On Next Generation Networks and Applications

Wen-Tsuen ChenDepartment of Computer ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityJune 13, 2005

Presented in IDPT 2005, Beijing

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Outline Milestones of Networks Internet Applications Switched networks Wireless networks Next Generation Networks Next Generation Applications Some Research Results Conclusions

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Arpanet introduced in 1969 TCP/IP, by V. Cerf and R. Kahn, in 1974 Ethernet, by R. M. Metcalfe et al., in

1976 Cellular telephones in 1978 PC introduced in early 1980s Proliferation of LANs and hence the

Internet in mid 1980s Mosaic browser in 1993 and World-Wide

Web Consortium in 1994

Milestones of Networks

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Internet Applications Genesis to Early 80s

Email, ftp, telnet Late 80s

News, bbs, distributed and parallel computing Early 90s

Gopher, WWW, hypertext Late 90s

On-line game, auction, stock quotes, sports, horoscopes, headlines, weather, video conference, Internet TV, VPN, VoIP, P2P

Early 00s Mobile VoIP, mobile VPN, location-based service,

MMS

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Internet Trends Today's Internet will evolve into the

dominant network delivering all forms of data, voice, and video to anyone anywhere at anytime.

Handset will evolve as the major device for computing and communications.

Everyone will use Internet. Infotainment will be one of the major

applications.

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Everything over Internet VoIP 、 FAX 、 TV 、 Broadcast

Net surfing by handset, PDA, home appliances Shopping

Internet TV: GoToWatch

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Switched Network

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Switched Network Transmitting data from source to

destination through intermediate switching nodes

Switching nodes are not concerned with the content of the data

Switching nodes move data from node to node until they reach their destinations

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Packet Switching Data are transmitted in blocks, called

packets Long message is broken up into a series

of packets Packet

header: control information payload: data

At each switching node, the packet is received, stored, and passed on to the next node

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Peer-to-peer networking

• Client/server vs. peer-to-peer• Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa, BitTorrent• 70% of the traffic on ISP networks• >5 billions music files and >5 millions games

downloaded in 2003• 400K ~ 600K movies/day• Skype VoIP

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Evolution of Wireless Networks

Personal Area Networks (PANs) Wireless Local Area Networks

(WLANs) Public wide-area (high-tier) cellular

radio systems Mobile Satellite Networks

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Wireless systems: bit rates vs. coverage areas

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Personal Area Networks (PANs) Short-range low-power radios Bluetooth

three power classes with coverage ranges up to approximately 10 meters, 50 meters, and 100 meters, respectively

support bit rates up to about 720 Kbps HomeRF IEEE 802.15

support data rates over 20 Mbps

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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

Typically use the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio frequency bands

ISM bands in the United States 900-MHz band (902-928 MHz) 2.4-GHz band (2400-2483.5 MHz) 5.7-GHz band (5725-5850 MHz)

IEEE 802.11: the most widely adopted WLAN standard

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IEEE 802.11 A family of standards that defines the physical

layers (PHY) and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer

IEEE 802.11: infrared (IR) radio frequency (RF) in the 2.4-GHz ISM band 1 or 2 Mbps

IEEE 802.11b: 11 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11a: 54 Mbps in the 5.7-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11g: 54 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11i: security IEEE 802.11e: QoS (quality of service) IEEE 802.11f: Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP)

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Public WLANs Provide significantly higher data rates

than wide-area wireless networks Could take advantages of both WLAN

and wide-area radio technologies to create new services and reduce networking costs

Public WLANs are the first wave of all-IP radio access networks

New and innovative business models for providing public mobile services

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Worldwide WLAN sales

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1G Wireless Networks Became commercially available in the early 1980s Analog radio technologies and circuit-switched

transmission and networking technologies Main service: circuit-switched voice Lack the ability to support roaming between

different network operators Three main 1G radio system standards

Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) in North America

Total Access Communications Services (TACS) in the United Kingdom

Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in Nordic countries

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2G Wireless Networks Emerged in the early 1990s Digital signal processing and

transmission technologies (increased radio capacity and spectrum utilization, enhanced voice quality, reduced power consumption, etc.)

Standards for core networks In addition to circuit-switched voice,

enabled the first waves of mobile data and mobile Internet services

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3G Wireless Networks Significantly increase radio system

capacities and per-user data rates over 2G systems

Support IP-based data, voice and multimedia services

Enhance quality-of-service (QoS) support

Improve interoperability

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Fundamental Principles of 3G

Core networks will be based on IP technologies

Evolutionary rather than revolutionary

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Evolution of network technologies from 1G to 3G

Analog, Circuit Switching(No autonomic roaming)

Digital, Circuit Switching(greater capacity, less powerconsumption, better quality, greater roaming capability, more secure)

Digital, Circuit and Packet Switching(IP core, greater roaming capability)

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IP Core Network

3G Radio Access Networks

Public Wireless LANs

Wireless PANs

2G Radio Access Networks Other Radio Access Networks

Enterprise Wireless LANs

Wireless IP network supporting heterogeneous radio technologies

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IP-Based Wireless Networks The core network will be based on IP

technologies. A common IP core network will support

multiple types of radio access networks. A broad range of mobile voice, data, and

multimedia services will be provided over IP technologies to mobile users.

IP-based protocols will be used to support mobility between different radio systems.

All-IP radio access networks will increase over time. The first all-IP radio access networks that have emerged in public wireless networks are public WLANs.

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Evolution of Public Mobile Services & Applications

First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging

Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services

Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services

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First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging

SMS (Short Message Services) provided over the completely circuit-

switched 2G networks delivered using Mobile Application

Part (MAP) in GSM networks SMS allowed mobile users to

become familiar and comfortable with mobile data services

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Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services

Interactive and information-based mobile Internet services

i-Mode: launched by NTT DoCoMo over PDC in February 1999 emails and instant messages commercial transactions directory services daily information entertainment

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Growth of i-Mode Subscribers

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i-Mode Most successful mobile data service

3 million subscribers at the end of 1999 17 million subscribers at the end of 2000 30 million subscribers at the end of 2001 33.5 million subscribers at the end of 1st

Quarter of 2002 Running on 9.6 kbps packet data

capability in PDC networks

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i-Mode Services Sending and receiving email/message Transaction: banking, ticket reservation, credit

card bill inquiry, trading, etc. Database: dictionary, restaurant guide, mobile

telephone directory, mobile recipes, etc. Daily information: news, weather reports,

transportation information, town information, etc.

Entertainment: Karaoke, FM on-air information, network games, horoscope, etc.

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Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services

Camera phones Multimedia Messaging Services

(MMS) Networked gaming Location-based services Streaming videos to mobile devices Vehicle information systems

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Circuit-switched voice and data(low speed)

Circuit-switched voice and data,Richer data services (e.g., SMS)Limited Internet access and applications(higher speeds for data services)

Broad range of voice, data, and multimediaapplications; Seamless access to the Internet;Seamless roaming between differentradio systems

Evolution of mobile services

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Motivations for IP-Based Wireless Networks

IP-based wireless networks are better suited for supporting the rapidly growing mobile data and multimedia services.

IP-based wireless networks bring the successful Internet service paradigm to mobile providers and users.

IP-based wireless networks can integrate seamlessly with the Internet.

IP-based radio access systems are becoming important components of public wireless networks.

IP technologies provide a better solution for making different radio technologies transparently to users.

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Growth of mobile voice and non-voice services

Source: Telecompetition Inc., February 2001

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Terminals

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Terminals (cont.)

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Terminals (cont.)

Source: Qualcomm

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Next Generation Applications

Electronic Commerce Distance Education Digital Libraries Webcasting Telemedicine Collaborative Research

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Distance Learning

Digital Library

Distance Learning

Video ConferenceElectronic Commerce

Telemedicine

Electronic Government

Information Network

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CommunicationsNetwork

Electronic Commerce

Server

CommercialInformation Providers

PBX

Commercial - Agent

FinancialInstitute

On-line Shopping

Manufacture

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CommunicationsNetwork

Telemedicine ApplicationsUniversity/ResearchInstitute

Medical ResearchDatabase

Emergency wirelesscommunications

Remote Clinic

MultimediaDBMS

EmailServer

ConferencingBridge

VideoServer

Multimedia Application Servers

Hospital

Remotediagnostics

MultimediaPatient record

database

ImageProcessing

Wireless LANPatient Chart(Pen based)

MedicalTraining/

Conferencing

• Basic Application Groups - Conferencing: For Remote Diagnostics, Medical Training & Conferencing - Messaging: For Communication - Information Retrieval: For Access To Medical Research Database - MMDB: For Patient Record Image Processing - Wireless WAN Access: For Emerging Mobile Communication - Wireless LAN: For In- Hospital communication• End-To-End System Integration is Important

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Next Generation Networks

High bandwidth Quality of Service support Mobility support Security Network management

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Some Research Results

Project on Next Generation Information Networks and Applications First Phase: April 2000 ~ March 2004 Second Phase: April 2004 ~ March 2008 Total Budget: US$ 20 Millions More than 30 professors and 200 graduate

students from National Tsing Hua Univ. and National Chiao Tung Univ. involved

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Systems & applications

Network Core Tech. Wireless Tech.

Project Goals

Key technologies for next generation information networks and applications

Three main focuses ：

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Transportation Analogy

Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

Backbone Network(Core Network)

Metropolitan(Local Network)

Intersection(router)

Local Router

Core Router

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Mount Jade to Hsinchu City

Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

WirelessNetwork

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Applications and Services

Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

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Mobile users

Network

Network Core

technologies

Wireless Technologies

Systems & Applications

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Focus I ：Network Core Technologies

Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

Switching Technology

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1. High-speed Switch Proposed a high-speed switching architecture

based on Birkhoff-von Neumann network 100% maximum throughput widely referenced in course materials

A prototype 8 x 8 switch with capacity of 64 Gbps implemented with .13um IC technology

Adopted by Stanford team to design 100Tb/sec switches

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Birkhoff-von Neumann

switch

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N

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Load-balancing

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2. Expandable High-speed Service Router

High-speed backplane (16 Gbps) Service Modules (Gigabit Ethernet)

Bandwidth management Network security module Contents filtering Mobility management

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GE URL Filtering system has been deployed in 16 GigaPoP

卓越計畫成果發表會 (2004/3/30), 聯合報

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Focus II ：Wireless Technologies

Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

Heterogeneous Mobile networking Roaming, QoS, and Security

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Integrated Mobile Comm. System

網際網路無線隨意網路

行動通訊網路

無線區域網路Mobile Management

Quality of Service

Security Authentication

WLANs

MANETs Internet

Cellular Network

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1. Mobile and Routing Technologies

Roaming between GPRS and WLAN Adopted by Taiwan Cellular Co.

Integrated PHS/GPRS and Ad Hoc Networks

Indoor and outdoor positioning and services

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PHSBase

Station

GPRSBase

Station

Internet

802.11AccessPoint

LaptopLaptopLaptop

PHSHandset

GPRSHandset

PDAPDA

PCS Core Network Ethernet

Integrated PHS/GPRS and Ad Hoc Networks Two-tier architecture Mobile routers

Seamless handoff (Mobile IP support)

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2. Security Authentication Integrated authentication for WLAN and

GSM/GPRS WLAN users use SIM card for authentication

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Highway I

Highway III

Speedway

Focus III: Systems and Applications

Multi-Modal searching in the Internet

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1. Intelligent Poem reading and Learning Web station for stories appearing in

poems of Tang Dynasty ( 唐詩典故 ) 9698 stories in the web Data representations

分典故、相關人物、相關典故、同義典故、參見典故、典故出處、出處內容、連接全唐詩詩作例句、全文的選項

Story markers 用法別、相關典故、

參見典故、相關人物、典故內容朝代、典故出處及原文、同義典故

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Different modes of access Wireless PDA: access according to Number of strokes Name of origin

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By Sound:

唐詩宋詞語音檢索 背書機、依韻入詩

By Meaning: 蘇軾寫過一首詩，把西湖比喻成古代某個美麗的女

子，請問是那一首？ 用「西湖」及「女子」二個語意概念來找 〈飲湖上初晴後雨〉

「水光瀲灩晴方好，山色空濛雨亦奇　欲把西湖比西子，淡妝濃抹總相宜」

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2. Multi-modal multimedia searching

Searching a film

Input Output

Searching an image

output

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Searching a movie

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Searching a song Multi-modal music

searching engine: Catalog, name of song, a piece of song, rhythm of song, or even just sequence of beats

First prize of Microsoft .NET & XMLWeb Service competition in Taiwan, second prize in Asia (2002 、 2003)

World first 8/16-bit microprocessor-based platform for rhythm recognition

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3. Network Services Website for aborigines 「飛鼠部落」 :

Distinguished Teaching and Service to Aborigines awarded by the 3rd International Conference on Information Literacy and Life Long Learning Society

English Translation of the contents of the website by the Ministry of Education

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Aborigines Culture Heritage Services of the Website:

On-line registration Itinerary Planning Tour guiding with PDAs On-line postcards

Computer Education for K to 12 students Alleviate social divide

Training culture and science boy/girl tour guides

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Conclusions

Vision for the Next Generation Internet:

In the 21st Century, the Internet will provide a powerful and versatile environment for business,

education, culture, and entertainment. Sight, sound, and even touch will be integrated through

powerful computers, displays, and networks. People will use this environment to work, bank, study, shop, entertain, and visit with each other.

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Whether at the office, at home, or on travel, the environment will be the same. Security, reliability, and privacy, will be built in. The customer will be able to choose among different levels of service

with varying prices. Benefits of this environment will include a more agile economy, a greater choice of places to live and work, easy access to life-long

learning, and better opportunity to participate in the community, the Nation, and the World.