Transcript
Page 1: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

Date Inventor Or Discoverer Nationality

1250 Magnifying glass Roger Bacon English

1450 Printing press Johann Gutenberg German

1504 Pocket watch Peter Henlein German

1590 Zacharias Janssen Dutch

1593 Water thermometer Galileo Italian

1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch

1625 Blood transfusion Jean-Baptiste Denys French

1629 Steam turbine Giovanni Branca Italian

1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal French

1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Italian

1650 Air pump Otto von Guericke German

1656 Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens Dutch

1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish

1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton English

1671 Calculating machine Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz German

1698 Steam pump Thomas Savery English

1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull English

1710 Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Italian

1712 Steam engine Thomas Newcomen British

Invention Or Discovery

Compound microscope

Page 2: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1714 Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German

1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley English

1725 Stereotyping William Ged Scottish

1745 E.G. von Kleist German

1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin American

1758 Achromatic lens John Dollond British

1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison British

1764 Spinning jenny James Hargreaves British

1769 Spinning frame R. Arkwright English

1769 James Watt British

1769 Automobile Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot French

1775 Submarine David Bushnell American

1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison English

1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin American

1783 Balloon

Joseph Michel Montgolfier and

FrenchJacques Étienne Montgolfier

1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle British

Leyden jar (condenser)

Steam engine (with separate condenser)

Page 3: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1785 Power loom Edmund Cartwright British

1786 Steamboat John Fitch American

1788 Flyball governor James Watt British

1791 Gas turbine John Barber British

1792 Illuminating gas William Murdock Scottish

1793 Cotton gin Eli Whitney American

1795 Hydraulic press Joseph Bramah English

1796 Lithography Aloys Senefelder German

1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner British

1799 Louis Robert French

1800 Jacquard loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French

1800 Electric battery Count Alessandro Volta Italian

1801 Pattern loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French

1804 Screw propeller John Stevens American

1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve British

1804 Steam locomotive Richard Trevithick British

1805 Electroplating Luigi Gasparo Brugnatelli Italian

Fourdrinier machine (papermaking)

Page 4: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1810 François Appert French

1810 Printing press Frederick Koenig German

1814 Railroad locomotive George Stephenson British

1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy British

1816 Bicycle (no pedals) Karl D. Sauerbronn German

1819 Stethoscope René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec French

1820 Hygrometer J.F. Daniell English

1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo Cristoph Schweigger German

1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday British

1823 Silicon Jöns Jakob Berzelius Swedish

1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon British

1824 Portland cement Joseph Aspdin British

1827 Friction match John Walker British

1829 W.A. Burt American

1829 Braille printing Louis Braille French

1830 Platform scales Thaddeus Fairbanks American

Food preservation (by sterilization and exclusion of air)

Typewriter1

Page 5: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1830 Sewing machine Barthélemy Thimonnier French

1831 Phosphorus match Charles Sauria French

1831 Reaper Cyrus Hall McCormick American

1831 Dynamo Michael Faraday British

1834 Electric streetcar Thomas Davenport American

1835 Pistol (revolver) Samuel Colt American

1837 Telegraph

Samuel Finley Breese Morse American

Sir Charles Wheatstone British

1838 Morse code Samuel Finley Breese Morse American

1839 Photography

Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre and French

British

1839 Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear American

1839 Steam hammer James Nasmyth Scottish

1839 Bicycle (with pedals) Kirkpatrick MacMillan British

Joseph Nicéphore Niepce William Henry Fox Talbot

Page 6: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1845 Pneumatic tire Robert William Thompson American

1846 Rotary printing press Richard March Hoe American

1846 Nitroglycerin Ascanio Sobrero Italian

1846 Guncotton Christian Friedrich Schönbein German

1846 Ether Crawford Williamson Long American

1849 Reinforced concrete F.J. Monier French

1849 Safety pin Walter Hunt American

1849 Water turbine James Bicheno Francis American

1850 Mercerized cotton John Mercer British

1851 Breech-loading rifle Edward Maynard American

1851 Opthalmoscope German

1852 Nonrigid airship Henri Giffard French

1852 Elevator (with brake) Elisha Graves Otis American

1852 Gyroscope Jean Bernard Léon Foucault French

1855 Hypodermic syringe Alexander Wood Scottish

1855 Safety matches J.E. Lundstrom Swedish

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz

Page 7: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1856 Sir Henry Bessemer British

1858 Harvester Charles and William Marsh American

1859 Spectroscope

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and

GermanRobert Wilhelm Bunsen

1860 Gas engine Jean-Joseph-Étienne Lenoir French

1861 Richard March Hoe American

1861 Electric furnace Wilhelm Siemens British

1861 Machine gun Richard Jordan Gatling American

1861 Kinematoscope Coleman Sellers American

1865 Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister English

1866 Benjamin Chew Tilghman American

1866 Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel Swedish

1868 Dry cell Georges Leclanché French

1868 Typewriter

Carlos Glidden and

AmericanChristopher Latham Sholes

Bessemer converter (steel)

Web-fed newspaper printing press

Paper (from wood pulp, sulfite process)

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1868 Air brake George Westinghouse American

1870 Celluloid John Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Hyatt American

1871 Zénobe-Théophile Gramme Belgian

1874 Quadruplex telegraph Thomas Alva Edison American

1876

Alexander Graham Bell American

Antonio Meucci Italian

1877 Nikolaus August Otto German

1877 Thomas Alva Edison American

1877 Microphone Emile Berliner American

1877 Electric welding Elihu Thomson American

1877 Refrigerator car G.F. Swift American

1878 Cream separator Carl Gustav de Laval Swedish

1878 Cathode ray tube Sir William Crookes British

1879 Cash register James J. Ritty American

1879

Thomas Alva Edison American

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan British

Continuous current dynamo

Telephone2

Internal-combustion engine (four-cycle)

Talking machine (phonograph)

Incandescent filament lamp

Page 9: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1879 Karl Benz German

1879 Arc lamp Charles Francis Bush American

1880 Linotype Ottmar Mergenthaler American

1884 Steam turbine C.A. Parsons English

1884 Rayon (nitrocellulose) French

1884 Sir Charles Algernon Parsons British

1884 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow German

1884 Fountain pen Lewis Edson Waterman American

1885

Chichester A. Bell and

AmericanCharles Sumner Tainter

1885 AC transformer William Stanley American

1887 Air-inflated rubber tire J.B. Dunlop Scottish

1887 Emile Berliner American

Automobile engine (two-cycle)

Comte Hilaire Bernigaud de Chardonnet

Multiple-wheel steam turbine

Nipkow disk (mechanical television scanning device)

Graphophone (dictating machine)

Gramophone (disk records)

Page 10: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1887 Gas mantle Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach Austrian

1887 Mimeograph Albert Blake Dick American

1887 Monotype Tolbert Lanston American

1888 William Seward Burroughs American

1888 Kodak camera George Eastman American

1889 Steam turbine C.G. de Laval Swedish

1890 Louis Henri Despeissis French

1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal German

1891

Thomas Alva Edison American

William K. L. Dickson British

1891

Thomas Alva Edison American

William K. L. Dickson British

1891 Synthetic rubber Sir William Augustus Tilden British

1892 AC motor Nikola Tesla American

1892 Three-color camera Frederick Eugene Ives American

1892 Rayon (viscose) Charles Frederick Cross British

Adding machine (recording)

Rayon (cuprammonium)

Motion picture camera (kinetograph)

Motion picture viewer (kinetoscope)

Page 11: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1892 Sir James Dewar British

1893 Photoelectric cell Julius Elster Hans F. Geitel German

1893 Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel German

1893 Gasoline automobile

Charles Edgar Duryea and

AmericanJ. Frank Duryea

1894

French

Charles Francis JenkinsAmerican

1895 X-ray Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen German

1895 Rayon (acetate) Charles Frederick Cross British

1895 Wireless telegraph Marchese Guglielmo Marconi Italian

1896 Experimental airplane Samuel Pierpont Langley American

1898 Leo Hendrik Baekeland American

1900 Rigid dirigible airship Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin German

1902 Radiotelephone

Valdemar Poulsen Danish

Vacuum bottle (Dewar flask)

Motion picture projection

Louis Jean Lumière and Auguste Marie Lumière

Sensitized photographic paper

Page 12: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1902 Radiotelephone Reginald Aubrey Fessenden American

1903 Airplane Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright American

1903 Windshield wipers Mary Anderson American

1903 Electrocardiograph Willem Einthoven Dutch

1905 Sir John Ambrose Fleming British

1906 Gyrocompass Hermann Anschütz-Kämpfe German

1907 Bakelite Leo Hendrik Baekeland American

1907 Lee De Forest American

1908 Cellophane Jacques Edwin Brandenberger Swiss

1908 C. Albert Smith British

1909 Salvarsan Paul Ehrlich German

1910 Hydrogenation of coal Friedrich Bergius German

1910 Elmer Ambrose Sperry American

1911 Air conditioning W.H. Carrier American

1911 Vitamins Casimir Funk Polish

Diode rectifier tube (radio)

Triode amplifier tube (radio)

Two-color motion picture camera

Gyroscopic compass and stabilizer

Page 13: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1911 Cellophane Jacques Edwin Brandenberger Swiss

1911 Neon lamp Georges Claude French

1912 Mercury-vapor lamp Peter Cooper Hewitt American

1913 Ramjet engine René Lorin French

1913 Multigrid electron tube Irving Langmuir American

1913 Cracked gasoline William Meriam Burton American

1913 Reginald Aubrey Fessenden American

1915 Automobile self-starter Charles Franklin Kettering American

1916 John Moses Browning American

1916 Irving Langmuir American

1916 X-ray tube William David Coolidge American

1919 Mass spectrograph

Sir Francis William Aston British

Arthur Jeffrey Dempster American

1922-26 Sound motion pictures T.W. Case American

1922 Insulin Sir Frederick Grant Banting Canadian

1923 Autogiro Juan de la Cierva Spanish

Heterodyne radio receiver

Browning gun (automatic rifle)

Gas-filled incandescent lamp

Page 14: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1923 Television iconoscope Vladimir Kosma Zworykin American

1924 Quick-frozen food Clarence Birdseye American

1925 Philo Taylor Farnsworth American

1926 Aerosol can Erik Rotheim Norwegian

1926 Liquid-fuel rocket Robert Hutchings Goddard American

1928 Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming British

1930 Bathysphere (Charles) William Beebe American

1930 Thomas Midgley and coworkers American

1930 Sir Frank Whittle British

1930 American

1931 Cyclotron Ernest Orlando Lawrence American

1931 Vannevar Bush American

Television image dissector tube

Freon (low-boiling fluorine compounds)

Modern gas-turbine engine

Neoprene (synthetic rubber)

Father Julius Arthur Nieuwland and Wallace Hume Carothers

Differential analyzer (analogue computer)

Page 15: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1932 Frits Zernike Dutch

1932 Robert Jemison Van de Graaff American

1933 Edwin Howard Armstrong American

1935 German scientists German

1935 Radiolocator (radar) Sir Robert Watson-Watt British

1935 Cortisone

Edward Calvin Kendall American

Tadeus Reichstein Swiss

1935 Electron microscope German scientists German

1935 Sulfanllamide Gerhard Domagk German

1935 Nylon Wallace Hume Carothers American

1936 Heinrich Focke German

1937 Snowmobile Armand Bombardier Canadian

1938 Ballpoint pen Georg and Ladislao Biro Hungarian

1939 DDT Paul Müller Swiss

1939 Igor Sikorsky American

1940 Betatron Donald William Kerst American

Phase contrast microscope

Van de Graaff generator

Frequency modulation (FM)

Buna (synthetic rubber)

Twin-rotor helicopter3

Helicopter4

Page 16: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1941 Sir Frank Whittle British

1942 Guided missile Wernher von Braun German

1942 Nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi American

1942 Xerography Chester Carlson American

1944 German scientists German

1945 Atomic bomb U.S. government scientists American

1945 Streptomycin Selman A. Waksman American

1946

John Presper Eckert, Jr., and

AmericanJohn W. Mauchly

1947 Holography Dennis Gabon English

1947 Chlormycetin Mildred Rebstock American

1947 Polaroid Land camera Edwin Herbert Land American

1947 Bathyscaphe Auguste Piccard Swiss

1947 Microwave oven Percy L. Spencer American

1948 Scintillation counter Hartmut Kallmann German

1948 Aureomycin

Benjamin Minge Duggar and

AmericanChandra Bose Subba Row

Turbojet aircraft engine

V-2 (rocket-propelled bomb)

Electronic digital computer

Page 17: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1948 Transistor American

1949 Ramjet airplane René Leduc French

1950 Color television Peter Carl Goldmark American

1952 Hydrogen bomb U.S. government scientists American

1952 Donald Arthur Glaser American

1953 Maser Charles Townes American

1954 Solar battery Bell Telephone Laboratory scientists American

1954 Polio vaccine Jonas Salk American

1955 Synthetic diamonds General Electric scientists American

1955 Carbon dating W.F. Libby American

1955 Optical fibers Narinder S. Kapany Indian

1956 Hovercraft Christopher Cockerell English

1956 Felix Wankel German

1956 Videotape

Charles Ginsberg

AmericanRay Dolby

John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Shockley

Bubble chamber (nuclear particle detector)

First prototype rotary engine

Page 18: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1957 U.S. government scientists American

1957 Artificial earth satellite USSR government scientists Soviet

1958 U.S. government scientists American

1959 Integrated circuit

Jack Kilby

AmericanRobert Noyce

1960 Laser American

1960 Robert Burns Woodward American

1960 Birth-control pill

Gregory Pincus, John Rock, and

AmericanMin-chueh Chang

1962 Nick Holonyak, Jr. American

1964 Liquid-crystal display George Heilmeier American

1965 Kevlar technology Stephanie Kwolek American

1966 Michael Ellis DeBakey American

1966 Tunable dye laser Mary Spaeth American

Sodium-cooled atomic reactor

Communications satellite

Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, and Gordon Gould

Chlorophyll synthesized

Light-emitting diode (LED)

Artificial heart (left ventricle)

Page 19: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1967 Christiaan Neethling Barnard South Africa

1970 Har Gobind Khorana American

1971 Microprocessor Ted Hoff American

1971 Raymond Damadian American

1972 J.S. Kilby and J.D. Merryman American

1972 USSR government scientists Soviet

1973 U.S. government scientists American

1974 U.S. scientists American

1975 Godfrey N. Hounsfield British

1975 Fiberoptics Bell Laboratories American

1976 Supercomputer J.H. Van Tassel and Seymour Cray American

Human heart transplant

First complete synthesis of a gene

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Electronic pocket calculator

First magnetohydrodynamic power generator

Skylab orbiting space laboratory

Recombinant DNA (genetic engineering)

CAT (computerized axial tomography) scanner

Page 20: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1978 American

1978 American

1979 Compact disc

Joop Sinjou Dutch

Toshi Tada Doi Japanese

1979 W. French Anderson and coworkers American

1981 American

1982 Artificial heart Robert K. Jarvik American

1983

Gerd Binnig German

Heinrich Rohrer Swiss

1986

J. Georg Bednorz German

Karl A. Müller Swiss

Synthesis of human insulin genes

Roberto Crea, Tadaaki Hirose, Adam Kraszewski, and Keiichi Itakura

Mammal to mammal gene transplants

Paul Berg, Richard Mulligan, and Bruce Howard

Genetic flaw repaired in mouse cells by recombinant DNA and micromanipulation techniques

Space transportation system (space shuttle)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration engineers

Scanning tunneling microscope

High-temperature superconductors

Page 21: Notable Inventions & Discoveries

1992 Magnetic boat Yoshiro Saji JapaneseNotes

1) An impractical prototype that was never widely used.

3) Both rotors operated on a horizontal plane.

2) Bell received a patent for the telephone in 1876, but Meucci developed an earlier model around 1860.

4) One rotor operated on a horizontal plane to provide lift, while another rotor operated on a vertical plane to counter the torque generated by the first rotor.