Download pdf - Let's Talk LTE

7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE

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Mohamed Hassan


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LTE Introduction

LTE Mission

LTE Technologies (What is new)

LTE Advanced

Main Aim

Technologies (What is new)

LTE Vs. HSPA

Technical Comparison

LTE NW Drivers for Operators

Spectrum Story (War) in UK

Current Spectrum view

Ofcom Auction

Design Considerations.

Operational Considerations

Agenda


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Reduced delays.

Increased user data rates.

Increased cell-edge bit-rate. Reduced cost per bit.

Reasonable power consumption for themobile terminal

Greater flexibility of spectrum usage, inboth new and pre-existing bands;

Simplified network architecture;

seamless mobility, including betweendifferent radio-access technologies;

LTERequirementsWas set 2005

LTE Mission


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LTE Technologies


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Different spectrum bandwidths canbe utilized from 1.4MHZ to 20MHZ

Fractional frequency re-use andinterference coordination betweencells are facilitated

SC-FDMA has a significantly lowerPAPR (Peak to Average PowerRatio), So can be used withHandsets.

LTE Technologies (OFDMA and SC-FDMA)


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LTE Technologies (Multiple Antenna)Diversity gain. Array gain.

(Beamforming) Spatial multiplexinggain. (MIMO)

Use of the space-diversity

provided by the multiple

antennas to improve the

robustness of thetransmission against

multipath fading.

Concentration of energy in

one or more given

directions via precoding or

beam forming. This alsoallows multiple users

located in different

directions to be served

simultaneously (so-called

multi-user MIMO).

Transmission of multiple

signal streams to a single

user on multiple spatial

layers created bycombinations of the

available antennas.


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LTE has been designed as a completely packet-orientedmultiservice system

Use of the lessons learnt in HSDPA, Coupling the two lowerlayers for faster adaptation to radio environment changes

To Improve system latency the packet duration was furtherreduced from the 2 ms used in HSDPA down to just 1 ms

Adaptation of the MIMO configuration including the selectionof the number of spatial layers transmitted simultaneously,

LTE Technologies (Packet-Switched Radio

Interface)


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The LTE system has been designed to support a compact set of fivecategories of UE

LTE technologies (User Equipment's

capability)

UE Category

1 2 3 4 5

Maximum Downlink Data (Mbps) 10 50 100 150 300

Maximum Uplink data rate (Mbps) 5 25 50 50 75

Number if receive antennas required 2 2 2 2 4

Number of downlink MIMO streams Supported 1 2 2 2 4

Support of 64QAM modulation in downlink yes yes yes yes yes

Support of 64QAM modulation in uplink no no no no yes

Relative memory requirements for physical layer

processing (normalised to category 1 level)1 4.9 4.9 7.3 14.6


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LTE Network Architecture

E-UTRAN EPC

Radio resource

Management Header Compression Security over air Connectivity to EPC

PCRF:- Policy Control Function

HSS:- User Subscription (Similar to HLR)P-GW:- Control IP allocation, Charging, QoSenforcementS-GW:-IP User Plane, Mobility Anchor, Inter-Systemmobility Anchor nodeMME:- Mobility Management Signalling


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HSPA Vs. LTE


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LTE VS HSPA

Category LTE HSPA Winner Comment

E2E RTT (Round TripTime


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LTE Network Drivers

HSPA is quickly reaching capacity limits. More Sites are needed to provide Capacity . But with Limited Spectrum there

isnt much operator can doCapacity

LTE 800 and 1800 Bands provide better coverage option for operatorsCoverage LTE use flat architecture ,, which requires

HSPA+ network does already exist , supporting higher capabilities mayrequire SW investment in Network upgrades.

Cost HSPA+ devices are slow penetrating the market , which erode any efficiency

introduced

LTE is better scalable technology , Devices mix can still achieve higherefficiency

Devices LTE Technology is scalable, and very flexible with BWs(1.4.3.5.10.15.20)

compared to 5MHZ WCDMA

LTE Technology can be used with 15 different Bands (Very Flexible)Future


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Verdict is


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Band Usage Vodafone Three O2 EE

900

2G 12.4MHZ - 12.4MHZ -

UMTS 5MHZ - 5MHZ -

LTE - - - -

1800

2G 5.8MHZ 5.8MHZ 45+15MHZ

UMTS - - - -

LTE - - - -

2100 UMTS 14.6(3*5MHZ) 14.6(3*5MHZ) 10(2*5MHZ) 20(4*5MHZ)

800 (2X30 MHz) LTE Digital dividend (AWAITING AUCTIONS)

2600 (2x95MHz) LTE (AWAITING AUCTIONS)

Current Spectrum Story


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LTE Coverage best Scenario

Operator options

Macro 800 Mhz800 Mhz

Micro

1800/2600Band 1800/2600

Band

Femto2600Band


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Spectrum Wars#1

800 Spectrum

Best to provide LTEcoverage,

not enough for all of theoperators to provide decent

capacity.

Three and EE claim that VFand O2 have already Sub1GHz spectrum , so trying tolimit what VF and O2 can getin next auction.

Ofcom will impose 95%

coverage on one of thelicenses on this band

Not all 800 band is

1800 Spectrum

Second best spectrum toprovide coverage, 1800 LTEcoverage is better than 2600one by 3dB (better coverage )

EE dominance in 1800 Bandallow them to re farm 20MHZof the 1800 band for LTEservice, GSM NW can runwith nearly 25MHZ ofspectrum

EE has to sell 15MHz of its1800 Band , because of themerger decisoin

2600 Spectrum

Worst to provide Coverage ,with typical cell range of400m

Costly Solution to providecoverage.

There enough for all operator Suitable for small cell(Femto ,Micros, Picos..),capacity solution

There 2 *95 Spectrum ,enough to slice betweenOperators


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Ofcom imposed Caps as:-

An overall spectrum cap of 2 x 105 MHz (Mainly to Limit EE)

A sub-1GHz spectrum cap of 2 x 27.5 MHz (Mainly to Limit VF , and O2 )

Minimum holding for 4thnational competitor (i.e Three)

Spectrum Auction#1

Vodafone EE O2 Three

Current Total Spectrum 2*37.2 2*65+2*15 2*32.2 15

Current Sub 1GHZ Holding 17.5MHZ 0 17MHZ 0

Maxium Spectrum can be won 2*80 2*40MHZ

Maximum Sub 1GHZ can be won 2*10MHZ 2*27MHZ 2*10MHZ 2*27.5


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Ofcom is inclined to guarantee 4thNational wholesaler one of the followinggroup

Obviously Options 5/6 is the best option for this vendor (i.e. 3) which canallow for the sharing with EE and continue MBNL story

option 4 is second best, if 3 want to build its LTE own network

Spectrum Auction #2

Portfolio 800 MHz 1800 MHz 2.6 GHz

3 2 x 15 MHz

4 2x 10 MHz 2 x 10 MHz

5 2 x 10 MHz 2x 15 MHz

6 2x 15 MHz 2 x 10 MHz


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Scenario Band Vodafone EE O2 Three Comment

Scenario 1 800 5MHZ 10MHZ 5MHZ 10MHZ Assuming group 5

for 3 UK

900 5MHZ - 5MHZ - O2 and VF can

deploy second U900

then convert to LTE

when devices are

ready

1800 5MHZ 20MHZ 5MHZ 15MHZ Assuming group 5

for 3 UK

2600 25 20 25 25 Assuming EE will be

capped.

LTE Possible Scenarios in UK

Other Scenarios can exist depending on final decision on reservation for the 4thwholesaler

Hard to believe the no operator will get a slice in the 800 Band , but it can happen (money

talks)

Parts of the 800 Band is interfering with TV services, 3% of houses will need filters , left for the

winning wholesaler to deal with.

Vodafone and O2 will have to bring their 900 into LTE game, even if in phases , i.e. 2ndcarrier

HSPA 900 then migrate that to LTE

1800 Band will suit 3 more, in its Joint venture with EE or any other operator in UK.


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Scenario Band Vodafone EE O2 Three Comment

Scenario 2 800 10MHZ - 10MHZ 10MHZ Assuming VF deeppocket and O2, and

EE no real need for

800

900 5MHZ - 5MHZ - O2 and VF can

deploy second U900

then convert to LTEwhen devices are

ready

1800 5MHZ 20MHZ 5MHZ 15MHZ Assuming group 5

for 3 UK

2600 25 20 25 25 Assuming EE will be

capped.

LTE Possible Scenarios in UK

This Scenario suit more VF and O2 , as they provide capacity and coverage using the 800MHZ

band

EE may prefer this option to save initial high cost Spectrum cost.


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LTE Release10 is set to provide higher bitrates in acost efficient way .

Increased peak data rate, DL 3 Gbps, UL 1.5 Gbps

Higher spectral efficiency, from a maximum of16bps/Hz in R8 to 30 bps/Hz in R10

Increased number of simultaneously activesubscribers

LTE Advanced main aim


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CarrierAggregation

Higher orderMIMO

Relay Nodes

LTE advanced Main technologies


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What Spectrum Band? (800,1800,2600)

What is BW ? (1.4,3,5,10,15,20MHZ)

Impact on GSM of reframing? Need BW +1 Channel(200K) as guard channelboth ends

Impact on GSM signal interference , because of reframing

Micro. Macro and Femto spectrum Allocations

Spectrum

Which Bands are likely to be used

Multiband antennas for different systems (800,900,1800,2600)

MIMO System (can we really support 4x4 MIMO)Antenna System

Site TX BW (3 Sectors can achieve 300mbps , how much we can allocateinitially)

UMTS and LTE BW AllocationsTX BW

E-UTRAN Design Consideration#1


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CSFB, Circuit Switched Fall Back (3GPP specification 23.272) to GSM/UMTS SV-LTE - simultaneous voice LTE (CSFB+LTE over 2 radios)

One Voice / later called Voice over LTE, VoLTE:The Voice over LTE, VoLTEscheme for providing voice over an LTE system utilises IMS enabling it tobecome part of a rich media solution.

Voice

NAS Messages (end with MME

AS Messages end with E-NB

User Plan (No specification , Security GW) New Scenarios (Home E-PLMN, Relay Nodes for LTE

advanced)Security

Spectrum Diversity will make it difficult to do LTEroamingRoaming

Impact on maintenance and site availabilitySite SolutionComplexity

E-UTRAN Design Consideration#2


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EPC Design Consideration

MME only from Same RAN vendor MME from Existing Packet Core Vendor

E2E Solution from one vendor (RAN +EPC)Vendor Selection

Migrating 2G/3G traffic to EPC is beingstandaredised

Migrate traffic toEPC

Centralized bearer/distributed control:

Centralized control/distributed bearer

Completely centralized

Completely distributed

DeploymentArchitecture

Security

Local offload points

IMS and many moreAnd many more


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Self Configuration (Including Self Cell ID (PCI), IPassociation with GW)

Self Initial radio parameter (Neighbours , X2 Interface,Inter RAT neighbours)

Self Optimisation (neighbour, Coverage and capacity)

Self healing (Outage detection.

SON (SelfOrganised

Networks)

Complex Site Solution will add complexity inmaintaining thatSiteMaintenance

Operational Consideration