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MSTA121

www.endeavour.edu.au

Session 10

Muscular Anatomy of the

Axial Skeleton and

Lower Limb

Department of Myotherapy

© Endeavour College of Natural Health www.endeavour.edu.au 2

Review:

Brisbane Myotherapy Studentso Brisbane and Gold Coast lecturers: Please again

take the time to review the status of the immunisation

process for all students enrolled in the Myotherapy

degree.

• Classify: Not yet begun / Has undertaken at least first

immunisation (Hep B) / Has undertaken second immunisation

(Hep B)/ Immunity documentation acquired

• Provide the list to your Senior Lecturer via email

o Students: If you have obtained your proof of immunity,

please upload this to the LMS under the assessments

tab

• (All non-Qld Myo students, please disregard)

Image: © Microsoft


Review: Muscular Anatomy

o In groups of three, palpate and state the origin(s),

insertion(s) and actions of the following muscles:

• Trapezius

• Serratus anterior

• Masseter

• Sternocleidomastoid

o Which muscle(s) would you use for:

• Sticking your chin out stubbornly

• Stopping the scapula from ‘winging’

• Standing with your shoulders back

• Hunching your shoulders

• Holding a phone with your head and shoulder

Image: © Microsoft


Muscle Palpation

o For all assessable muscles palpated in this unit, you

must be able to:

1. Palpate the origin, insertion and belly

2. State the location of the origin and insertion

3. State the primary action(s) of the muscle

4. Effectively position and instruct your client to actively resist

movement using that muscle,

to cause contraction and

confirm palpation of the

correct muscle

Image: © Microsoft


Palpation of Muscles of the

Axial Skeleton and Lower Limbo By the end of this session, you should be able to

palpate the following muscles:

• Erector spinae (as a group)

• Quadratus lumborum

• Rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique and

transverse abdominis

• Iliacus and psoas

• Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius (and gluteus minimus)

Image: © Microsoft


Erector Spinae

o In groups of 3, guided by your lecturer, palpate the

erector spinae as a group (p.196-199)

• Why are the erector spinae named this?

– What structures do the ES (as a group) run from/to?

• Which of the three lies closest to the spine? Which is furthest?

– Which has the most superior origin?

• Name three muscles that the ES are deep to

• What is the ligamentum nuchae and how does it relate to ES?

• What is the laminar groove and how does it relate to ES?

• Which actions do the ES have at the neck?

• Why is the fibre direction of the ES important?

• Are these the deepest muscles on the posterior spine?

(Biel, 2010)


Erector Spinae

Image: (Laurent Lavi Lazzeresky, 2010; Jason Pier in DC, 2011)


Erector Spinae

Image: (primenerd, 2012; Meg, 2010)


Erector Spinae

o What other

muscles do you

recognise?

Image: (Braden Bunem, 2008)


Quadratus Lumborum

o In groups of 3, with guidance from your lecturer,

palpate quadratus lumborum (p.207-208)

• This muscle is most __________ in the abdomen

• The medial portion is hidden under the ________

• What action does this muscle have during

forced exhalation?

• From which two positions is it best to

palpate this muscle?

– Which part is accessible during

palpation?

• QL can activate unilaterally or bilaterally.

What does this mean?

Image: (Nucleus Medical Media, 2014)

(Biel, 2010)


Quadratus Lumborum

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Quadratus Lumborum

Image: (Nucleus Medical Media, 2009a)


The Abdominals


palpate rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external

oblique and transverse abdominis (p.209-212)

• Memory hint: The external oblique fibres run at a similar

angle to a hand in an outside suit pocket. The internal oblique

fibres run in a similar direction to a hand in an internal suit

pocket (with the suit buttoned up)

• Are the abdominals just found in the ‘stomach area? Explain

• List the abdominals from superficial to deep

• Why are there different types of sit-up exercises for working

rectus abdominis and the obliques?

• Which of the abdominals would help you most to recover

from a fast run?

(Biel, 2010)


The Abdominals

Image: (Frank M. Rafik, 2007)


The Abdominals

Image: (Elias Rovielo, 2010)


The Abdominals

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Iliacus and Psoas (Iliopsoas)


palpate the iliacus and psoas individually (p.332-335)

• Though ilacus and psoas are generally treated as one

muscle clinically, you will first palpate them separately

• What two major actions does iliopsoas have?

• Iliopsoas and QLs are famously nicknamed the “hidden

prankster” and the “joker of low back pain”. Why do you think

they would have these names?

• When we sit down for long periods of time, what is likely to

happen to iliopsoas?

• Name the origin and insertion of iliacus and psoas

– What is in common? What is different?

(Biel, 2010)


Iliopsoas

Image: (Biel, 2010; Nucleus Medical Media, 2009b)


Iliopsoas

Image: (Biel, 2010)


The Gluteal Muscles


palpate the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius (and

gluteus minimus) (p.315-318)

• Which of the gluteals:

– Medially rotate the femur and which laterally rotate it?

– Insert onto the greater trochanter?

– Cover the greater trochanter?

• If gluteus medius was nicknamed ‘the jack of all trades’,

would this nickname be deserved? Explain

• How is it possible for different fibres to have different actions?

(Biel, 2010)


Gluteal Muscles

Image: (James Yeo, 2007a; James Yeo, 2007b)


Gluteal Muscles

Image: (Biel, 2010; Nucleus Medical Media, 2009c)


Surface Anatomy of Pelvis

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Surface and Bony Anatomy

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Muscular Anatomy

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Label the Muscles

A

B

C

D

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Label the Muscles

D

E

F

G

A

B

C

Image: (Biel, 2010)


Review and Preparation

o Complete these pages in the Trail Guide Workbook:

• 92-93

• 96-99

• 106,107, 110, 111

o Preview next week’s

muscles on the

trail guide video/DVD

Image: © Microsoft


References

o Biel, A. (2010). Trail guide to the body (4th ed.). Colorado: Books of Discovery.


Image References

o Biel, A. (2010). Trail guide to the body (4th ed.). Colorado: Books of Discovery.

o Braden Gunem. (2008). Manual Labourer [Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014,

from https://flic.kr/p/6eS9M6

o Elias Rovielo. (2010). Abs. [Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from

https://flic.kr/p/8PUG6K

o Frank M. Rafik. (2007). Capoeira- Mestre Mao Branca [Image]. Retrieved

September 10, 2014, from https://flic.kr/p/2RVCLh

o James Yeo. (2007a). Motor City Bodybuilding Mens [Image]. Retrieved September

10, 2014, from https://flic.kr/p/2znvTK

o James Yeo. (2007b). Motor City Bodybuilding Mens [Image]. Retrieved September

10, 2014, from https://flic.kr/p/2zrXT1

o Jason Pier in DC. (2011). Back Muscles [Image]. Retrieved September 1, 2014,

from https://flic.kr/p/9RK3Zs

o Laurent Lavì Lazzeresky. (2010). Mr Blonde [Image]. Retrieved September 1, 2014,

from https://flic.kr/p/8Nv3dg>

o Meg. (2010). Back B&W [Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from

https://flic.kr/p/7TQWgg


Image References

o Nucleus Medical Media. (2009a). Deep Muscles of the Back [Image]. Retrieved

September 10, 2014, from http://www.nucleusinc.com

o Nucleus Medical Media. (2009b). Male (Deep) Muscular System [Image]. Retrieved

September 10, 2014, from http://www.nucleusinc.com

o Nucleus Medical Media. (2009c). Anatomy of the Muscular System: Posterior View

[Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from http://www.nucleusinc.com

o Nucleus Medical Media. (2014). Colourized X-ray Depicting Lumbar Vertebrae

[Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from http://www.nucleusinc.com

o Primenerd. (2012). Back Light [Image]. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from

https://flic.kr/p/dVVJXY


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