Download pdf - Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik / Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

8/17/2019 Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik / Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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Fupus Krltkòtdus ]lstk`lj

Fupus krltkòtdsus slstk`lj (systk`lm fupus krythkòtdsus) (]FK) `krupojoa pkayojlt

labfoòsl outdlùa jrdals gkaeoa ktldfdel yoae nkfu` gljktohul skrto òalbkstosl jflals,

pkrcofoaoa pkayojlt goa prdeadsls yoae soaeot nkroeo`. Ykayojlt lal tkrutoò `kaykroae woaltouslo rkprdgujsl gkaeoa oaejo jkòtloa yoae mujup tlaeel. Bojtdr ekaktlj, lùadfdelj goa

hdr`daof skrto flaejuaeoa glgueo nkrpkroa gofo` potdblsldfdel ]FK.?

Yotdekaksls goa Ktldfdel

@kjoals`k potdekaksls ]FK `krupojoa latkrojsl gorl eka tkrsoaejo goa bojtdr

flaejuaeoa yoae `kayknonjoa rkspda lùa onadròf. ^kspda tkrsknut `kflputl (?) Ojtlvosl

lùaltos laaotk (skf gkagrltlj) dfkh MpE GAO, GAO pogo jd`pfkjs lùa, goa ÂO pogo prdtkla

skfb-oatleka: (>) pkauruaoa o`noae ojtlvosl gorl skf lùa ogoptlb (fl`bdslt spkslblj oatleka W goa

N): rkeufosl goa lahlnlsl lakbkjtlb gorl MG7+ goa MG8+ skf W: pkaeuroaeoa nkrslhoa skf opdptdsls

goa jd`pfkjs lùa. ]kfb-oatleka gopot gljkaofl dfkh slstk` lùa pogo pkrùjooa skf opdptdtlj:

skhlaeeo oatleka, outdoatlndgl goa jd`pfkj lùa `kaktop pogo coaejo wojtu poacoae,

`kayknonjoa labfoòsl goa pkayojlt nkrjk`noae.>


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Ojtlvosl lùa gorl skf yoae nkrslrjufosl òupua `kfkjot pogo corlaeoa glskrtol gkaeoa

pkfkposoa tu`dr akmrdsls bomtdr (WAB) prdlabfoòtdr, latkrbkrda tlpk ? goa > (LBAs), goa sltdjla

N stlùfotdr fl`bdslt (NFy]) goa latkrfkujla (LF)-?9. Fupus W goa skf aoturof jlffkr (AJ) eoeof

`k`prdgujsl LF-> goa troasbdr`lae erdwth bomtdr (WEB) yoae `kaelagujsl rkeufosl MG7+ goa

skf lahlnlsl MG8+. Ojlnot onadròfltos lal ogofoh prdgujsl gorl oatlndgl potdekalj goa jd`pfkjs

lùa. Ojtlvosl jd`pfk`ka goa skf lùa `kayknonjoa pkfkposoa mhk`dtoxla, sltdjla, mhk`djla,

pkptlgo vosdojtlb goa kazl` pkrusoj. Yogo labfoòsl jrdals, ojuùfosl gorl erdwth bomtdr goa

prdguj djslgosl jrdals `kayknonjoa jkrusojoa corlaeoa lrkvkrslnkf pogo efd`krufus, poru goa

corlaeoa folaayo.>

]FK `krupojoa pkayojlt ùftlekalj. Yogo laglvlgu yoae rkatoa, jd`nlaosl gorl nkrnoeol

eka adròf yoae òslae-òslae nkrjdatrlnusl tkrhogop skgljlt rkspda lùa yoae onadròf. Cljo

vorlosl tkrsknut tkrojuùfosl òjo ojoa tl`nuf pkayojlt. Gkblslkasl hd`dzledt tkrhogop

jd`pdaka jd`pfk`ka M?q,M>,M7 `krupojoa prkglspdslsl juot tkrcoglayo ]FK. Nknkropo eka

`k`pkaeoruhl òalbkstosl jflals pkayojlt (mdatdhayo akbrltls glpkaeoruhl dfkh Bm^ >O/=O,

@NF, YGMG?: ortrltls goa vosjufltls glpkaeoruhl @MY-?)>

Uoalto fknlh ùgoh tkrjkao fupus jorkao `k`lfljl rkspda oatlndgl yoae fknlh tlaeel.

Uoalto yoae tkrkjspds jdatroskpsl yoae `kaeoaguae kstkrdeka rksljdayo `kalaejot ?,>-> jofl

flpot. Nknkropo stlùfus flaejuaeoa gopot `k`pkaeoruhl ]FK. Yoporoa uftrovldfkt `kayknonjoa

bfork ]FK pogo ho`plr 59% poslka, vlrus Kpstkla Norr ùaejla `krupojoa oeka labkjslus yoae

gopot `k`lmu ]FK.>

Kplgk`ldfdel

Laslgka tohuaoa ]FK gl O`krljo skrljot sknksor ;,? pkr ?99.999 pkaguguj, sk`katoro

prkvofkasl ]FK gl O`krljo glfopdrjoa ;> josus pkr ?99.999 pkaguguj, gkaeoa rosld ekagkr

woalto goa fojl-fojl oatoro 99> gl ^][Y Mlptd @oaeuajusu`d (^]M@) Cojorto, glgopotjoa

?.7% josus ]FK gorl tdtof juacuaeoa poslka gl pdfljflalj ^kuòtdfdel Ykayojlt Gofo`7,

sk`katoro gl ^] Hosoa ]ogljla Noaguae tkrgopot >


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@oalbkstosl jflals ]FK soaeot fuos, `kflputl jktkrflnotoa juflt goa ùjdso, skagl, goroh,

coatuae, poru, elacof, susuaoa sorob pusot (]]Y) goa slstk` lùa. Glfopdrjoa nohwo pogo ?999

poslka ]FK gl Krdpo yoae glljutl skfoò ?9 tohua, òalbkstosl jflals tkrnoayoj nkrturut-turut

ogofoh ortrltls sknksor 78,?%, ruo` òfor =?,?%, akbrdpotl >5,>,


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otou

n.

]lflagkr skfufkr 3 - gopot nkrupo slflagkr krltrdslt, hk`defdnla,

eroaufor, tunufor otou mo`puroa.

Eoaeeuoa akurdfdel o. Jkcoae yoae nujoa glsknonjoa dfkh dnot-dnotoa otou eoaeeuoa

`ktondflm (`lsofayo urk`lo, jktdoslgdsls, otou jktlgoj-skl`noaeoakfkjtrdflt).

otou

n.

Ysljdsls yoae nujoa glsknonjoa dfkh dnot-dnotoa otou eoaeeuoa

`ktondflm (`lsofayo urk`lo, jktdoslgdsls, otou jktlgoj-skl`noaeoa

kfkjtrdflt).

Eoaeeuoa hkòtdfdelj o. Oak`lo hk`dfltlj gkaeoa rktljufdsls

otou

n.

Fkjdpkalo 67.999/``= pogo guo jofl pk`krljsooa/fknlh

otoum.

Fl`bdpkalo 6?.;99/``= pogo guo jofl pk`krljsooa/fknlh

otou

g. Wrd`ndsltdpkalo 6?99.999/``= toapo glsknonjoa dfkh dnot-dnotoa

Eoaeeuoa lùadfdelj o.

Oatl-GAO3 oatlndgl tkrhogop aotlvk GAO gkaeoa tltkr yoae onadròf

otou

n. Oatl-]`3 tkrgopotayo oatlndgl tkrhogop oatleka aujfkor ]`, otou

m.

Wkùoa pdsltlb tkrhogop oatlndgl oatlbdsbdflplg yoae glgosorjoa otos3

?) Jogor skru` oatlndgl oatljorgldflpla onadròf nolj LeE otou

Le@,

>) Wks fupus oatljdoeufoa pdsltlb `kaeeuaojoa `ktdgo stoagorg,

otou

=) Hoslf tks skrdfdel pdsltlb pofsu tkrhogop slblfls skjuroae-

juroaeayo skfoò 2 nufoa goa gljdabl ròsl gkaeoa tkst

l`dnlflsosl Wrkpdakò pofflgu` otou tks bfudrkskasl onsdrpsl

oatlndgl trkpdakò.

Oatlndgl oatlaujfkor pdsltlb

(OAO)

Wltkr onadròf gorl oatlndgl oatl-aujfkor nkrgosorjoa pk`krljsooa

lùadbfudrkskasl otou pk`krljsooa sktlaejot pogo sktlop jurua wojtu

pkrcofoa pkayojlt toapo jktkrflnotoa dnot yoae gljktohul nkrhunuaeoa

gkaeoa slagrdò fupus yoae gllagujsl dnot.

Nlfo glcu`pol 7 otou fknlh jrltkrlo glotos, gloeadsls ]FK `k`lfljl skasltlbltos 8;% goa

spkslblsltos


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jkùaejlaoa nujoa ]FK. Oponlfo hoayo tks OAO pdsltlb goa òalbkstosl jflals fola tlgoj ogo,

òjo nkfu` tkatu ]FK, goa dnskrvosl coaejo poacoae glpkrfujoa.

Fupus Akbrltls

Elacof `krupojoa dreoa yoae skrlae tkrflnot pogo poslka gkaeoa ]FK. Fknlh gorl 59%

poslka ]FK `kaeofo`l jktkrflnotoa elacof skpoacoae pkrcofoaoa pkayojltayo. Nldpsl elacof pkrfu

glfojujoa uatuj jdablròsl gloeadsls, kvofuosl ojtlvltos pkayojlt, jfoslbljosl jkfolaoa

hlstdpotdfdelj elacof, goa `kakatujoa prdeadsls goa tkropl yoae tkpot.8

Jfoslbljosl jrltkrlo Udrfg Hkofth Dreoalzotlda (UHD) uatuj akbrltls fupus sugoh

glpkrnohorul dfkh Latkraotldaof ]dmlkty db Akphrdfde goa ^kaof Yothdfdey ]dmlkty (L]A/^Y])

tohua >99=


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Nlfo nldpsl tlgoj gopot glfojujoa dfkh jorkao nkrnoeol hof, òjo jfoslbljosl fupus akbrltls

gopot glfojujoa pkalfoloa nkrgosorjoa poaguoa UHD

Ykaekfdfooa

Glpkrfujoa pkagkjotoa yoae hdflstlj nkrgosorjoa pkagkjotoa nld psljd sdslof. Wucuoa

pkaednotoa FKs ogofoh `kalaejotjoa jkslatosoa goa juofltos hlgup gkaeoa `kagopotjoa òso

rk`lsl yoae poacoae, ̀ kauruajoa ojtlvltos pkayojlt skrlaeoa ̀ uaejla, ̀ kaeuroael roso aykrl goa

`k`kflhoro buaesl dreoa oeor ojtlvltos hlgup jkskhorloa tktop nolj euao `kamopol juofltos hlgup

dptlòf.??

Ylfor pkaednotoa FK] `kflputl

L. Kgujosl goa jdaskflae

LL. Yrdero` rkhonlfltosl. Yoslka FK] `kaeofo`l pkauruaoa òsso dtdt hlaeeo =9% oponlfo

glnlorjoa gofo` jdaglsl l`dnlflsosl skfoò fknlh > `laeeu goa pkauruaoa jkjuotoa dtdt skjltor

?-;% pkrhorl gofo` jdaglsl l`dnlfltos.

LLL. pkaednotoa `kgljo`katdso

Jdrtljdstkrdlg `krupojoa dnot utoò pogo poslka FK].Moro pk`nkrloa jdrtljdstkrdlg uatuj

pkayojlt yoae ̀ kaeoamo` ayowo, lagujsl otou pogo jkjo`nuhoa. Gdsls tlaeel nlosoayo glnkrljoa

latrovkao gkaeoa gdsls 9,;-?er `ktlfprkgalsdsfda skfo` = horl nkrturut-turut.??


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Oak`lo Hk`dfltlj Outdlùa

Gkblalsl

Oak`lo hk`dfltlj outdlùa (OHO) otou outdl`ùak hk`dfytlm oak`lo (OLHO)

`krupojoa suotu jkfolaoa glòao tkrgopot oatlndgl skf-skf krltrdslt skhlaeeo uùr krltrdslt

`k`kagkj.?>,?=

Ktldfdel

Ktldfdel gorl pkayojlt outdlùa `kòae nkfu` ckfos, jkùaejlaoa tkrcogl jorkao

eoaeeuoa mkatrof tdfkroamk, goa eoaeeuoa pogo prdsks pk`notosoa fl`bdslt outdrkojtlb

rkslguof.?>,?=

Jfoslbljosl

L. Oak`lo Hk`dfltlj Outd Lùa (OLHO)

O. OLHO tlpk hoaeot

?. Lgldpotlj

>. ]kjuagkr (jorkao MFF, fl`bdò, ]FK)

N. OLHO tlpk glaela

?.

Lgldpotlj>. ]kjuagkr (labkjsl `ymdpfosò, `dadaumfkdsls, vlrus, jkeoaosoa, fl`bdrktljufkr)

M. Yordxysòf Mdfg hk`defdnlaurl

?. Lgldpotlj

>. ]kjuagkr (vlrof, goa slblfls)

G. OLHO Otlplj

?. OLHO tks oatlefdnufla akeotlb

>. OLHO jd`nlaosl tlpk hoaeot goa glaela

LL.

OLHO gllagujsl dnot

LLL.OLHO gllagujsl ofdoatlndgl

O. ^kojsl Hk`dfltlj Wroasbusl

N. Ykayojlt Hk`dfltlj pogo Noyl Noru Fohlr ?=


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Oak`lo Hk`dfltlj Outdlùa Wlpk Hoaeot

]kjltor 59% josus OLHO `k`lfljl tlpk hoaeot, gl òao outdoatlndgl nkrkojsl skmoro

dptlòf pogo suhu =9◢M. Juroae fknlh ;9% poslka OLHO tlpk hoaeot glskrtol pkayojlt fola. Ekcofo

oak`lo tkrcogl pkrfohoa-fohoa, ljtkrlj goa gkò`. Yogo nknkropo josus glcu`pol pkrcofoaoa

pkayojlt `kagogoj, glskrtol aykrl ongd`ka, goa oak`lo nkrot. [rla nkrworao ekfop jorkao tkrcogl

hk`defdnlaurlo. Ljtkrlj tkrcogl pogo 79% poslka. Yogo OLHO lgldpotlj, spfkad`keofl tkrcogl pogo

;9-29%, hkpotd`keofl tkrcogl pogo =9%, goa fl`bogkadpotl tkrcogl pogo >;% poslka. Hoayo >;%

poslka tlgoj glskrtol pk`nksoroa dreoa goa fl`bdadgl.?=

Yogo pk`krljsooa fondrotdrlu`, hk`defdnla skrlae glcu`pol glnowoh 5 e/gf. Yk`krljsooa

Mdd`n glrkj nlosoayo pdsltlb. Outd oatlndgl tlpk hoaeot nlosoayo gltkùjoa gofo` skru` goa

gopot glplsohjoa gorl skf-skf krltrdslt. Outdoatlndgl lal nkrosof gorl jkfos LeE goa nkrkojsl gkaeoa

skùo skf krltrdslt adròf. Outdoatlndgl tlpk hoaeot lal nlosoayo nkrkojsl gkaeoa oatleka pogo skf

krltrdslt poslka skaglrl, nlosoayo oatleka ^h.?=

Yrdeadsls pogo OLHO tlpk hoaeot, hoayo sknoeloa jkmlf poslka `kaeofo`l pkayk`nuhoa

jd`pflt goa sknoeloa nksor `k`lfljl pkrcofoaoa pkayojlt yoae nkrfoaesuae jrdalj aoùa

tkrjkagofl. ]urvlvof ?9 tohua skjltor 59%. @drtofltos skfoò ;-?9 tohua sknksor ?;->;%.?=

Oak`lo Hk`dfltlj Lùa Wlpk Glaela

Wkrcoglayo hk`dflsls glpkroatol oatlndgl glaela yoltu oefutlala glaela goa oatlndgl

Gdaoth-foagstolakr . Jkfolaoa lal skmoro jorojtkrlstlj `k`lfljl oefutlala glaela Le@ `dadjfdaof.

Yogo uùàyo oefutlala tlpk glaela lal tkrgopot pogo tltkr yoae soaeot rkagoh, goa tltkr lal ojoa

`kalaejot pksot pogo bosk pkayk`nuhoa labkjsl. Oefutlala tlpk glaela ojoa nkrljotoa gkaeoa skf

goroh `kroh goa tkrcogl flsls foaesuae goa boedsltdsls.?>

Eo`noroa jflalj OLHO tlpk glaela skrlae tkrcogl oefutlaosl pogo suhu glaela. Hk`dflsls

nkrcofoa jrdalj. Oak`lo nlosoayo rlaeoa gkaeoa Hn e/gf. ]krlae glgopotjoa ojrdsloadsls goa

spfkad`keofl. Yogo pk`krljsooa fondrotdrlu` gltkùjoa oak`lo rlaeoa, sbkrdsltdsls,

pdfljrdòtdslo, tks Mdd`ns pdsltlb, oatl-L, oatl-Yr, oatl-@ otou oatl-Y.?>

Wkroplayo `kaehlagorl ugoro glaela yoae gopot `k`lmu hk`dflsls. Yrkgalsda goa

spfkakjtd`l tlgoj noayoj ̀ k`noatu. Yfosòborksls uatuj ̀ kaeuroael oatlndgl Le@ skmoro tkdrltls

nlso `kaeuroael hk`dflsls, aoùa skmoro projtlj hof lal sujor glfojujoa. Yrdeadsls goa survlvof

pogo poslka gkaeoa slagrdò jrdalj ojoa `k`lfljl survlvof yoae nolj goa mujup stonlf.?=


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Wkropl

Jdrtljdstkrdlg gkaeoa gdsls ?-?,; è/jeNN/horl. Gofo` > `laeeu sknoeloa nksor ojoa

`kauacujjoa rkspda jflals nolj. ]pfkakjtd`l glfojujoa oponlfo tkropl stkrdlg tlgoj ogkjuot otou

tlgoj nlso glfojujoa toppkrlae gdsls skfoò = nufoa, òjo pkrfu glpkrtl`noaejoa spfkakjtd`l.

o. Lùadsuprksl 3 Ozothldprla ;9->99 è/horl, sljfdbdsbo`lg ;9-?;9 è/horl.

n. Wkropl fola 3 goaozdf 299-899 è/horl. Nlosoayo goaozdf glpojol nkrsoò-soò stkrdlg.

Nlfo tkrcogl pkrnoljoa, stkrdlg glturuajoa otou glhkatljoa goa gdsls goaozdf glturuajoa

`kacogl >99-799 ̀ e/horl. Jd`nlaosl goaozdf goa prkgalsda ̀ k`nkrljoa hoslf yoae noeus

sknoeol tkropl lalslof goa `k`nkrljoa rkspda pogo 89% josus. Wkropl l`ùadefdnufla

latrovkao ( 799è/jeNN pkrhorl skfoò ; horl ) `kauacujjoa pkrnoljoa pogo nknkropo

poslka. @ymdphkadfotk `dbktlf ;99 è/horl so`pol ?999 è/horl, glfopdrjoa `k`nkr

hoslf yoae noeus pogo OLHO rkbrojtkr.

m. Wkropl troabusl nujoa jdatrolagljosl ùtfoj. Yogo jdaglsl yoae `kaeoamo` clwo (`lsof

Hn≧= e/gf) troabusl gopot glnkrljoa, so`nlf `kauaeeu stkrdlg goa l`ùadefdnufla uatuj

nkrkbkj.?>,?=

Eostrdpotl A]OLG

Adastkrdlgof oatl-labfo`òtdry grues (A]OLG) ̀ k`lfljl kbkj so`plae sofuroa mkrao yoae

skrlae gltkùjoa. ]pkjtru` kbkj so`plae yoae gltl`nufjoa A]OLG nkroeo` ̀ ufol gorl ̀ uof goa

glspkpslo (prkvofkasl hlaeeo ;9-29%) hlaeeo jd`pfljosl eostrdlatkstlaof skpkrtl ufjus pkptlju`

(pogo ?;-=9% laglvlgu yoae `kaejdasu`sl A]OLG skmoro rutla) gkaeoa jd`pfljosl pkrgorohoa

otou pkrbdrosl pogo ?,;% poslka sktlop tohuaayo.?7

Kplgk`ldfdel

Glpkrjlrojoa pkrgorohoa yoae tkrcogl `kayknonjoa rowotoa ruòh sojlt 29.999-?>9.999

sktlop tohuaayo goa jkòtloa ojlnot tdjsltos A]OLG sknksor ?2.999 poslka sktlop tohuaayo gl

O`krljo ]krljot. ]kjltor 7-;% poslka `kaeofo`l ufjus sl`ptdòtlj gofo` coaejo wojtu ? tohua.

]oyoaeayo ekcofo gyspkpslo tlgoj nkrhunuaeoa gkaeoa potdfdel yoae gllagujsl A]OLG. Fknlh

gorl 89% poslka gkaeoa jd`pfljosl A]OLG skrlus tlgoj `kaeofo`l ekcofo glspkpslo.?7


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Yotdblsldfdel

Yrdstoefoagla `k`lfljl pkroaoa pkatlae gofo` pkrtohoaoa goa pkrnoljoa latkerltos

ùjdso eostrdgudgkaof. Eoaeeuoa slatksls prdstoefoagla gopot `krusoj pkrtohoaoa ùjdsoskhlaeeo `kayknonjoa mkgkro ùjdso fkwot `kjoals`k sltk`lj. Osplrla goa A]OLG fola

`krupojoa oso` fkòh yoae tktop gofo` nkatuj flpdblflj toj tkrldalsosl soot òsuj jkgofo`

flaejuaeoa oso` gofo` sofuroa mkrao. Jdaglsl tkrsknut `kayknonjoa A]OLG nkr`lerosl

`kfkwotl `k`nroa flplg skf kpltkf goa `kayknonjoa mkgkro skf cljo `kaktop gofo` skf gkaeoa

nkatuj tkrldalsosl. A]OLG tdpljof cueo `krunoh foplsoa ùjdso pkrùjooa yoae `kaeojlnotjoa

glbusl noflj H+ goa pkpsla yoae `kayknonjoa jkrusojoa skf kpltkf foacutoa.?7

Gloeadsls

Aykrl kpleostrlu` skpkrtl tkrnojor otou jktlgojayoòaoa gopot gltkùjoa.

Jktlgojayoòaoa nlosoayo suflt glgkblalsljoa, gopot cueo aykrl otou aykrl fopor. Yogo ufjus

gudgkau` aykrl tkrcogl


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`kaednotl ufjus eostkr otou ufjus gudgkau` toapo `kòagoae A]OLG glhkatljoa otou tktop

glfoacutjoa. Ykamkeohoa prl`kr ufjus A]OLG gopot glfojujoa gkaeoa pk`nkrloa @lsdprdstdf

(>99ue qlg) otou YYL. H> nfdjkr gdsls tlaeel cueo nlso glnkrljoa aoùa labkrldr glnoaglae YYL.

MDX-> lahlnltdr skpkrtl mkfkxdmln goa rdbkxdmln ?99 jofl fknlh skfkjtlb glnoaglae A]OLG stoagor ?7

Labkjsl ]ofuroa Jk`lh

Labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh (L]J) `krupojoa jkogooa yoae `kauacujjoa jknkrogooa

`ljrddreoals`k gofo` urlak. L]J `krupojoa sofoh sotu pkayojlt labkjsl yoae skrlae gltkùjoa

tkrutoò pogo woalto glòao glfopdrjoa nohwo >;-=;% woalto gkwoso pkraoh `kaeofo`l L]J

skpoacoae hlgupayo. L]J `krupojoa lstlfoh uù` yoae `kauacujjoa jknkrogooa

`ljrddreoals`k gofo` urlak. Nojtkrlurlo nkròjao ̀ krupojoa pkrtu`nuhoa @D ̀ ural fknlh gorl

?9; mdfday bor`lae ualts (MB[) pogo nlojoa urlak. Nojtkrlurlo nkròjao toapo prkskatosl jflals

L]J glaoòjoa nojtkrlurlo osl`ptdòtlj, sknofljayo cljo glskrtol prkskatosl jflals glaoòjoa

nojtkrlurlo sl`ptdòtlj.?;

Kplgk`ldfdel

Labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh tkreoatuae pogo noayoj bojtdr skpkrtl uslo, ekagkr, prkvofkasl

nojtkrlurlo goa bojtdr prkglspdslsl yoae `kayknonjoa pkrunohoa strujtur sofuroa jk`lh tkròsuj


13/35

?=

elacof. ]kfoò pkrldgk uslo nknkropo nufoa hlaeeo fknlh gorl 2; tohua, woalto fknlh mkagkruae

`kagkrlto L]J glnoaglae fojl-fojl. L]J nkrufoae pogo fojl-fojl coroae glfopdrjoa jkmuofl sknoeol

bojtdr prkglspdslsl (pkamktus).?;

Yrkskatosl Jflals

?. Ylkfdakbrltls ojut (YAO)

Yrkskatosl jflals YAO ogofoh poaos tlaeel (=. L]J nowoh (slstltls)

Yrkskatosl jflals slstltls ogofoh sojlt supropunlj, pdfojlsurlo, adjturlo, glsurlo goa stroaeurlo

=. ]lagrd` urktro ojut (][O)

Yrkskatosl jflals ][O `lrlp gkaeoa slstltls. ][O skrlae gltkùjoa pogo pkrk`puoa uslo >9-

;9 tohua?;

Ykaotofojsoaooa

Yrlaslp pkaotofojsoaooa L]J nowoh `kflputl latojk molroa yoae noayoj, oatlnldtlj ogkjuot

goa cljo glpkrfujoa tkropl ofjoflalsosl urlak. 89% poslka ojoa `k`nkrljoa rkspda sktkfoh 78 co`

gkaeoa oatlnldtljo tuaeeof skpkrtl o`plslfla = ero` goa trl`ktrdprl` >99 ̀ e. Nlfo labkjsl ̀ kaktop

glskrtol jkfolaoa urlaoflsls glpkrfujoa tkropl jdavkasldaof skfoò ;-?9 horl.?;


14/35

?7

LF[]WÔ]L JO][]

Wkfoh glrowot skdroae poslka woalto nkruùr >; tohua gl noaesof Ykayojlt Gofo` ^][Y

@. Gco`lf skcoj toaeeof >; ]kptk`nkr >9?7 gkaeoa

Jkfuhoa [toò 3 Aykrl pkrskagloa jojl yoae skòjla nkrot skcoj ; horl sknkfu` òsuj ruòh

sojlt

^lwoyot Ykayojlt ]kjoroae 3

Aykrl pkrskagloa jojl yoae skòjla nkrot skcoj ; horl sknkfu` òsuj ruòh sojlt.

Aykrl sugoh ùfol glrosojoa skcoj + 7 nufoa yoae fofu. Aykrl glrosojoa pogo

pkrskagloa jojl yoae nkrfoaesuae tkrus `kakrus, aykrl skòjla nkrot skhlaeeo

poslka sk`pot tlgoj soaeeup nkrcofoa. Aykrl cueo glrosojoa pogo pkrskagloa nohu

skrto corl-corl toaeoa. Wlgoj gltkùjoa ogoayo pk`nkaejojoa, joju-joju gl poel

horl tlgoj ogo goa jk`krohoa pogo skagl yoae aykrl tlgoj ogo. Yoslka `k`nkfl

skaglrl dnot pkaehlfoae aykrl gl tdjd dnot + = nufoa yoae fofu. Aoò dnot fupo, dnot

gl`lau` sktlop horl soot pkrskagloa glrosojoa sojlt. ]k`kacoj ltu poslka skrlae

`krosojoa ùof goa tkrjogoae ùatoh.

Nkrmoj-nkrmoj nkrworao jk`krohoa gl plpl skcoj + > nufoa yoae fofu. ]kòjla ckfos

cljo tkrjkao poporoa slaor òtohorl.

ô`nut skrlae rdatdj tkrutoò cljo skgoae glslslr skcoj + > nufoa yoae fofu.

]orlowoa yoae hlfoae-tl`nuf skcoj + > nufoa yoae fofu, sorlowoa tkroso pkrlh

skhlaeeo `kayufltjoa uatuj òjoa. ]orlowoa nkrjuroae soot glrowot goa glnkrljoa

pkaednotoa gl ^] @uord Nuaed + > nufoa yoae fofu, sorlowoa jk`nofl ùamuf ?

nufoa sktkfoh poslka glpkrndfkhjoa pufoae goa jk`nofl nkrjuroae sktkfoh glrowot

goa gltkropl jkguo joflayo.

Ykrut tkroso aykrl skcoj + > nufoa yoae fofu. Aykrl hlfoae tl`nuf, tlgoj glpkaeoruhl

dfkh òjoaoa. @uof goa ùatoh skskjofl nkrlsl òjoaoa. Aykrl skòjla nkrot

hlaeeo poslka jkùgloa glrowot gl ^] @uord Nuaed gkaeoa jktkroaeoa eoaeeuoa

pogo sofuroa mkrao. ]oot pkrowotoa glposoae skfoae hlguae goa jkfuor goroh, pogo

soot ltu NON nkrworao hlto`. Glfojujoa pkrowotoa + ? nufoa goa gltroasbusl >

joatdae, jkùgloa glpkrndfkhjoa pufoae goa rowot cofoa gl pdfljflalj ^].


15/35


16/35

?2

Yk`krljsooa [ù`

Jksogoroa 3 Md`pds`katls Mddpkrotlvk

Wkjoaoa goroh 3 ?=9/89 ``He

Aogl 3 88 x/`kalt, tkrotur, pkaelsloa mujup Aobos 3 >> x/`kalt

]uhu 3 =5¹M

Jkogooa uù` 3 ]kgoae

Jkogooa elzl 3 Nolj

Nkrot nogoa 3 75 je

Wlaeel nogoa 3 ?;8 m`

N@L 3 ?8,8 (adròf)

Kgkò 3 (-)

Ljtkrlj 3 (-)

Oak`ls 3 (+)

]loadsls 3 (-)

Juflt 3 turedr nolj, ljtkrlj (-)

Jkfkacor ektoh nkalae 3 Woj tkrono pk`nksoroa jkfkacor ektoh nkalae

Jkpofo 3 Gkbdr`ltos (-)

Uocoh 3 @ojufo hlpkrple`katosl pogo plpl

ô`nut 3 Hlto`, ùgoh rdatdj, ofdpkmlo (+)

@oto 3 Jdacuaetlvo oak`ls, sjfkro tlgoj ljtkrlj

Wkflaeo 3 Woj ogo jkfolaoa

Hlguae 3 Woj ogo jkfolaoa

Wkaeedrdjoa 3 Woj ogo jkfolaoa

Elel goa ùfut 3 Morlks (-), joaglglosls drof (-), otrdbl poplf flgoh (-), ufjus (+)

Fkhkr 3 CRY ; - > m`H>D


17/35

?5

Gogo

Yoru gkpoa

Laspkjsl 3 ]l`ktrls jlrl 0 joaoa, stotls goa glao`ls

Yofposl 3 Brk`ltus jlrl 0 joaoa

Ykrjusl 3 ]dadr, notos pkjoj hkpor ^LM R joaoa

Ousjuftosl 3 Rksljufkr, rdajhl (-/-), whkkzlae (-)

Yoru nkfojoae

Laspkjsl 3 ]l`ktrls jlrl 0 joaoa

Yofposl 3 Brk`ltus jlrl 0 joaoa

Ykrjusl 3 ]dadr, pkroacojoa poru > corl

Ousjuftosl 3 Rksljufkr, rdajhl (-/-), whkkzlae (-)

Coatuae

Laspkjsl 3 Ljtus tlgoj tkrflhot

Yofposl 3 Ljtus tlgoj juot oaejot, tkrono ? corl `kglof F@M] ^LM R

Ykrjusl 3 Notos coatuae otos ^LM LL, joaoa flako stkraofls gkxtro, jlrl ? corl `kglof F@M]

^LM R, plaeeoae coatuae (+)

Ousjuftosl 3 Nuayl coatuae ùral, lroò coatuae rkeufkr, @? 1 @>, Y> 6 O>, nlslae coatuae (-)

Ongd`ka

Laspkjsl 3 Wlgoj ao`poj `k`nksor

Yofposl 3 ]upkf, hkpor tkrono > corl nowoh ormus mdstoru`, > corl nowoh prdmkssus

xyphdlgkus, jdslstkasl jkayof, pkrùjooa roto, plaeelr toco`

aykrl tkjoa kpleostrlu` (+). Flka ]9


18/35

?8

Ykrjusl 3 Wl`poal

Ousjuftosl 3 Nlslae usus (+) adròf

Yuaeeuae 3 Aykrl tkjoa goa aykrl jktdj sugut MRO (-), òsso (-)

Ofot jkfo`la 3 Wlgoj ogo jkfolaoa

Oaus 3 Wlgoj ogo jkfolaoa

Oaeedto ekroj 3 Hoaeot, pkaelsloa joplfkr nolj, kgkò -/-, rkbfkj blsldfdels +/+, rkbfkj potdfdels

-/-

Fondrotdrlu` 3

Goroh

Hk`defdnla 3 8,? e/gf

Hkòtdjrlt 3 >;%

Fkujdslt 3 2.;99/``=

Wrd`ndslt 3 >=9.999/``=

Hltuae Ckals 3 9/9/?/9-=9

Fkujdslt 3 ?99-?>9 /FYN Nlflrunla 3 -

Krltrdslt 3 ;-?9 /FYN [rdnlfladeka 3 +


19/35

?<

Jrlstof 3 Akeotlb

Bksks

@ojrdsjdpls @ljrdsjdplsUorao 3 mdjfot Fkujdslt 3 ?->

Jdaslstkasl 3 fuaoj Krltrdslt 3 9-?

Goroh 3 - O`uno 3 -

Fkaglr 3 - Wkfur momlae 3 -

KJE

- Lro`o 3 ]laus

- H^ 3


20/35

>9

Gloeadsls Jkrco

- Fupus krltkòtdus slstk`lj gkaeoa akbrltls fupus

- Labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh

-

Eostrdpotl A]OLG - Oak`lo skgoae adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km hk`dfltlj km outdlùa

Gloeadsls Noaglae 3

- @lxkg mdaakmtlvk tlssuk glskosk

- ^hkuòtdlg ortrltls

- Oak`lo skgoae adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km hk`dfltlj km ada-outdlùa

Wkropl 3

- Lstlrohot, @N Ê LL GF LL ?;99 Jjof (Jorndhlgrot ; er, Fkòj x? e LR

- Yoromkto`df =x;99 è YD

- Foasdprozdf >x=9 è YD

-

]ujrofbot syrup =xmL

Yk`krljsooa oacuroa 3

Oatl-gsGAO

Goroh pkrlbkr fkaejop (@MR, @MH, @MHM)

Boof elacof (urku` goa jrkotlala)

Boof hkpor (ofnu`la,efdnufla,]EDW,]EYW)

Kfkjtrdflt (Aotrlu`, Joflu`, Mfdrlgo)

^dateka skagl

Kjpkrtlsk ^dateka thdroj

[]E Ongd`ka

Juftur urlak


21/35

>?

Bdffdw [p

Woaeeof >; ]kptk`nkr >9?7

- Aykrl skagl (+)

- Gkò` (-)

-

]orlowoa (+)

- @uof (+)

- Aykrl pkrut (-)

-

D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ??9/59 ``He

Aogl 3 87x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 >> x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =5,2dM

Fondrotdrlu`

Ao+ 3 ?=7 ``df/f

J + 3 7,> ``df/f

Mf- 3 ??= ``df/f

[rku` 3 79 è/gf

Jrkotlala 3 9,5 è/gf

]EDW 3 ,= e/gf

Efdnufla 3 =,; e/gf

@MR 3 8> bf

@MH 3 >;,2 pe

@MHM 3 =?,? %

FGH 3 >7; u/f

Jksoa 3 Eoaeeuoa buaesl hotl, oak`lo adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj

]ljop 3 Mkj rktljufdslt

Mdd`n“s tkst

Co` ?;399

Hoslf rktljufdslt 3 ?,>%

Jksoa 3 oak`lo adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km suspkj hkùfltlj outdlùa

Jdasuf Jdasuftoa ^hkuòtdfdel

Jksoa 3 Fupus krltkòtdus slstk`lj gkaeoa akbrltls fupus


22/35

>>

Ogvls 3 Oatl gsGAO

Wkropl 3 - @kthyfprkgalsdfda 9,8 è/jeNN glnoel = gdsls (?2-?2-8 è)

- Jfdrdjula ?x>99 è

- Foasdprozdfk >x=9 è

- ]ujrofbot syr =xmL

- Dstkdmof ?x? ton

Jdasuf Jdasuftoa Eostrdkatkrdhkpotdfdel

Jksoa 3 Eostrdpotl A]OLG

Wkropl 3 - Foasdprozdfk >x=9 è

- ]ujrofbot syr =xmL

- Wkropl fola foacutjoa

Woaeeof >2 ]kptk`nkr >9?7

- Aykrl skagl (+)

-

Gkò` (-)

- @uof (-)

-

Aykrl pkrut (-)D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ??9/59 ``He

Aogl 3 58x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 >9 x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =2,;dM

Hoslf Mdd`n“s tkst 3 Ydsltlb

Jksoa 3 Oak`lo adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km hk`dfltlj km outdlùa

Jdasuf Jdasuftoa Hkòtdfdel Dajdfdel @kglj

Jksoa 3 Oak`lo adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km hk`dfltlj km outdlùa

Ogvls 3 - @kthyfprkgalsdfda 9,8 è/jeNN glnoel = gdsls (?2-?2-8 è)

- Foasdprozdfk >x=9 è

- ]ujrofbot =xmL

- Dstkdmof ?x? ton


23/35

>=


- Aykrl skagl (+)

-

Gkò` (-)

- @uof (-)

-

Aykrl pkrut (-)

D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ?>9/89 ``He

Aogl 3 87x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 ?8 x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =2,8dM

Jkfuor Hoslf ^dateka Ortlmufotld @oaus kt Ykgls

Jksoa 3 ]ksuol eo`noroa fupus krltkòtdus pogo skagl ortlmufotld wrlst skrto morpdphofoax goa

torsdphofoax


- Aykrl skagl (+)

- Gkò` (-)

- @uof (-)

- Aykrl pkrut (-)

D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ??9/89 ``He

Aogl 3 8>x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 >9 x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =5,>dM

Jdasuf Jdasuftoa Ofkrel Lùadfdel

Jksoa 3 Fupus Krltkòtdsus ]lstk`ljWkropl 3 Foacut

Oacuroa 3 JN ada hdr`daof

Dptlòfjoa tkropl eostrdpotl A]OLG

Woaeeof =9 ]kptk`nkr >9?7

- Aykrl skagl (+)

- Gkò` (-)

- @uof (-)

- Aykrl pkrut (-)

D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ?=9/59``He

Aogl 3 88x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 ?8 x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =2,5dM

Jkfuor Hoslf []E ongd`ka

Hkpor 3 @k`nksor gkaeoa gkasltos hlpkrkjhdlj hofus hd`deka, ]DF (-), vosjufkr goa


24/35

>7

nlflkr toj `kfknor, osmltks `lalòf

Joaguae k`pkgu 3 Woj `kfknor, notu (-), glaglae toj `kaknof

Yoajrkos goa flka 3 Gofo` notos adròf

Elacof 3 Woj `k`nksor, notu (-), jofljs toj `kfknor, strujtur kjhd porkajhl`

hlpkrkjhdlj, glbkrkaslosl jdrtkj goa `kguffo òslh ckfos

Jksoa 3 Hkpotdspfkad`keofl gkaeoa suspkj akbrltls goa osmltks `lalòf.

Jdasuf Jdasuftoa Elacof-Hlpkrtkasl

Jksoa 3 ]uspkj akbrltls fupus gkaeoa L]J

Ogvls 3 - [rlaoflsls ufoae, juftur urlak

- Yrdtkla >7 co`

Wkropl 3 Foacutjoa tkropl

> Djtdnkr >9?7

- Aykrl skagl (+)

- Gkò` (-)

- @uof (-)

- Aykrl pkrut (-)

D/ J[ 3 ]kgoae Jksogoroa 3 M@M WG 3 ?99/29``He

Aogl 3 88x /`kalt, rkeufkr Aobos 3 >7x/`kalt ]uhu 3 =2,8dM

Jkfuor Hoslf [rlaoflsls & Ksnomh

Yrdtkla 3 +

Efujdso 3 -

Fkujdslt 3 ?9-?;/FYN

Krltrdslt 3 ?;->9/FYN

Jrlstof 3 Akeotlb

Kpltkf 3 7-2

]lflagkr 3 Akeotlb

Nlflrunla 3 Akeotlb [rdnlfladeka 3 +

Ksnomh 3 9,?>; e/>7 co`

Jksoa 3 ]uspkj akbrltls fupus gkaeoa labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh


25/35

>;

Jkfuor Hoslf L``uadskrdfdel

Oatl-gsGAO 3 =8; L[/`F

Jksoa 3 Fupus krltk`otdsus slstk`lj


26/35

>2

GL]J[]L

Wkfoh glrowot skdroae poslka pkrk`puoa uùr >; tohua gl noaesof pkayojlt gofo` ^] @. Gco`lf

gkaeoa gloeadsls3

- Fupus krltkòtdus slstk`lj gkaeoa akbrltls fupus

- Labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh

- Eostrdpotl A]OLG

- Oak`lo skgoae adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj km hk`dfltlj km outdlùa

Gloeadsls yoae gltkeojjoa pogo poslka lal ogofoh Fupus Krltkòtdsus ]lstk`lj (]ystk`lm

fupus krythkòtdsus / ]FK) gkaeoa akbrltls fupus nkrgosorjoa oaoàksls, pk`krljsooa blslj goa

pk`krljsooa pkauacoae. Gorl oaoàksls ogoayo jkfuhoa aykrl pogo pkrskagloa, ro`nut ùgoh

rdatdj, juflt ùgoh jk`krohoa cljo tkrpopor òtohorl. Yogo pk`krljsooa blslj gltkùjoa ruo`

òfor, ofdpkmlo, ufjus pogo ùfut. Yk`krljsooa pkauacoae `kakùjoa ogoayo prdtklaurlo +?,

slflagkr eroaufkr, oak`lo hk`dfltlj outdlùa goa Oatl-gsGAO yoae pdsltlb. Gkaeoa `kòjol

jrltkrlo OM^ yoae gl`dglbljosl tohua ?


27/35

>5

Ojtlvltos blslj yoae mujup tktop glpkrfujoa pogo poslka lal uatuj ̀ k`pkrtohoajoa gkasltos tufoae

goa nkrot nogoa adròf, tkrfknlh pogo poslka lal `k`pkrdfkh tkropl stkrdlg coaejo poacoae. Wkropl

boròjdfdels utoò yoae glnkrljoa pogo poslka lal nkrupo jdrtljdstkrdlg (`ktlfprkgalsdfda) 9,8

è/je NN/horl yoae tkrnoel gofo` tleo gdsls goa jfdrdjula 7 è/je NN/horl. Ykaednotoa ]FK

nkrtucuoa uatuj `kagopotjoa òso rk`lsl yoae poacoae, `kauruajoa ojtlvltos pkayojlt skrlaeoa

ùaejla, `kaeuroael roso aykrl goa `k`kflhoro buaesl dreoa oeor ojtlvltos hlgup jkskhorloa

tktop nolj euao `kamopol juofltos hlgup yoae dptlòf. Hlaeeo jlal pkaotofojsoaooa ]FK nkfu`

gopot glsk`nuhjoa sk`purao. Aoùa, pkaednotoa yoae tkpot gopot `kakjoa ekcofo jflals goa

jd`pfljosl yoae ùaejla tkrcogl `kaeotosl bosk ojut goa gkaeoa gk`ljloa gopot `k`pkrpoacoae

rk`lsl goa survlvof rotk.

Ykrfu glfojujoa pkòatouoa nkrjofo buaesl elacof pogo poslka lal `kfoful pk`krljsooa urlak

rutla tkrutoò skgl`ka, jogor jrkotlala goroh, ofnu`la skru`, prdtklaurlo goa jflrkas jrkotlala.

@daltdrlae nkreoatuae sltuosl jflals glòao pogo roplgfy prderksslvk efd`krufdakphrltls

`k`krfujoa poatouoa jrkotlala horloa. Yk`nkrloa jdrtljdstkrdlg fknlh gorl 5,; è/horl gofo`

coaejo poacoae (fknlh gorl = nufoa) `k`krfujoa supfk`katosl jofslu`. Ykrfu glfojujoa

pkòatouoa buaesl ̀ oto pogo poslka fkwot pk`krljsooa buagusjdpl goa pkrl`ktrl sktlop =-2 nufoa

`kaelaeot kbkj so`plae gorl jfdrdjula yoae glnkrljoa pogo poslka. ]kfola ltu poslka gloacurjoa

uatuj `kaehkatljoa pkòjoloa jdatroskpsl hdr`daof lackjsl yoae sugoh + 7 tohua glpojol goa

nkroflh jk jdatroskpsl folaayo skpkrtl jdagd`. Ykòjoloa jdatroskpsl laro utkrlak gkvlmk (L[G)

tlgoj glrkjd`kagosljoa `kaelaeot rksljd labkjsl yoae glùaejlajoa jorkao poslka

`kaejdasu`sl jdrtljdstkrdlg. ]kfola ltu cueo gloacurjoa noel poslka lal uatuj ̀ kauago jkho`lfoa

nkrljutayo `kaelaeot rksljd yoae tlaeel noel lnu goa coala.

Oak`lo yoae glofo`l poslka glojlnotjoa dfkh prdsks hk`dfltlj outdlùa yoae skrlae

gltkùjoa pogo poslka pkagkrlto FK]. Ykakeojjoa gloeadsls nkrgosorjoa eo`noroa goroh tkpl

glòao gltkùjoa adr`dsltlj adr`djrd`lj gkaeoa pdfljrdòsl. Yk`krljsooa @MR, @MH,

@MHM yoae gofo` notos adròf ̀ kaejdablròsl tkùoa eo`noroa goroh tkpl. Mdd`n“s tkst yoae

pdsltlb sksuol gkaeoa prdsks hk`dfltlj outdlùa yoae glofo`l poslka. Wkropl jdrtljdstkrdlg FK]

yoae glnkrljoa pogo poslka lal ojoa `kaeuroael hk`dflsls outdlùa poslka skhlaeeo glhoropjoa

oak`lo ojoa tkrjdrkjsl soot pkayojlt gosor sugoh tkrjkagofl. Wroasbusl goroh woshkg rkg mkff

(U^M) pogo poslka lal sknoljayo glnkrljoa cljo tkrgopot eoaeeuoa hk`dglao`lj.


28/35

>8

Eostrdpotl A]OLG yoae glofo`l poslka lal glsknonjoa dfkh pkaeeuaooa A]OLG yoae glnkfl

skaglrl pogo poslka gofo` coaejo wojtu yoae mujup foò. Ykòjoloa A]OLG `kaeeoaeeu

slatksls prdstoefoagla yoae ojoa `kayknonjoa eoaeeuoa pogo pkrtohoaoa goa pkrnoljoa ùjdso

sofuroa mkrao. @kaurut fltkrotur foaejoh utoò gofo` pkaoaeoaoa eostrdpotl A]OLG ogofoh

pkaehkatloa oeka A]OLG pkayknon eostrdpotl. Cljo glpkrfujoa gopot glnkrljoa A]OLG gdsls

rkagoh goa wojtu slaejot gofo` pkòatouoa yoae jktot. ]knoljayo glplflh ckals A]OLG ckals

MDX>-lahlnltdr skpkrtl mkfkxdmln goa rdbkxdmln yoae fknlh oòa. Ykakfltloa `kauacujjoa YYL

nkròaboot `kayk`nuhjoa goa `kamkeoh eostrdpotl A]OLG gkaeoa otou toapo pkaehkatloa

A]OLG.

Yogo poslka lal glgopotjoa suotu labkjsl sofuroa jk`lh (L]J) toapo glgopotjoa ekcofo jflals

yoae nloso gltkùl pogo poslka gkaeoa L]J. Jkmurleooa ojoa ogoayo L]J glpkrdfkh jorkao

tlaeelayo fkujdslt pogo pk`krljsooa urlaoflsls yoae sugoh glfojujoa pk`krljsooa ufoaeoa. L]J

skrlae gltkùjoa pogo woalto glòao glfopdrjoa >;-=;% woalto ojoa `kaeofo`l L]J skpoacoae

hlgupayo. Ykrfu glfojujoa juftur urlak pogo poslka uatuj `kakatujoa opojoh tkrgopot nojtkrlurlo

yoae nkròjao pogo poslka lal glòao ojoa glgopotjoa pkrtu`nuhoa `ljrddreoals`k fknlh gorl

?9; mdfday bdr`lae ualt (mbu/`f). Ykaotofojsoaooa L]J pogo poslka lal ogofoh gkaeoa pk`nkrloa

mkbdtoxl` lackjsl >x? e


29/35

><

GOBWO^ Y[]WOJO

?. Wutuamu SA, Jofualoa JM. Whk Gk• laltlda oag mfosl• lmotlda db systk`lm fupus

krythkòtdsus. La3 Uoffomk GC, Hoha NH, kgltdrs. Gundl“s fupus krythkòtdsus. 5th kg.

Yhlfogkfphlo. Flpplamdtt Ulfflo` & Ulfjlas: >9953?2-?<

>. Hoha NH. Glsdrgkrs db L`ùak-@kglotkg Mkff Lacury. La3 Bouml O], Nrouawofg K, kgltdrs.

Horrlsda's ^hkuòtdfdey. >ag Kgltlda. Yhlfogkfphlo. @mErow-Hlff: >9?9 3 22-2<

=. Goamhkajd A, ]otlo CO, Oathday @]. Kplgk`ldfdey db systk`lm fupus krythkòtdsus3 o

md`porlsda db wdrfgwlgk glskosk nurgka. Fupus. >992:?;(;)3=98-?8

7. Goto gorl pdfl pkayojlt gofo` ^] Mlptdòaeuajusu`d Cojorto, >9?9

;. Goto gorl pdfljflalj rkuòtdfdel ^] Hosoa ]ogljla Noaguae, >9?9

2. Mkrvkro ^, Jhoòshto @O, Bdat C, ]knostloal EG, Elf O, Fovlffo Y, kt of . @drnlglty oag

`drtoflty la systk`lm fupus krythkòtdsus gurlae o ?9-ykor pkrldg, o md`porlsda db korfy

oag fotk òalbkstotlda la o mdhdrt db ?999 potlkats. @kglmlak >99=:8>3>992=-?=99

8. Nkrtslos EJ, Ldoaalgls CYO, Ndfktls C, Nd`norglkrl ], Mkrvkro ^, Gdstof M, kt of. K[FO^

rkmd``kagotldas bdr thk òaoek`kat db systk`lm fupus krythkòtdsus (]FK). ^kpdrt db

o Wosj Bdrmk db thk Kurdpkoa ]toaglae Md``lttkk bdr Latkraotldaof Mflalmof ]tuglks

Lamfuglae Whkropkutlms (K]ML]LW). Oaa ^hku` Gls >998:253?9;

997:?;3>7?-;9.

?9. Nuyda C Y. ]ystk`lm fupus krythkòtdsus o mflalmof oag fondrotdry bkoturks L a3 Jflppkf CH.

Yrl`kr Yrl`kr da thk rhkuòtlm glskosks. ?=th kg. Otfoato3 Orthrltls Bduagotlda. >9983=9=-

?8??. Josc`lr \, Hoagdad J, Ulcoyo F kt of. Gloeadso goa Ykaekfdfooa Fupus Krltkòtdsus

]lstk`lj. Ykrhl`puaoa ^kòtdfdel Lagdakslo >9??3?-;7

?>. Nojto L@. Oak`lo hk`dfltlj. Gofo`3 Hkòtdfdel jflalj rlaejos. Kgltdr. Jhostlboh goa

Yurno GF. Ykakrnlt Nuju Jkgdjtkroa KEM. Cojorto >9953 5?-55


30/35

=9

?=. Fkmhakr j, Coekr u. Hdw L Wrkot Outdl``uak Hk`dfytlm Oak`los la Ogufts. Nfddg >9?9:

??2(??)3 ?8=?-?8=8

?7. Cdha Gkf Roffk. Ykptlm [fmkr Glskosk oag ^kfotkg Glsdrgkrs. La3 Fdaed GF, Bouml O],

kgltdrs. Horrlsda's Eostrdkatkrdfdey oag Hkpotdfdey. Yhlfogkfphlo. @mErow-Hlff: >9?93

?=?-?7?.

?;. ]ujoagor K. Labkjsl ]ofuroa Jk`lh Yoslka Gkwoso. Nuju Ocor Lf`u Ykayojlt Gofo`.

Cojorto: >9923 ;27-28.


31/35

=?


32/35

=>

Eo`noroa Goroh Wkpl

[rlaoflsls


33/35

==

KJE

^dateka Whdrox


34/35

=7

^dateka pkrskagloa

[]E Ongd`ka


35/35

@uho``og Blrgous Cozlf Jorl`l

YYG] Lf`u Ykayojlt Gofo`

Wohop ?

Bojuftos Jkgdjtkroa [alvkrsltos Oagofos

^] G^ @ Gco`lf Yogoae

`TblrgousTcjIyohdd.md`

https3//www.bomknddj.md`/BlrgousCJ