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McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01

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DAML-SDelivery

DAML-S A DAML+OIL Ontology for Web Services

Brought to you by the DAML-S Web Services Coalition

Image compliments of Hobbs & Connolly, SRI


DAML-S BriefingDAML-S Web Services Coalition

presented by: Sheila A. McIlraith

Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL)Stanford University

http://www.daml.org/services/


DAML-S Web Services Coalition*

CMU: Massimo Paolucci, Terry Payne, Katia Sycara

BBN: Mark Burstein

Nokia: Ora Lassila

Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith, Honglei Zeng

SRI: Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan

Yale: Drew McDermott

Manchester: Ian Horrocks

* Founded February, 2001


What is DAML-S?

DAML-S: A DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services • DAML+OIL Ontology for (Web) services

• AI-inspired markup language: • tailored to the representational needs of Services• expressive power • well-defined semantics• ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct markup, ...

• Release of DAML-S version 0.5 June,2001



Layered Approach to Language Development

DAML-S (Services) DAML-L (Logic)

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

RDF (Resource Description Framework)

RDFS (RDF Schema)

DAML+OIL (Ontology)

DAML-SL

The first major application of DAML+OIL


DAML-S Objectives

Provide an upper ontology for describing properties & capabilities of (Web) services in an unambiguous, computer interpretable markup language.

Desiderata:

• the ontology of Web services

• ease of expressiveness

• enables automation of service use by agents

• enables reasoning about service properties and capabilities


Automation Enabled by DAML-S

• Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai.

• Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www.acmemoo.com

• Web service selection, composition and interoperation Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai.

• Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?


Who Will Use DAML-S?• Web service providers (e.g., Amazon, Intelink, United Airlines)

mark up their services

• 3rd party Web page designers (e.g., Web Designers) mark up clients’ services

• 2nd-ary Web service providers (e.g., Travelocity, My Simon) exploit others’ services to create add-on services use/write agent software to find/execute/compose other services

• Web service end users (e.g., Joe, Analysts) characterize their needs use/write agent software to find/execute/compose services


Upper Ontology of Services

Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, CMU


High-level description of a service and its provider

• description of service (human readable)

• specification of functionalities service provides

• functional attributes (requirements and capabilities)

Profile used for

• populating service registries

• automated service discovery

• matchmaking

Service Profile


Service Profile

AcmeShipping name Acme Shipping Ltd.

physicalAddress 3333 Travis Road

Manchester, NH

webURL www.acmeship.com email [email protected] ...


Service Profile

A service is provided by an Actor (service provider)E.g., AcmeBookShipping is provided by AcmeShipping


Service Profile

AcmeBookShipping

providedBy AcmeShipping

geographicRadius USA

input CustomerNameOriginDestDelDate...

output ConfirmationNumber

when “successful”

...

precondition

effect loc(Goods, Dest, DelDate)

when “successful”




Service Model


Service Model“How does it work?”

Each service is conceived as simple or composite process (event/action)

Associated with each service is a set of inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects (function and action metaphor)

Composite processes are compositions of simple or other composite processes in terms of constructs such as sequence, if-then-else, fork,...

Data flow and Control flow should be described for each composite service

A black box and glass box view are given of each composite service

Process model used for:• (automated) Web service invocation, composition, interoperation,

monitoring (potentially together w/ grounding).

Process Model


Acme Book

Truck Shipment

Function/Dataflow Metaphor

Input:

• confirmation no.• ...

Output:

• failure notification• …

truck available+

valid credit card

Y

N?

• customer name• origin• destination• weight• pickup date• ...


AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor

Input:


Output:


truck available+

valid credit card

Y

N?

Preconditions:

• customer name• origin• destination• pickup date• ...

• knowledge of the input• ...

• goods at location if successful• credit card debited...

Effect:

Output:

Effect: <no effect>

Acme Book

Truck Shipment


AcmeTruckShpng

www.acmeair.com

book flight service

• customer name• flight numbers• dates• credit card no.• • ...


• failure notification• errror information• …

?

www.acmehotel.com

book hotel service

• confirmation no.• dates• room type• credit card no.• ...



?

www.acmecar.com

book car service

• customer name• location• car type• dates• credit card no.• ...



?

• • • •

Composite Process

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

?

• • • • • • • • • • •

Input &Preconditions

Output &Effects

• • • •

• • • •


Composite Process

truck available+

valid credit card

Y

N

Confirm Shipping Region

Get Quote

Get Shipping Dates

Book Truck Shipment

Acme

Truck

Shipping

Service

expands

AcmeTruckShpng ExpandedAcmeTruckShpng


AcmeTruckShpng ExpAcmeTruckShpngexpand




Service Grounding (under development)

• Specification of service access information

• specifies communication protocols, transport mechanisms, etc.

• E.g., SOAP, HTTP forms, Java RMI, RPC, etc.


Review: Upper Ontology of Services


Exploiting Ontologies of ServicesService

Shipping

BuyBook

AmazonBuyBook

CongoBuyBook

BuyTicket

BuyAirTicket

Purchase

AirShipping

TruckShipping

BoatShipping

AcmeTruckShipping

BuyConcertTicket


Related Work

Related Industrial Initiatives • UDDI • ebXML

• WSDL • .Net

• XLANG • Biztalk, e-speak, etc

These XML-based initiatives are currently complementary to DAML-S. DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics, inference that enables automation.

Related Academics Efforts

• Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus)

• Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL)

• Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)

• Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL)


Tools and ApplicationsDAML-S provides a means of describing Web services.

It’s just another DAML+OIL ontology all the tools and technologies that exist for DAML+OIL are relevant

Some DAML-S Specific Tools and Technologies:

Extending DAML-S: DAML-S Coalition (security, symbol grounding, …)

Discovery, Matchmaking, Agent Brokering: CMU, SRI (OAA), Stanford KSL

Automated Web Service Composition: Stanford KSL, BBN/Yale/Kestrel, CMU, MIT, Nokia, SRI

DAML-S Editor: Stanford KSL, SRI, CMU (profiles), Manchester

Process Modeling Tools & Reasoning: SRI, Stanford KSL

Service Enactment /Simulation: SRI, Stanford KSL


ChallengesTechnical Issues

• DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model

• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon)(some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)

Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives

• need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S

• concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF

Tools availability• DAML+OIL reasoner

• DAML-S editor




• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues messages, synchronization, conversation protocols, exceptions and transaction,multiple participants, scripts, unification/binding, constraints, ontologies of processes,service grounding, ...





• DAML-S editor




• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon)(some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)





• DAML-S editor


Status: DAML-S version 0.5 released June, 2001.

Please get involved!

Break-out Session (Friday)

*** Try DAML-S for your application *** give feedback ***

DAML-S version 0.5 and related papers


mailing list

[email protected] (technical discussions)

[email protected] (announcements)

We Want Your Input!


Acknowledgements

• Slides created by Sheila McIlraith, KSL Stanford

• Page 1 graphic created by Jerry Hobbs & Kelli Connolly, SRI

• Ontology images created by Terry Payne, CMU