Pastoralism, payments for ecosystem services (PES) and ecosystem-based

adaptation

Philip OsanoBEST Project Policy Maker, Practitioner, Community User and Researcher

Workshop, Nairobi, 13 August 2013

Presentation Outline

1.Background – Analytical Framework

2.Study Sites in southern Kenya Drylands

3.Drought Assessment

4.PES Effect in relation to 2008-09 Drought: Coping Strategies

5. Synergies and Trade-offs

Conservancy effects and Coping and Risk mitigation

1. A

naly

itcal

Fra

mew

ork

2. S

tudy

Site

s

2. S

tudy

Site

s

Site Kitengela Mara Ol Kiramatian

Conservancy/ PES program

The Wildlife Conservation Lease (WLP)

Olare Orok and Naboisho Conservancies

Ol Kiramatian Conservancy

Conservancy area (ha, 2010)

16,700 30,666a 21,612

Protected area Maasai Mara National Reserve

n/a

Rainfall (mm.yr-1) 370-800(bimodal)

877 - 1341(bimodal)

350-600 (bimodal)

Land Tenure Private Private Communal

PES Landuse regulations

Restrictions on land sale, subdivision, fencing and cropping

Restriction on land sales, settlements, livestock grazing

Land use zonation (irrigated crops, wildlife and grazing)

Conservancy funding model

Public funding (Direct payments)

Market (Direct payment)

Market (Indirect payment)

Characterisation of Study Sites

3. D

roug

ht A

sses

smen

tFindings in 3 study sites

• Differences in the occurrence, frequency and intensity of droughts in the two study sites

• Extreme and severe droughts are increasing but are localised in the two study sites

• The 2008-2009 drought was Severe in both study sites

3. D

roug

ht A

sses

smen

tKitengela

3. D

roug

ht A

sses

smen

tMaasai Mara

3. D

roug

ht A

sses

smen

tOl Kiramatian

4. P

ES

Effe

cts

in r

elat

ion

to 2

008-

09

Dro

ught

Olare Orok and Kitengela PES Schemes

4. P

ES

Effe

cts

in r

elat

ion

to 2

008-

09

Dro

ught

Olare Orok and Kitengela PES Schemes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

8.34787276875585

0.9596027378875322.4023620990471

79.8886055563012

2.442625150986440.9394712119178632.872097705006042.14736277009799

36.71

0.48

11.05

18.74 17.4414.86

0.710000000000001 0

WLP 2009

OOC 2009

Expe

nditu

re o

n PE

S In

com

e (%

)37%

30%

33% Basic Needs

Human Capital

Livestock and Products

OOC

BASIC NEEDS

HUMAN CAPITAL

LIVESTOCK AND

PRODUCTS

5. S

yner

gies

and

Tra

de-O

ffsInteractions in PES rules and Coping

StrategiesConservancy effect Income Land Management Ecosystem Services

Wildlife BiomassSite/Coping strategyMara

Mobility +/- +/- ++Diversification +/- +/- ++ ++

Water infrastructure ++Land markets +/- +/-

KitengelaMobility ++ +/- ++

Diversification +/- +/- ++ ++Water infrastructurea ++

Land markets +/- +/-Ol Kiramatian

Mobility ++ +/- ++Diversification ++ ++ ++ ++

Water infrastructure ++Land markets ++ +/-

Notes: ++: synergies; +/-: synergy and trade-offs; --: trade-offs

5. S

yner

gies

and

Tra

de-O

ffsSynergy: Fencing and mobility

Thank YOU ALL