OARE Short Course

Short Course Table of Contents • Introduction to OARE including background, registration & copyright• Searching Strategies• Using OARE homepage• Searching for articles in OARE - Environment Index

• Searching for articles in OARE - Scopus• Searching for articles in OARE -Environmental

Science and Pollution Management – CSA • OARE Training material • Appendix: Access problems and solutions for full-text articles

Introduction to OAREProgramme Objectives

• Increase access to high-quality, relevant literature in environmental sciences

• Improve research in environmental sciences and related disciplines

• Improve the quality and effectiveness of education and training

• Increase environment-related policy for the benefit of the population

What is OARE?• OARE = Online Access to Research in the Environment OARE is an Internet based portal • Provides free or low cost access to major scientific and

peer reviewed journals, e-books, databases, and other scientific materials in environmental sciences .

• Launched in October, 2006.• Several thousand institutions are registered from over

one hundred countries• Has 3900 journals from more than 150 of the world’s

leading academic publishers• Full-text coverage from 1997 onward in most cases

Eligible Countries

Partners – R4L Programs• Major Publisher Partners - Blackwell Publishing,

CABI, Elsevier, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Oxford University Press, Nature Publishing Group, Springer Verlag, John Wiley & Sons

• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)• Yale University & Cornell University• World Health Organization (WHO) & Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

• Microsoft

Eligibility Overview• 109 countries qualify • Institutions in the public sector or with a not-

for-profit status qualify for free access to the full-text articles in OARE’s online collection.

• Institutions must register (just once) to receive a username and password

• Check with your information or communication officer to receive the username and password that gives you full access to OARE and full-text articles

Country Eligibility Overview• Country eligibility is based on GNI per capita (as of 01 January 2011).• Free access is available to institutions in countries with

a GNI per capita of $1600 or less• Access to those with GNI of between $1601 and $4700

is at a yearly subscription of $1000 for each institution• 70 countries are currently eligible under the Band 1

countries (those with GNI of $1600 or less)• 37 countries are currently eligible under the Band 2

countries (those with GNI of between $1601 and $4700.)

Institution Eligibility Overview• All OARE users may browse collection and journal

abstracts without log in. (You may still have full-text access through the OARE website if your institutions subscribe to the journals.)

• To view, download and print the full-text articles, users must be registered and must login first

• Login may only be done by registered institutions• Students, faculty and staff at eligible, registered

institutions can access full-text articles and other OARE resources.

OARE: User Agreement

• All registered institutions will sign a User Agreement covering: –Use of the OARE password–Copyright and Fair Use

• Agreement shall be available in your institution

Use of the OARE Password

• Do Please Share OARE username and password with colleagues, students, faculties in your institution

• Do not Share with those from outside the institution

• Do not Use outside the country

Copyright and Fair Use

• Same as typical copyright and fair use principles: It is OK, for example, to:– Download or print up to 15% of a journal issue

or book – Use material for educational purposes (course

packs or reserves)– Make copies for institution members or

students• Always credit sources• Be cautious but sensible

Abuse of Publisher Privileges

• It is NOT OK to:– Charge for documents, except for cost recovery for

teaching materials – Post content to websites or blogs that are publically

accessible– Change content– Download all articles from a single issue

• Violations result in the INSTITUTION or ENTIRE country denied access until the problem is resolved.

Exercises

Complete exercises #1 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Planning a Search Strategy

Example (Steps 1-4) – health problems AND water pollution

1. Ask: What health problems are associated with water pollution? 2. Need: scholarly primary research 3. Main Concepts: health, water, pollution4. Select terms:

– Broader terms: ‘health’, environmental degradation’, ‘agricultural management’,

– Synonyms: health, illness, disease, etc.water, rivers, lakes, sea, domestic water, etc.pollution, ‘oil spills’, chemical, biological, toxicity, etc

– Alternative spellings: none– Plurals: river(s), lake(s), disease(s)– Capitals: e.g. name of a specific lake, disease, region

5. Select a Source

6. Search: construct a search using the appropriate commands and best practices

Question: What health problems are associated with water pollution?

Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

health pollutionwaterproblems

5. water6. H2O

3. problems4. complications

1. health2. wellbeing

9 = 1 OR 2 10 = 3 OR 4 11 = 5 OR 6 12 = 7 OR 8

7. pollution8. contamination

13 = 9 AND 10 AND 11 AND 12

7. ReviseReview and refine you search

• be prepared to review/revise your search• keep your search terms in concept sets/zones but remember to explore subtopics• try new sources of information • save the search and citations for future use• promote use of high-quality resources

8. Manage Results

9. Evaluate-Who? What? When? Where? Why?

• Download, print, save, e-mail results & search history• Cite using a biomedical citation style• Save search, set up alerts

• Accuracy• Authority• Objectivity• Currency• Coverage

10. Apply –Answer the question.

Boolean OperatorsAND Operator

(to combine two concepts)

the AND operator is used to combine two concepts e.g. groundwater AND heavy metals – results are in the combined area of the two circlesNote: the parentheses are used to limit the results to the exact phrase – in this case (heavy metals)

groundwater (heavy metals)

the AND operator is used to combine three concepts e.g. groundwater AND (heavy metals) AND pollution - in the combined area of the three circles

groundwater (heavy metals)

AND Operator (to combine three concepts)

pollution

the OR is a means of combining terms e.g. mercury OR lead - in each circle’s area with the overlap in the middle having both search terms

mercury lead

OR Operator (info containing one or other term)

NOT Operator (in one term or the other)

the mercury NOT lead option limits the search to one

term (mercury) – only in the left area; it eliminates items in 2nd term (lead) or both terms (center)

mercury lead

Other search engine functions

• Phrase or proximity searching: “…” or (…)– allows you to search for an exact phrase, e.g. diseases

AND (water pollution) or groundwater AND (heavy metals)

• Truncation/wildcards: * – allow you to search alternative spellings and plurals

river* for river OR rivers pesticide* for pesticide OR pesticides program* for programme OR program• Alternate spellings: ?

– can be used to substitute for characters anywhere in a word

wom?n for woman or women

Africa AND (mercury OR lead)

mercury lead

Africa

Africa AND (mercury OR lead) – in the shaded area The OR operator retains items in each term and the AND operator is used to combine two concepts

More Search Techniques• Field Specific Searching

– author, title, journal, date, url, etc. • Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals and other

limits (to be discussed in SCOPUS)• Relevancy Ranking

– a grading that gives extra weight to a document when the search terms appear in the headline or are capitalized

– every found document is calculated as 100% multiply by the angle formed by weights vector for request and weights vector for document found

Evaluating Web Information

• Criteria for Evaluation- Accuracy- Authority- Currency- Coverage- Objectivity

The Google search engineThis is the Google search engines. Queries are typed into the Search box.

Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature.

Exercises

Complete exercises #2 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Step 1 Start your web browser

(Internet Explorer or Firefox).

Step 2 Type:http://www.oaresciences.org/en/in the “Address” box

Step 3Press “Enter” on the keyboard

or GO

How to Register for OARE

Registration

To register your institution, click on the Register hyperlink.

To register, fill in the form. You only need to fill this in once as an institution.

Fill in the six character registration code and click on the ‘Send Registration’ box.

Help

• Trouble registering or logging on? Technical issues? Questions about policy or use? Training inquiries?

– For support in Africa, contact ITOCA itoca@itoca.org

– For support elsewhere, email adminunep@oaresciences.org

Step 1 Start your web browser

(Internet Explorer or Firefox).

Step 2 Type:http://www.oaresciences.org/en/in the “Address” box

Step 3Press “Enter” on the keyboard

or GO

How to USE OARE

Accessing the Collection

From the initial page’s menu, you can find the link to journals and databases, information about OARE plus eligibility, how to register, training material, etc.

From this page, you can login and also view this information in multiple languages.

Logging In

• For full-text journal articles:– Users’ institutions must be registered– Users must log in using institutional user

name and password.

NOTE: OARE log in does not give access to all services offered on publishers’ websites.

Type in user name and password exactly as provided by your institution. Passwords are case-sensitive.

Click Login

Note the ‘You are logged in’ message. You also can confirm login by viewing the url (web address) at the top of the page that will read: oaresciences.org/whalecomoare.oaresciences.org

The initial OARE page includes links to Databases and Article Searching, Reference Sources and Other Free Collections.

If you do not properly login, this message on the Full-text journals, databases and other resources page will remind you!

Navigating OARE to Find What You Need!

In the next few slides you will learn to: • Browse by journal titles and publishers• Explore journals by subject lists• Locate journals by language• Download full-text articles (PDF and

HTML versions)

Once you have logged-in, you will be taken to the Full text journals, databases, and other resources page.

Searching by Title

Journals can be accessed by title from the Find journals by title alphabetical list. For example, to find Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, click on P.

A page appears containing all the journal titles beginning with P.

Click on a title in the list to select a journal.

Another window will open at the journal publisher’s site with the full list of Volumes, issues and articles.

This is the PDF display of the article. Most publishers also supply the HTML (with hyperlinks) and summary options.

Click on this link to get a complete list of the journals.

Searching by Subject

Journals also can be found via the Find journals by subject category listing.

Choose the subject that you are interested in. e.g. ‘Environmental Law, Policy & Planning’.

An alphabetical list of Environmental Law, Policy & Planning journals now is displayed with links to the journals’ websites.

Click on a journal title to open the journal in a new window (the publisher’s page).

The Environment and Urbanization journal now opens in the publisher’s website. Note the links to the Current and Recent Issues.

Again, we have opened the PDF format of an article. Note that there are save and print options.

Searching by Language

Click on the link to Find journals by language of publication and choose the language you prefer. e.g. French.

An alphabetical list of French language journals is displayed.

Select a journal title from the list e.g. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics.

A new window will open at the publisher’s site - with access to the current and previous volumes and issues.

Searching by Publisher

From the initial Journals page, click on the drop down menu for Find journals by publisher and choose the publisher that you want. e.g. ‘Nature Publishing Group’.

The list of OARE journals available from the Nature Publishing Group will be displayed.

Choose the specific journal that you want. e.g. Nature Cell Biology

The initial page of the journal is displayed. Choose the volume, issue and article that you are interested in e.g. ‘March Issue 3’.

This is the display for the HTML version of the article that includes hypertext links. You have the option of printing or downloading/saving the full text article in HTML.

This full text article is in HTML and must be read with a web-browser.

OR you can choose to download/view in PDF.

Now displayed is the PDF version of the article. To print or save click here.

Let’s Review What We Learned

You should now know how to:

• LOGIN to and register for OARE • Browse by journal titles and publishers• Explore journals by subject lists• Locate journals by language• Download full-text articles (PDF and HTML)

Exercises

Complete exercises #3 – 9 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Note: Also see Appendix - Access Problems and Solutions for Full-text Articles

Databases

• Environmental Index (EBSCO)• Scopus (Elsevier)• Environmental Science and Pollution

Management (CSA)

Environmental Index (EBSCO)

To open Environmental Index, click on the Databases and Article searching drop down menu. Once open, click on Environmental Index (EBSCO).

The default page is the Basic Search display. We will enter the pesticides AND water pollution in the search box and click on Search.

Note the other options – Advanced Search, Visual Search and Search History.

EBSCO Host notes that OARE is the client. This means there will be access to full-text articles.

There are 1192 Results for this search. To view the first article, we will click on the FullTextSFX icon. Another important option is the Add to folder.

After clicking on the FullTextSFX icon, there are two options for viewing the full text article and we will click on Elsevier ScienceDirect Complete.

Note that Ebsco recognizes that you are logged into OARE and therefore have access to the articles.

Via ScienceDirect, you have access to the article in both HTML and PDF format.

We have returned to the Search results and added the first citation to the Folder. Note the option to Remove from folder.

Once you add the citations you are interested in, there are numerous options in the Folder. We will click on Folder view.

In the right column, you now have the options to Print, E-Email, Save as File and Export the citations in the Folder.

We have opened the Print Manager page and retained the Detailed Citation and Abstract option. To receive a copy of the 1 item that was saved, we would click on the Print button.

Now displayed is the E-mail manager option. You could send the citation(s) to a colleague or yourself in either Rich or Plain Text. Note the 3 options for the Standard Field Format.

The final option displayed is the Save Manager. Note that, from the Citation Format drop down menu, you have various choices for the bibliographic citations.

We now will re-open the results of the pesticides AND water pollution search. This can be done by clicking on the Search History link or using the web browser’s back button several times. To Refine the search, we will click on and move the Publication Date bar.

We have moved the Publication Date bar to limit the search to 2000 – 2011 publications and also checked the Linked Full Text box. We now will click on the Update icon.

Again from the search results page, we have opened the Source Type box, checked on Academic Journals and clicked the Update button. Both ‘limits’ will appear in the refined search.

This refined search has 731 Results for the pesticides AND water pollution search with the publication date Limiters and Academic Journals Source Types that we added.

This is the Search History page. Note that the initial and refined searches are listed. For each search, you can View Results, View Details or Edit. You have the options complete a Search with AND or Search with OR or Delete Searches.

We have opened the Advanced Search page which gives you numerous options - to make your search more precise. Note the options from the drop down menu for the initial keyword entry. There also are various Search modes and Limit your results options.

The Sign In to My EBSCOhost page has been opened. You will need this personal account to use some of the Environmental Index options including viewing previously saved searches. Click on Create a new Account.

You can access this page by clicking on the Sign In option that is on the top of the search page.

Exercises

Complete exercises # 10 - 11 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Scopus (Elsevier)

To open Scopus, click on the Databases and Article searching drop down menu. Once open, click on Scopus (Elsevier).

From the top navigational bar on the Search page, there is access to the SCOPUS options. There are available at the top of the SCOPUS website, regardless of the page that is open. At the bottom of the page, there are links on the navigation bar, and a brief description of the pages to which you are transferred.

This is the default Scopus (Document search) page. Note that Scopus is Brought to you by OARE.

On the Document Search page, you can conduct both simple and more advanced searches using common search parameters.

On the Author Search page, you can find articles written by a specific person when the author’s name is cited in many different ways. For example, an author can be cited as Smith, J in one article, but as Smith, John in another. SCOPUS helps you find the right author by grouping together articles written by specific authors.

On the Advanced Search page, you can conduct an advanced search using a large number of field names and other advanced search parameters.

In the Search for section, we will enter a search for ‘ground water AND heavy metals AND mining’ and keep the ‘Article Title, Abstract Keywords’ option. In the Limit to section, we will retain the default Date Range, Document Type and Subject Areas options. Finally, click on Search.

The SCOPUS database allows you to search about 75% of the scientific titles in OARE.

The Scopus search resulted in 159 citations for journal articles and conferences. For each citation, you can View at Publisher, Show Abstract and open Related documents.For the search results, you have the following options: Download, PDF, Export, Print, Email, Create Bibliography – plus the Sort by options. Note also the Web and Patents Search options (explained below).

Scopus has the options to refine the search by Year, Author Name, Subject Area, Document Type and other options. Once you refine your search (or complete another search), you can view your various searches by clicking on View search history.

The Show abstract icon has been activated for one of the citations. There also is a View at publisher option. Note that you also can Edit and Save the search plus Set (an) alert.

In the SpringerLink portal, The Studies on uranium… article has been opened. Note that you have the options to Download PDF or View HTML.

We have opened the PDF version of this article that you can download or print.Note that the url (web address) has the ‘oaresciences.org/whalecommwww…’ address. This is because you opened Scopus from OARE and the publisher recognizes you as being properly logged in.

As previously mentioned… from the search results page, you have the following options: Download, PDF, Export, Print, Email, Create Bibliography – plus the Sort by options.

In this slide, we initially will Refine results by checking the 2011 and 2010 year boxes and clicking on Limit to. In the following slides, we will review some of the other options.

The Document results for this revised search is 15. We have checked the boxes for All the articles and will click on the Print option. Note that the specific query and the applied limits are listed in the turquoise box.

For the 15 selected documents, we have opened the Export, Print, E-mail or Create a Bibliography page. We have clicked on Print and, from the drop down menu, selected the Citations only option.

We now have selected the E-mail option - to send an email. This time we have selected the Abstract format with References from the drop down menu. The message in the Body Text describes the search.

For features such as the previously mentioned Save a Search or to use MY Alerts, My List and My Settings and other features, you will need to set up a personal ScienceDirect account.

Using a Scopus list of citations, you can access the full-text articles from the journals A-Z title list. (Not all articles can be accessed directly from the Scopus search results page.)

Exercises

Complete exercises # 12 - 14 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Environmental Science and Pollution Management (CSA)

From the Databases and Articles searching drop down menu, we will open the Environmental Science and Pollution Management database.

We have opened the Quick Search (default) page of CSA. Enter pesticides AND coral reefs in the Search box and click on Search. Note the Date Ranges option and the selection of Earliest to Current.

Displayed are the results for this search – All Publication Types (74) with lower numbers for Journals (42), Peer-Reviewed Journals (24), Conferences (20) and Books (4). Note the option for FullTextSFX. For the 1st article we will click on View Record.

The citation (author, title, source, etc.), abstract and other information is displayed. You also can create a New Search using AND/OR or add the search terms to a Current Search. We will look at the Save, Print and Email options.

The Save, Print and Email page has all three options – for this citation. We will Save this article for a PC.

For this record , we have chosen to save all the records, use the Short Format display chosen the APA 6th edition citation style and Text document format. At the top of the page is a Return to Results link.

We have returned to the search Results page and now will click on the FullTextSFX link.

From the ExLibris SFX page, we now will click on Elsevier ScienceDirect Complete – to view this full-text article. Note that the url (web address) confirms that you are properly logged into OARE and should have access to this article.

The full-text article from ScienceDirect has been displayed. Besides this HTML version, a PDF file is available for downloading and also the option to E-mail the article. Note that ScienceDirect displays the OARE symbol – to confirm that you have access.

We have displayed the Advanced Search page. Similarly to the other databases, this is a tool to create a more precise or limited search. Note that you Browse by Author, Journal Name or Publication Type.

Another useful option is the Search History page. We have displayed the details of the pesticides and coral reefs search.

Exercises

Complete exercises # 15 - 16 in the accompanying OARE Short Course Exercises (Word) document

Training Material

The OARE Training page has detailed information that can be used for training courses and further learning.

There are links to PDF documents PowerPoint presentations that are an in-depth discussion of many of OARE’s features.

Note that the Basic Training Packages contains modules on using the OARE website and searching for articles in two of the databases.

The IMARK project has a number of courses on the effective management of agricultural information (but would apply to other disciplines).Material is available online or via CD-ROM.

INASP has developed a series of courses on the use of electronic resources in low-income countries.

AuthorAID is an invaluable resource for publishing including a library with 150+ documents and a mentor service.

Authorship Skills Web-bibliography

Contains annotated links to 30+ WWW based/ full-text information on how to:Conduct ethical researchWrite a scientific paperWrite a structured abstractPrepare manuscripts for submissionWrite footnotes and bibliographiesAvoid plagiarism

http://www.who.int/hinari/training/authorshipskills/en/index.html

This web-bibliography has annotated links to 30+ scientific publishing related Internet sites.

Appendix : Access Problems and Solutions for Full-text Articles

Via OARE, the Journal of Forest Research has been opened.

When attempting to open a full-text article, the publisher (Springer) has requested a fee to purchase the article. .

Possible Problems Access problems can be caused by: 1)failure to properly LOGIN with the institution's

User Name/Password 2) technical problems at the Publisher's website 3) Problems with local systems (configuration of

user institution’s firewall, configuration of browser) or

4) The publisher has not authorized access – mostly for Band 2 countries

Institutional Firewall Problems***need IP address(es) for OARE

In this situation, a proxy server is blocked by the institution’s firewall. Please check with your computer department to make sure the institution’s firewall does not block proxy servers. The computer system must be able to access AGORA’s proxy server. Insure that you are permitted access to AGORA’s IP addresses 193.43.36.178 (portal) and 158.232.242.5 (authentication system) through your institution’s firewall. Otherwise, you will not be able to login properly and access AGORA’s full-text articles.

In OARE, the Journal of Forest Research is in the J section of the Find journals by title A-Z list. We have confirmed that you should have access to this journal.

This is a sample email – to send to oare@oaresciences.org

Screen CapturesTo create ‘screen captures’:

– display the screen you want (from the Internet)– click on the ‘print screen’ key – open the ‘paint’ program and paste the image

(control/v)– edit the image (use the ‘select’ icon to limit

content)

– copy again (control/c) and paste in document or slide

Note: you can skip the ‘paint’ program step and paste the screen capture directly into the document.

You have completed all the components of the OARE Short

Course

updated 2011 09