Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationShivani Patel

The Photosynthesis Equation

Cellular Respiration Equation

Notice Anything? The photosynthesis equation is the cellular

respiration equation, but backwards. Photosynthesis makes the sugar. Through cellular respiration, we turn in

into energy. All living things contain a form of glucose

also known as sweet sugar. “Glu” means sweet “Cose” means sugar

Light Light is important. Very important. Light is a form of electromagnetic

energy. Green light is reflected. Red and blue are mainly absorbed. Primary colors are green, red, and blue. NOT yellow, magenta (red), and cyan (blue).

Chloroplast and Chlorophyll Chloroplast has an

important role. It has chlorophyll that

capture’s the sun’s rays. Inside chloroplasts are

thylakoids that are disc-like.

They trap the sun’s rays. Chlorophyll is a chemical

found inside the chloroplast giving its green pigment.

Process of Photosynthesis It doesn’t happen overnight. There are 2 main steps. First- light dependent reaction (Calvin cycle) It turns light into ATP Second- light independent reaction– it

doesn’t necessarily mean that it happens at night.

It happens when ATP is turned into glucose.

Cellular Respiration How living organisms turn glucose into energy There are byproducts like water and carbon

dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste. CO2 mixes with water helping maintaining the

blood’s pH (around 7.5). Too much carbon dioxide causes to pH to

lower, so CO2 has to leave on a continuous process.

Footnotes Glucose: A simple, 6 carbon sugar that

serves as the primary energy source ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): The

major energy currency of the cell. NADH and FADH2: High energy electron

carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

Stages of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Fermentation (ONLY FOR ANAEROBIC

CELLULAR RESPIRATION) Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis The first stage is glycolysis in aerobic and

anaerobic cellular respiration. An easy way to think about it is splitting

sugars. It occurs in the cytoplasm. It breaks glucose down to two pyruvic acid or

pyruvate. This stage doesn’t require oxygen. This stage requires 2 ATP and produces 4

ATP.

Fermentation Aerobic? Anaerobic? Fermentation takes NADH to produce

NAD+. This stage makes nothing, no energy or

ATP.

Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle

This step uses the pyruvic made in the glycolysis stage.

It produces ATP and several molecules of NADH AND FADH2.

This stage produces 2 ATP.

Electron Transport Chain The chain is made using FADH2 AND

NADH (made in the previous cycles). The electron transport chain makes a

proton gradient that makes the production of 34 ATP.

It takes place in the mitochondria matrix.

ReviewBy the way, Cellular Respiration produces a total of 38 ATP.