional heat treatment) may be performed.

The result of each of these tests shall satisfy the applicable

requirements.

6.2 Not addressed

Service Compatibility

All process-wetted parts, metallic and non-metallic, and

lubricants shall be suitable for commissioning fluids and service

specified by purchaser. Metallic materials to avoid corrosion and

galling.

Elastomeric materials for valves intended for rapid gas

decompression gas service Class 600 and above to consider

explosive decompression.

6.3 Not addressed

Forged Parts

All forged material(s) shall be formed using a hot-working

practice and heat treatment that produces a forged structure

throughout the material.

6.4 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX


2008


Materials 6 6

Composition Limits

The chemical composition of carbon steel welding ends shall

meet the following requirements.

- The carbon content shall not exceed 0.23 % by mass.

- The sulfur content shall not exceed 0.020 % by mass.

- The phosphorus content shall not exceed 0.025 % by mass.

- The carbon equivalent (CE) shall not exceed 0.43 %.

6.5 Not addressed

Toughness Test

Requirements

All carbon, alloy steels and non-austenitic stainless steel for

pressure-containing parts with design temperature below -20 °F (-

29 °C) shall be impact-tested using the Charpy V-notch technique

per ASTM A370/ISO 148-1. Striker of 8mm shall be used when

using ISO 148-1. Bolting material tests will meet requirement of

ASTM A320. Impact values for full-size specimens of duplex or

super duplex stainless steels are as follows:

a)average of three specimens: 33 ft lb (45 J) minimum;

b)no single specimen less than 26 ft lb (35 J);

c)Impact test temperature shall be –50 °F (–46 °C).

Requirements for impact test results for full size specimens given

in Table 3.

If a test fails, then a retest of three additional specimens removed

from the same TC, with no additional heat treatment, may be

made, each of which shall exhibit an impact value equal to or

exceeding the required average value.

6.6 Not addressed

Bolting

Carbon/low-alloy steel bolting material with hardness exceeding

HRC 35 (HBW 321) not valid for valve applications with possible

hydrogen embrittlement.

6.7

Bolting shall be intermediate strength

as per ASME B16.5 as a minimum;

pruchaser may specify higher grades

of bolting materials

6.3

Sour Service Shall meet NACE MR0175 or ISO 15156 (all parts) or NACE

MR0103, purchaser to specify the standard to be used. 6.8 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014

API 608, 4TH

EDITION,

DECEMBER 2008


Materials 6 6

Drain Connections Threaded plugs shall be compatible with the valve body material or made from a corrosion-resistant material. 6.9 Not addressed

Heat-treating Equipment

Qualification

All heat treating of parts and TCs shall be performed with “production-type” equipment. "Production-type" heat-treating equipment shall be

considered equipment that is routinely used to process production parts. All heat treatment for mechanical properties shall be performed

using furnaces calibrated in accordance with Annex F. Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) shall be performed with heat-treat equipment

meeting the requirements specified by the manufacturer. Furnaces shall be calibrated and surveyed at least annually, records shall be

maintained for a minimum of five years.

6.10 Not addressed

Welding 7

Welding Consumables

Shall conform to the American Welding Society's or manufacturer's specifications. The manufacturer shall have a written procedure for

storage and control of welding consumables. Materials of low-hydrogen type (including electrodes, wires and fluxes) shall be stored and

used as recommended by manufacturer of welding consumables to retain their original low-hydrogen properties.

7.1 Not addressed

Welding Procedure and

Welder/Welding

Operator Qualifications

Welding shall be as per ASME BPVC, Section IX, or ISO 15607, ISO 15609, and ISO 15614-1. Welders and welding operators shall be

qualified per ASME BPVC, Section IX or ISO 9606-1, or EN 287-1. All qualifications documented in PQR. PWHT performed in accordance

with applicable material specification or design code.

Weld overlay shall be as per ASME BPVC, Section IX, Articles II and III or ISO 15614-7. Chemical analysis of the weld metal shall be as

per ASME BPVC, Section IX at the minimum overlay thickness as specified by manufacturer for the finished component. Weld overlay or

clad welding with nickel-based alloy UNS N06625, the thickness chemical composition shall meet one of the classes listed below:

— Class Fe 10: iron mass fraction 10.0 % maximum; or

— Class Fe 5: iron mass fraction 5.0 % maximum, when specified by the purchaser.

For all other composition, the chemical analysis of the weld overlay or clad welding shall conform to the manufacturer’s written specification.

7.2 Not addressed

Impact Testing On valves with design temperature below -29 °C (-20 °F). HAZ testing per ASME BPVC, Section IX or ISO 9606-1, ISO 15607, ISO 15609,

ISO 15614-1, and ISO 15608. Also per ASTM A370 or ISO 148-1 using the Charpy V-notch technique. 7.3 Not addressed

Hardness Testing Hardness testing shall be as per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103. Hardness surveys shall be performed on BM,

WM and HAZ per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103, 7.4 Not addressed

Repair

Weld repair of forgings and plates shall not be performed to correct material defects, unless otherwise agreed. However, weld repair can be

used to correct machining errors. The weld repair shall be in accordance with the applicable material standard, including any PWHT, if

applicable.

7.5 Not addressed

Repair of welds Shall be performed as per applicable design code or standard listed in 5.1. 7.6 Not addressed

Quality Control 8

NDE Requirements

Final surface (MT and PT) and ultrasonic (UT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment or postweld heat treatment. Final radiography

(RT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment, unless otherwise agreed.

Shall be selected from the list in accordance with Annex G if specified by the purchaser.

8.1 Not addressed

Measuring and Test

Equipment Dimension, pressure, and temperature measuring equiptment specifications are given 8.2 Not addressed

Qualification of

Personnel NDE personnel and welding inspector qualifications are given 8.3 Not addressed

NDE of Repairs Excavated area examined by MT or PT methods in accordance with Annex G. Repair welds examined using the same NDE method that

was used to detect the defect with a minimum of MT or PT. The final NDE activities conducted after post weld heat treatment 8.4 Not addressed

Weld End NDE Acceptance criteria per clauses G.24, G.26, or G.27, 8.5 Not addressed

Visual Inspection of

Castings

Per MSS SP-55 as a minimum, with the following acceptance criteria:

— Type 1: none acceptable;

— Type 2 to 12: A and B only.

8.6 Not addressed

Quality Specification

Levels (QSLs)

Annex J describes the QSLs including specific requirements for NDE, pressure testing, and documentation of the manufacturing process if

specified by the purchaser. 8.7 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX

API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION,

DECEMBER 2008


Pressure Testing 9 7.3

General

Tested with seating/sealing surfaces free from sealant except where sealant is

primary means of sealing. The water temperature shall not be greater than

100 °F (38 °C) during the testing period. Supply pressure shall be isolated

from the valve being tested and shall be stabilized prior to the start of pressure

testing duration. The pressure measuring device shall be installed in the test

apparatus in such a manner that the device continuously monitors/records the

test pressure of the valve assembly.

9.1 Tested according to API

598 7.3

Stem backseat test 1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 °F (38 °C), no visually detectable

leakage permitted. 9.2 Not addressed

Hydrostatic shell test

1.5 times pressure rating for material at 100 °F (38 °C), no visually detectable

leakage permitted.

When the valve has been designed to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell test

pressure per 5.8, the shell test pressure shall be 1.5 or more times the higher

design pressure at 100 °F (38 °C).

When performing a higher hydrostatic shell test and the valve is flanged, the

hydrostatic shell test shall be performed with bore sealing plugs to ensure the

flanges are not subjected to test pressures greater than 1.5 times the valve

flange rating.

If pipe pups are to be welded to the valve as part of the final assembly, the

pressure rating of the pipe pups may be insufficient for the hydrostatic-shell

test pressure, then the pups shall be welded to the valve following the valve-

shell test and the valve and pup(s) tested at a pressure lower than the

hydrostatic shell test not to exceed the test pressure of the pipe pups.

9.3 Not addressed

Hydrostatic seat test

1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 °F (38 °C).

Acceptance criteria:

- Soft-seated valves and lubricated plug valves: Per ISO 5208, Rate A (no

visible detectable leakage)

- Metal-seated valves (except check valves): Per ISO 5208, Rate D

- Metal-seated check valves: Per ISO 5208, Rate G

9.4 Not addressed


API 6D INDEX


2008


Testing of Drain, Vent, and

Sealant Injection Lines

Subject to hydrostatic test in accordance with 9.3. Lines may be tested

seperately at test pressure in 9.3. The final assembly connection is

subjected to hydrostatic test in 9.3.

9.6 Not addressed

Draining Valves drained/dried/lubricated before shipment where applicable. 9.7

Prior to packaging or shipping, each

valve shall be drained of test fluid,

including draining of the body cavity

area between seats and around ball,

and cavities of “cored balls” if used.

9.1

Coating/Painting

For non-corrosion resistant valves only. Preventative measures shall

be taken to assure no foreign material enters internal cavity of valve.

Corrosion-resistant valves, flange face and actuator mounting flange

sealing surfaces, weld bevel ends, and exposed stems shall not be

coated (refer to Annex L). Corrosion protection shall be provided using

the manufacturer’s documented requirements for flange faces, weld

bevel ends, exposed stems, and internal surfaces of valve.

10

Valves manufactured with shell

materials shown in ASME B16.34

Group 1 shall have lead-free rust

preventative coatings on all

unmachined exterior body surfaces

9.2

Marking

Valves shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of Table

7. Certain criteria may be ommitted if size/shape limits. The nameplate

shall be attached to the valve body; however, based on valve design

the nameplate may be attached to the bonnet/cover or end connector

at the option of the manufacturer. For valves smaller than NPS 2 (DN

50), nameplate may be attached to valve with stainless steel wire, but

may be ommitted only by agreeement. Marking on the body

closure/end connector and bonnet/cover shall be not less than 0.25 in.

(6 mm). The nameplate minimum letter size shall be 0.125 in. (3 mm)

on valves sizes NPS 2 (DN 50) and larger. For all valves NPS 1.5 in

(DN 38) and smaller, the nameplate letter size shall be per the

manufacturer's standard.

11

The identification plate(s) shall be

attached to the valve body by welding

or by pins made from same materials

allowed for identification plate. Per

ASME B16.34. Special markings

required for unidirectional valves.

Shall be marked as "API 608".

8


API 6D INDEX

API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION,

DECEMBER 2008


Preparation for Shipment

Plug, ball, and reverse-acting through-conduit gate valves shall be

shipped in the fully open position, unless fitted with a fail-to-close

actuator. Other gate valve types shall be shipped with the gate in the

fully closed position. Check valves NPS 4 (DN 100) and larger shall be

shipped with disc secured or supported. Valves shipped with stem

extensions and without an operating mechanism shall have the annular

space closed and the stem extension secured to the outer housing.

12

Drained of test fluid including

body cavity area between seats

and around ball. If export

packaging is not specified,

package to prevent damage

during shipment. If specified,

shipped in wooden boxes or

crates and packed to prevent

individual valves from moving

9

Documentation

Required documents and conditions specified. A certificate of

conformance to this specification shall be supplied together with the

valves by manufacturer.

13 Not addressed

Facility Requirements 14

Minimum Facility Requirements

for the Assembler Category of

Manufacturing

The assembler (see 3.1.1) shall have on-site equipment and personnel

to perform the required processes needed to produce the products

under the scope of this specification as identified in Table 8.

14.1 Not addressed

Activities Applicable to an

Assembler Facility

The activities for an assembler and applicable locations are given in

Table 8. 14.2 Not addressed


Comparison of Valve Standards API 6D vs API 598

NOTE

Per 6.4.3 of API 598: When closure testing gate, plug, and ball valves, a method of testing seat leakage shall be used that fills and

fully pressurizes the body cavity to the test pressure between the seats and the bonnet area, as applicable, with the test fluid.

Trunnion mounted ball valves cannot be seat tested to API 598 as the cavity is required to be pressurized.

TEST CRITERIA

API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009) API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST 2014)

Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves

(≤ Class 4500) Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves

(≤ Class 2500)

HYDROSTATIC

SHELL TEST

Requirement Required for Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug

Valves Required for Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves

Test Medium Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity

≤ water) Fresh water (may contain corrosion inhibitor -

antifreeze)

Temperature Range 41˚F - 122˚F (5˚C - 50˚C) 100˚F (38˚C) (Max)

Test Pressure

For ductile iron and cast iron (Refer to Table 1)

For Steel:

x 1.5 testing pressure as per ASMEB16.34

x 1.5 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34

Test Duration See attached Table 2

Acceptance Criteria No visible leakage through pressure boundary walls & fixed

body joint. No visible leakage permitted.


TEST CRITERIA




(≤ Class 2500)

BACKSEAT

TEST

Requirement Applicable for gate and globe valves only. Applicable for valves with backseat features.

Test Medium Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid

(viscosity ≤ water) Fresh water (may contain corossion inhibitor -

antifreeze)


Test Pressure High Pressure: x 1.1 max allowable pressure

Low Pressure: 60 - 100 psig x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34


Notes 'e' and 'f' per tables 1 & 2 are in error as a floating ball or

a butterfly valve cannot be double block bleed.

Acceptance Criteria No visible leakage permitted. No visible leakage permitted.


TEST CRITERIA

API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009) API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST

2014)



(≤ Class 2500)

LOW

PRESSURE

CLOSURE

TEST

Test Low Pressure Closure Test Low-pressure Gas Seat Testing

Requirement

Ball

Valve

(Floatin

g or

Trunion)

NPS ≤ 4 & ASME Class ≤ 1500; or

NPS > 4 & ASME Class ≤ 600

NPS ≤ 4 & ASME Class >

1500; or

NPS > 4 & ASME Class >

600

Optional

Floating Trunnion Floating Trunnion

Required Required Required Optional

Gate,

Plug,

Globe,

Check

Valve

NPS ≤ 4 & ASME Class ≤ 1500 or



1500 or


600

Required: Gate, Plug

Optional: Globe, Check, Lubricated Plug Optional


TEST CRITERIA




(≤ Class 2500)

LOW

PRESSURE

CLOSURE

TEST

Test Medium Air / Inert gas Air / Nitrogen


Test Pressure 60 - 100 psig Type 1 / Type 2 (Pneumatic Test)

Type 1: 5 - 14.5 psig

Type 2: 80 - 100 psig


Acceptance Criteria Visible leakage through disk, behind seat rings or past shaft

seals is not permitted. (See attached Table 3)

The acceptable leakage rate for low-pressure

gas seat testing shall be:

- Soft-seated: No visible leakage.

- Metal-seated: ISO 5208, Rate D (See attached

Table 4)


TEST CRITERIA

API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009) API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST

2014) Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves


(≤ Class 2500)

HIGH

PRESSURE

CLOSURE

TEST

Test High Pressure Closure Test Hydrostatic Seat Test / High-pressure

Gas Seat Testing

Requirement

Ball

Valve

(Floating

or

Trunion)

NPS ≤ 4 & ASME Class ≤ 1500; or



1500; or


600

Required: Hydrostatic

Optional: Pneumatic (Gas)

Floating Trunnion Floating Trunnion

Optional (Required: if valves

specified to be double block and

bleed valves.)

Optional

(Required: if

valves

specified to be

double block

and bleed

valves.)

Optional

(Required: if

valves specified

to be double

block and bleed

valves.)

Required

Gate,

Plug,

Globe,

Check

Valve

NPS ≤ 4 & ASME Class ≤ 1500 or



1500 or


600

Required: Globe, Check, Lubricated Plug

Optional: Gate, Plug Required

Test Medium Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity ≤ water) Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain

corrosion inhibitor - antifreeze)

Pneumatic: Inert gas


Test Pressure x 1.1 max allowable pressure at 100˚F x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME

B16.34


TEST CRITERIA




(≤ Class 2500)

HIGH

PRESSURE

CLOSURE

TEST

Test Medium Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity ≤

water)

Hydrostatic: Fresh water (may contain corrosion

inhibitor - antifreeze)

Pneumatic: Inert gas


Test Pressure x 1.1 max allowable pressure at 100˚F x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34


Hydrostatic Seat Test:

High-pressure Gas Seat Testing:


TEST CRITERIA




(≤ Class 2500)

HIGH

PRESSURE

CLOSURE

TEST

Acceptance Criteria Visible leakage through disk, behind seat rings or past shaft seals

is not permitted. (See attached Table 3)

Hydrostatic Seat Test:

Soft-seated: No visible leakage

Metal-seated (except check valves): ISO

5208, Rate D (See attached Table 4)

Metal-seated check valves: ISO 5208, Rate

G (See attached Table 4)

High-pressure Gas Seat Testing:

Soft-seated: No visible leakage

Metal-seated (except check valves): ≤ 2x

ISO 5208, Rate D (See attached Table 4)

Metal-seated check valves: ISO 5208, Rate

EE (See attached Table 4)

Additional Seat

Testing Not addressed

1) If the purchaser specifies the

functionality for the valve to be that of

double block and bleed (DBB) valves, the

test described in H.9 shall be performed.


functionality for the valve to be that of

double isolation and bleed (DIB-1), both

seats bidirectional, the test described in

H.10 shall be performed.


functionality for the valve to be that of DIB-

2, one seat unidirectional and one seat

bidirectional, the test described in H.11

shall be performed.


API 598 Test Tables

Table 1

Table2


API 598 Test Tables

Table 3


ISO 5208 Table 4


Valve Selection Summary-

API 608 for floating ball valves only –

API 608 mandates testing to API 598 and section 6.4.3 does

not allow for testing of a trunnion ball valve.

API 6D for floating & trunnion ball valves, slab & expanding gates,

plug and check valves