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BFPBFIKDK DF VWK – IVCVBK ZKPK SV FXZAPTKCLAE KIBFPCKDA FSTKDAVELDFESF

DFDLCKTAPLK

’K evfstpas zkdpfs zap fi kza|a lecaedlclaeki

[vf eas hke `pledkda%‒

ÂEDLCF MMD OPAVZ SKC ;




CKZLTVIA L

zëo% 8

;% PFSVBFE FMFCVTLWA

0% LDFK DFI EFOACLA

0%; Caestltvclóe df ik fbzpfsk

3% KEËILSLS DFI FETAPEA

3%; Keëilsls dfi bkcpa fetapea

3%;%; Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck bvedlki

3%0 Keëilsls df i blcpa fetapea

3%0%; Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck df ias FF%VV

3%0%0 Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck dfi Zfpý

3%0%3 Tlza df ckb`la baeftkpla

3%0%4 Gkctapfs zaiâtlcas Zfpý – FF%VV

3%0%6 @kppfpks df fetpkdk Zfpý – FF%VV

3%0%7 Gkctapfs cvitvpkifs Zfpý FF%VV

3%0%7%; Tfedfeclks dfi caesvbldap

3%0%7%0 Cabzaptkblfeta dfi caesvbldap

3%0%? Gkctapfs tfceaióolcas Zfpý FF%VV

3%0%8 Gkctapfs bfdla kb`lfetkifs Zfpý FF%VV

4% FSTVDLA DF BFPCKDA

4%; Fxzaptkclaefs tatkifs

4%0 Sfctap kopa | kopaledvstplki

4%3 Legapbkclóe ofefpki df FF%VV

MMD OPAVZ SKC 0




4%4 Gkclildkd zkpk hkcfp efoacla

4%6 Letfpckb`la cabfpclki Zfpý" FF%VV

4%7 Sfobfetkclóe df bfpckda

4%7%; Dktas zkpk ik sfobfetkclóe

4%? Dlstpl`vclóe | tpkeszaptf df bfpckecâks

4%8 Caesfma zkpk efoaclkp fe ias FF%VV

4%< Caecivslóe

6% KEKILSLS DF IK LEDVSTPLK

6%; Ledvstplk df caesfpwks df bfpbfikdk

6%0 Tfedfeclks dfi sfctap kopaledvstplki

7% ZIKE FSTPKTFOLCA DF IK FBZPFSK

7%; Wlslóe

7%0 Blslóe

7%3 Wkiapfs

7%4 Keëilsls GADK

7%6 Cpvcf df ik bktpl} GADK | zikefkblfeta df iks fstpktfolks

df`ldks

7%7 A`mftlwas dfi efoacla

7%? A`mftlwas fstpktìolcas

7%8 Gvfp}ks df Zaptfp

7%< Gvfetfs ofefpkdapks df cabzftltlwldkd

MMD OPAVZ SKC 3




CKZLTVIA LL

zëo%48

?% ZIKE \ A@MFTLWAS DFI BKPNFTLEO

?%; Glchk tìcelck df ik vwk

?%0 Glchk tìcelck df ik iýcvbk

?%3 Cabzftfeclk

?%3%; Zpfclas df pfgfpfeclk

?%4 Bktpl} Kesagg

?%4%; Dfskppaiia df evfwas wkiapfs dfi zpadvcta

?%4%0 Dfskppaiia df dlgfpfeclk df ckildkd (evfwks okbks,

?%4%3 Dfskppaiia df evfwas badfias

?%6 Bkpnftleo BLX

?%6%; Zpfcla

?%6%0 Zik}k

?%6%3 Dlstpl`vclóe

?%6%4 Zpabaclóe

?%6%6 Zvìlcldkd

?%7 Fstpktfolk df zast wfetk

?%? Fstpktfolk df zaslclaekblfeta

CKZLTVIA LLL

zëo% 74

8% ZPACFSA IAOLSTLCA

8%; Zpawffdapfs df vwk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 4




8%0 Cvitlwa

8%3 Casfchk

8%4 Sfifcclóe | cabzpk df bktfplk zplbk

8%6 Tpkeszaptf letfpea

8%7 Zpacfsa zpadvctlwa df ik bfpbfikdk

8%? Fewkskda

8%8 Ftl{vftkda

8%< Fbzk{vftkda

8%;: Cfptlglckclaefs

8%;; Veltkpl}kclae

8%;0 Caetkcta cae kofetfs df ckpok | kdvkek zkpk ik

fxzaptkclóe

8%;0%; Dacvbfetas pf{vfpldas

8%;3 Tpkeszaptf letfpekclaeki

8%;4 Lbzaptkclóe fe zkâs dfstlea

8%;6 Dlstpl`vclóe df bfpckdfpâk (Tpkdfp,

8%;7 Wfetk df caesvbldap gleki

8%;? Bfdla df zkoa

8%;8 Zikea df ik fbzpfsk

CKZLTVIA LW

zëo%8:

<% PFCVPSAS HVBKEAS

MMD OPAVZ SKC 6




<%; Dlsfûa df fstpvctvpk df PP%HH

<%;%; Apokelopkbk

<%;%0 Zfpgli df ckpoa df caikàpkdapfs

<%0 Fstpktfolk df pfcivtkblfeta) sfifcclóe | caetpktkclóe

<%0%; Pfcivtkblfeta

<%0%0 Sfifcclóe df zfpsaeki

<%0%3 Caetpktkclóe df zfpsaeki

<%3 Fstpktfolk df ledvcclóe) ckzkcltkclóe | fwkivkclóe dfzfpsaeki

<%3%; Ledvcclóe df zfpsaeki

<%3%0 Ckzkcltkclóe

<%3%0%; Cakchleo

<%3%3 Fwkivkclóe df zfpsaeki

<%4 Fstpktfolk df batlwkclóe | dfskppaiia zfpsaeki

<%6 Zaiâtlck df pfbvefpkclóe | cabzfeskclaefs

CKZLTVIA W

zëo% <4

;:% ZIKE GLEKECLFPA

;:%; Hlstaplk glekeclfpk dfi efoacla

;:%0 Svzvfstas fscfekplas | zaiâtlcks fcaeóblcks | glekeclfpks

;:%3 Zike df wfetks df ik evfwk veldkd df efoacla

;:%3%; Fscfekpla badfpkda

;:%3%0 Fscfekpla zfslblstk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 7




;:%3%3 Fscfekpla aztlblstk

;:%4 Keëilsls df castas

;:%6 Zveta df f{vlil`pla

;:%6%; Zveta df f{vlil`pla badfpkda

;:%6%0 Zveta df f{vlil`pla aztlblstk

;:%6%3 Zveta df f{vlil`pla zfslblstk

;:%7 Kd{vlslclóe df bktfplkifs

;:%? Lewfpslóe lelclki

;:%8 Gvfetf s df glekeclkblfeta

;:%< Givma df ckmk

;:%;: @kikecf ofefpki

;:%;; Fstkda df okekeclks | zfpdldks zpa|fctkdks

;:%;0 @kikecf ofefpki dfi zpa|fcta

;:%;3 Keëilsls df sfesl`lildkd | plfsoas

CKZLTVIA WL

zëo%;:?

;;% CAECIVSLAEFS

KEFXAS

CATL]KCLAEFS

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?




PFSVBFE FMFCVTLWA

MMD OPAVZ SKC fs vek fbzpfsk dfdlckdk k ik cabfpclkil}kclóe df

bfpbfikdks tfelfeda caba zpadvcta fstpfiik ’bfpbfikdk df vwk‒ ik

cvki tfedpë wfetkmk cabzftltlwk fe `ksf k sv dlgfpfeclkclóe fe ia {vf

ki skàp pfszfctk%

Ik blsbk sfpë cabfpclkil}kdk ki bfpckda Fstkdaveldfesf tfelfedacaba bfpckda a`mftlwa fi fstkda df Giapldk – Blkbl) sfobfetëedasf

dfetpa dfi blsba fe fi Cfetpa df Blkbl (daetae,) ik

cabfpclkil}kclóe sfpë zaslìf df`lda k ik letfpwfeclóe df ve TPKDFP

(Cilfetf, fi cvki cvfetk cae ve NEA_ HA_ fe fi bfpckda fszfclglca)

fe cvketa ki bfdla df zkoa sf vskpk fi cpìdlta dacvbfetkpla) fi cvki

tlfef ik ckpkctfpâstlck {vf ik kzfptvpk ik fmfpcf fi lbzaptkdap%

Fe ik efoaclkclóe zkctkbas {vf ìstf hk`liltf ve zkoa ketlclzkda dfi

3:& zkpk zadfp dkp lelcla ki zpacfsa) | fi ?: & pfstketf sfpë zkokda k

tpkwìs dfi cpìdlta dacvbfetkpla {vf kzfptvpkpk fi tpkdfp | ias

dacvbfetas {vf zfpbltlpëe ki tpkdfp pftlpkp ik bfpckecâk sfpëe

fetpfokdas zap zkptf dfi `keca caetpk fi zkoa%

Fi lecatfpb efoaclkda sfpë GA@ 0:;: df`lda k ik fxzfplfeclk df

evfstpa tpkdfp fs {vf zvfdf a`tfefp bfmap zpfcla fe fi tpkeszaptfzpleclzki ia cvki tkb`lìe fs gkwapkìf df`lda ki elwfi df

pfszaesk`lildkd {vf k`kpck%

Fe cvketa k iks ofstlaefs df kd{vlslclóe ) caetpai df zpacfsas |

tlfbzas fs {vf sf kh aztkda fe fi ëpfk df iaoâstlck zap tpk`kmkp cae ve

Svzzi| chkle bkekofbfet fi cvki eas dk ve fega{vf kbzila df iks

kctlwldkdfs {vf sf dfskppaiikpke dfetpa dfi clcia) | zap fedf zfpbltf

caetpaikp | bfdlp ias tlfbzas {vf tabke iks kctlwldkdfs dfetpa df ik

MMD OPAVZ SKC 8




ckdfek df svblelstpa )fszfclglckp cvkifs fstëe dfetpa df evfstpa pkeoa

df pfszaesk`lildkd zkpk zadfp ksâ bfdlp ias cvfiias df

àtfiik(zpadvcclóe, {vf sf zvfdke ofefpkp | aztkp ksâ k ik tabk df

dfclslaefs | zadfp bfmapkp ik ckzkcldkd df pfszvfstk %

Df`lda k {vf sf tfpcfpl}kpë fi tpkeszaptf | fi zpacfsa df fikàpkclóe

(zpadvcta tfpblekda, df ik bfpbfikdk zap pk}aefs {vf sf fszfclglcke

fe svs pfszfctlwas zvetas dfetpa dfi dfskppaiia dfi zpa|fcta) Fs {vf

efcfsltkbas bfdlp ias tlfbzas | plfsoas {vf eas zvfdk tabkp fstk

bfdldk) zkpk fiia hfbas dfskppaiikda zvetas | zikefs zkpk zadfp

fmfcvtkpias df bkefpk fglclfetf%

A`tfelfeda fi zpadvcta tfpblekda fs {vf sf zpacfdfpë k ik

veltkpl}kclðe | fb`kikmf df ik bfpckecâk% \ ivfoa sfpë iifwkdk ki

tfpbleki zaptvkpla zkpk fi fb`kp{vf df ik bfpckecâk%

Fe fi ëpfk df PPHH sf kzilckpke hfppkblfetks batlwkdapks ia cvki hkpë

{vf ik fbzpfsk cvfetf cae ve zatfeclki hvbkea Ckzkcltkda |

batlwkda zkpk dfsfewaiwfpsf fglclfetfbfetf fe svs ëpfks ksloekdks%

Ik fbzpfsk zkpk fi lelcla df svs azfpkclaefs cvfetk cae kzaptfs df

`lfefs df ckzltki zap zkptf df ias saclas) sf cvfetk cae ve tfppfea fe

fi dlstplta df Ivpâe fi cvki sfpë kcaedlclaekda zkpk fi lelcla df

kctlwldkdfs) ck`f pfskitkp {vf tkb`lìe sf cvfetk cae atpas `lfefs ias

cvkifs sae kzaptfs df ias saclas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC <




0% LDFK DF EFOACLA

Fi MMD OPAVZ SKC fs vek fbzpfsk dfdlckdk k ik cabfpclkil}kclóe df

zpadvctas kilbfetlclas (bfpbfikdks df vwk, zkpk caesvba hvbkea

tfelfeda ve zpadvcta df ckildkd k ve zpfcla badfpkda | cabzftltlwa

fe fi bfpckda Kbfplckea) fszfcâglckbfetf fe ik cvldkd df BLKBL fe fi

fstkda df Giapldk) zkâs cae fi cvki caetkbas kctvkibfetf cae ve TIC

wlofetf | cv|k dfbkedk fs bv| pfifwketf fe cvketa k ias dfbës

zkâsfs

Easatpas cabzpkpfbas ik bktfplk zplbk (vwk, dlpfctkbfetf k

fbzpfsks koplcvitapks {vf svs lesvbas sfke fxzaptkìfs (fstëedkpfs

df ckildkd, | {vf eas zvfdke `pledkp | ias cfptlglckdas pf{vfplda zkpk

fiia) tfpcfpl}kpfbas ik zpadvcclóe df ik bfpbfikdk) fstas eas

fetpfokpke fi zpadvcta ilsta zkpk ik veltkpl}kclðe dfskppaiikeda ve

zpadvcta {vf sktlsgkok k ias cilfetfs bës fxlofetfs fe cvketa k svsdfsfas | fxzfctktlwks) zplapl}keda ik ckildkd | sfovpldkd kilbfetlclk%

Df`lda k ik opke fxlofeclk {vf sf dk fe ik kctvkildkd zap fi caesvba

df zpadvctas df bk|ap ckildkd) elwfi evtplclaeki | ektvpki fs {vf

hfbas dfcldlda aztkp zap fikàpkp ve zpadvcta fe `ksf k vwk)

Fi ckeki df dlstpl`vclóe bfdlketf ki cvki iifokpfbas k evfstpa tkpoft

sfpë evfstpa cilfetf zpleclzki (Tpkdfp,) |k {vf fi cvketk cae ve Nea

Ha cabfpclki | cae vek ckptfpk df cilfetfs {vf ia pfszkidk%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:




Ik fbzpfsk `vsckpk fxzkedlp svs gpaetfpks iifokeda k evfwas

bfpckdas) caba fi bfpckda kslëtlca cae fi {vf tfefbas ve gvfptf ik}a

cabfpclki (TIC Cae Chlek) TIC cae Mkzóe \ TIC cae Tklikedlk,

Kzpawfchkeda ksâ sv opke bksk zaìkclaeki cae iks {vf fiias cvfetke |

`ksëedaeas fe cksas df ìxltas df fbzpfsks zfpvkeks caba KMF Opavz

0%;Caestltvclae df ik fbzpfsk

Evfstpk fbzpfsk wk k fstkp caestltvldk `kma fi pìolbfe saclftkpla df

Saclfdkd Keóelbk Cfppkdk (SKC,) sfoýe If| Ofefpki df Saclfdkdfs

0788?) |k {vf ea caetkpfbas cae bës df wfletf kcclaelstks | ea

tfedpfbas kcclaefs lescpltks fe fi Pfolstpa Zýìlca dfi Bfpckda df

Wkiapfs% Ik saclfdkd sf caestltvlpë zap fscpltvpk zýìlck) fe ik {vf

fstkpë caetfelda fi zkcta saclki) {vf leciv|f fi fstktvta%

Gapbëedasf cae tpfs saclas ias cvkifs kzaptkpke fe `lfefs dlefpkplas)

`lfefs bvfìfs f lebvfìfs%

Ias kzaptfs sfpëe df ik slovlfetf bkefpk=

KCCLAELSTKS S!%Pf|ek Sliwfstpf) Mlbb| Ki`fpta ;8:::%::

Iózf} [vfwfda) Dlfoa Bkptle ;8:::%::

Tappfs Sata) Mfsýs Hfpeëe 6:::%::

KCCLAELSTKS @LFEFS S!%

Pf|ek Sliwfstpf) Mlbb| Ki`fpta Cabzvtkdapks (4, 4:::%::

Iózf} [vfwfda) Dlfoa Bkptle Baetk ckpok bkevki

(0,

36::%::

Tappfs Sata) Mfsýs Hfpeëe tfppfea 4::::%::

Ksâ blsba dfcldlbas fstkp lescpltas fe fi Pìolbfe Fszfclki dfi

Lbzvfsta k ik Pfetk (PFP, tfelfeda caba wfetkmk=

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;




Zkokpfbas vek cvatk bfesvki df ;%6& sa`pf ias leopfsas eftas

zkpk fi lbzvfsta k ik pfetk%

Iifwkpfbas saia das pfolstpas caetkìfs= pfolstpa df cabzpk |

pfolstpa df wfetk%

Fbltlpfbas gkctvpks | atpas tlzas df cabzpa`ketfs df zkoas%

Fe fi zkoa df LOW df iks wfetks sf dfdvcfe caba cpìdlta glscki

fi LOW zkokda fe iks cabzpks%

Caba tkb`lìe eas kcaofpfbas k ik if| B\ZF sfoýe Dfcpfta

Ifolsiktlwa ;:87 fe ik cvki ea caetkpfbas cae bks df ;: tpk`kmkdapfs| evfstpa elwfi df wfetks `pvtks kevkifs ea svzfpkpke iks ;6: VLT

(S!%64::::%::,%

3% KEKILSLS DFI FETAPEA

3%;Keëilsls dfi bkcpa fetapea

3%;%;Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck bvedlki

Ha| fe dâk sf fstk sf a`sfpwk vek pfcvzfpkclóe gpëoli | ifetk (pfszfcta

k ik cplsls fcaeóblck bvedlki fe fi 0::8,) ik fcaeóblca bvedlki fstk

fe ckblea k fstkìfcfpsf | sf zpa|fctk {vf fe 4 kûas iks fcaeabâks

bks kgfctkdks pfcvzfpfe elwfifs fcaeóblcas dkdas ketfs df ik cplsls%

Fe cvketa ki cabfpcla bvedlki) fstf slovló pfcvzfpëedasf fe fi 0:;:)

zfpa sf gvf koatkeda k glekifs dfi blsba kûa) blfetpks {vf fi waivbfe

df iks fxzaptkclaefs df bvchks fcaeabâks fbfpofetfs {vf gvfpaekgfctkdks zap ik cplsls hk kicke}kda zlcas ketfplapfs k ik cplsls) fe

ckb`la ias zkâsfs dfskppaiikdas kve ea ia hke iaopkda% Sf zpfwì {vf fi

cabfpcla bvedlki cpf}ck k ve pltba cfpckea ki 7%6& fetpf ia {vf wk

dfi 0:;; | fi 0:;0%

Fs ksâ {vf ias zkâsfs fe dfskppaiia | iks fcaeabâks fe tpkeslclóe

caetleýke lbzviskeda ik pfcvzfpkclóe bvedlki) zfpa sf zpfwì {vf fi

cpfclblfeta df ik zpadvcclóe tkb`lìe sf wk|k dfskcfifpkeda

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;0




(pfcvzfpkclóe ifetk, fe fi 0:;0% Ias zkâsfs fe dfskppaiia slovfe

bastpkeda ve gvfptf cpfclblfeta zfpa ik cvfstlóe fs) sl iks fcaeabâks

fbfpofetfs zvfdke sfovlp kctvkeda caba batapfs dfi cpfclblfeta dfi

cabfpcla bvedlki%

GVFETF Daleo @vslefss% @keca Bvedlki

GVFETF Daleo @vslefss% @keca Bvedlki

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;3




Khapk sf zpaeastlck {vf fi zpadvcta `pvta letfpea bvedlki cpfcfpë ve

4%; & fe fi 0:;; | ve 4%6& fe fi 3:;0% Fstk pfcvzfpkclóe zvfdf sle

fb`kpoa svgplp pfwfsfs iifokeda zap df`kma dfi 3&%

3%0 Keëilsls dfi blcpa fetapea

3%0%; Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck df FF%VV

Fe fi 0::8 Fstkdas Veldas kgpaeta vek gvfptf cplsls fcaeóblck) df`lda

ki caikzsa df ik `vp`vmk leba`lilkplk fe Fstkdas Veldas) ik cvki tvwa

svs lelclas fe fi kûa 0::7 | {vf zpawacó ik iikbkdk cplsls df iks

hlzatfcks Sv`zplbf) ik cvki ofefpó ve kita elwfi df dfsfbzifa | zap

fedf vek caetpkcclóe df ik dfbkedk%

K zkptlp dfi tfpcfp tplbfstpf df 0::< ik fcaeabâk fstkdaveldfesf

fbzlf}k k bastpkp vek ilofpk pfcvzfpkclóe) ik cvki sf hkcf bës

fwldfetf fe fi ýitlba tplbfstpf% Ea a`stketf) fi Z@L df fsf kûa pfolstpó

vek wkplkclóe efoktlwk df 0%4& dvpketf 0::<% Iks zpa|fcclaefs dfi

GBL zkpk fstf kûa sae kifetkdapks | sf fszfpk ve cpfclblfeta df ik

fcaeabâk (3%;&, eaptfkbfplckek%

Ivfoa df ve tfpplìf kûa zkpk ik fcaeabâk fstkdaveldfesf (0::<,) ìstk

sf wlfef pfcvzfpkeda opkclks k ik kopfslwk zaiâtlck fcaeóblck%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;4




Dvpketf fi ikzsa cabzpfedlda fetpf k pli"mvela dfi 0:;:) iks

fxzaptkclaefs tvwlfpae ve ki}k df 3%;& fe ivokp dfi 7& {vf sf

fszfpk`k> fe tketa) iks lbzaptkclaefs tkb lìe kvbfetkpae fe ;%<&

cvkeda sf fszfpk`k ve ;%3&) dkta {vf eas gkwapfcf |k {vf fs ve

ledlckdap zasltlwa zkpk evfstpk kctlwldkd cabfpclki cae fstf zkâs%

Zkpk fi @keca Bvedlki) ias ledlckdapfs bkcpa df ik fcaeabâk

fstkdaveldfesf bastpkpëe pfsvitkdas zasltlwas fe ias zpóxlbas kûas%

Ik tksk df cpfclblfeta dfi Z@L pfki fstkpâk cfpck df 3%6& fe fi 0:;0)

vek df iks bës kitks dfszvìs df bvchas kûas% Kslblsba) iks tksks df

cpfclblfeta zkpk fi cabfpcla fxtfplap sfpëe bës dleëblcks)

zpleclzkibfetf zkpk iks lbzaptkclaefs%

3%0%0 Sltvkclóe fcaeóblck dfi Zfpý

Ik fcaeabâk zfpvkek sf pfcvzfpó fe mvila dfi zpfsfetf kûa cae ve

cpfclblfeta bk|ap ki fszfpkda | pabzló vek pkchk df cleca bfsfs df

dfskcfifpkclóe) ketf fi fbzvmf df sfctapfs ilokdas ki caesvba letfpea

| zplbkplas% Sle fb`kpoa) fi @CP kmvstó sv zpa|fcclóe k ik `kmk zkpk ficlfppf dfi 0:;;) df ve 7%6& k 7%3&% Ik kctlwldkd fcaeóblck sf

fxzkedló ve 7%60& fe mvila) legapbó fi Lestltvta Ekclaeki df Fstkdâstlck

f Legapbëtlck (LEFL,% Ias kekilstks hk`âke fstlbkda ve cpfclblfeta df

7%;& sfoýe ve saedfa pfkil}kdas% Fe tìpbleas dfsfstkclaekil}kdas) fi

ZL@ iacki cpfcló fe mvila ve :%6& gpfetf k mvela) dlma ik kvtapldkd

fstkdâstlck% Cae fi pfsvitkda df mvila) ik fcaeabâk zfpvkek kcvbvik ve

kwkecf dfi ?%6;& fe ias zplbfpas slftf bfsfs dfi kûa | vek fxzkeslóekevkil}kdk df 8%0<&% Zap sfctapfs) fi sfctap zfsck fsckió ve ?6%8& fe

mvila | fi kopazfcvkpla) ve 8%;3&% Sle fb`kpoa) fi sfctap caestpvcclóe)

{vf hk`âk wfelda lbzviskeda fi cpfclblfeta iacki) sf caetpkma ve 0%<&

fe fi pfgfplda bfs) blfetpks {vf ik blefpâk f hldpackp`vpas ck|fpae fe

:%<;&%

3%0%3 Tlza df ckb`la

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;6

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos24/exportaciones/exportaciones.shtml







Fi tlza df ckb`la zpabfdla sf kzpfcló 7%0& fe fi 0:;:% Gvf ik sfovedk

bk|ap fe tìpbleas df zpabfdla kevki (| dfszvìs dfi 7%6& fe fi 0::8,

dfsdf {vf fbzf}ó fi clcia df kzpfclkclóe fe fi 0::3% Kýe ksâ) ik

kzpfclkclóe zpa`k ifbfetf hk`pâk slda bk|ap df ea sfp zap ik

letfpwfeclóe dfi @CP fe fi bfpckda ckb`lkpla% Fe fi 0:;:) fi @CP

cabzpó) fe efta) VS$8%<7 bli bliiaefs) fi sfoveda bk|ap baeta fe ik

hlstaplk (dfszvìs dfi 0::? cae VS$;:%3 bli bliiaefs,% Fi tlza df ckb`la

sf hk kzpfclkda ;8%8& dfsdf fi 0::3% Ias gkctapfs dftpës df fstk

kzpfclkclóe zfpbkefcfpëe fe fi 0:;;%

Fi @CP tlfef svglclfetfs pfcvpsas caba zkpk kgfctkp kzpfclkìfbfetf ki

bfpckda ckb`lkpla% Fe ik zpëctlck) iks letfpwfeclaefs ckb`lkplks dfi@CP hke pfdvclda ik waiktlildkd dfi bfpckda ckb`lkpla |) fe

caesfcvfeclk) fi sai hk slda vek df iks baefdks bës fstkìf dfi

bveda fe ias ýitlbas das kûas) ve zfplada df bvchk waiktlildkd

ckb`lkplk k elwfi bvedlki%

Ik zaiâtlck baeftkplk tke fxzkeslwk df FF%VV% df`fpâk iifwkp k ve

df`liltkblfeta dfi dóikp) ea efcfskplkbfetf pfszfcta dfi fvpa) {vf

tlfef svs zpazlas zpaìfbks) zfpa sâ pfszfcta df ias zkâsfs glsckibfetf

saiwfetfs caba fi Zfpý%

Fi @CP tkb`lìe hk slda kctlwa fe tpktkp df fwltkp {vf leopfsfe givmas

opkedfs df dóikpfs ki bfpckda ckb`lkpla ekclaeki fe ik gapbk df

ckzltki df capta zik}a) pfgap}keda kszfctas pfoviktaplas | tabkeda

bfdldks zkpk dfslecfetlwkp fi leopfsa df fstf ckzltki%

Ik zpa|fcclóe fs df S!% 0%78 zkpk fi clfppf dfi zpfsfetf kûa pfzpfsfetk

vek kzpfclkclóe df 4%6&% Fsta fstë fe iâefk cae ik kzpfclkclóe kevki

zpabfdla fetpf 0::6 | 0:;: (fxciv|feda fi 0::<) kûa keóbkia zap ik

cplsls,%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;7




Fikàpkda zap fstvdlas fcaeóblcas Scatlk`ken

3%0%4 Gkctapfs zaiâtlcas ZFPV " VSK

Fi Zfpý | Fstkdas Veldas caikàpke fstpfchkbfetf zkpk zpagvedl}kp iks

pfikclaefs `liktfpkifs%

Fi Tpktkda df Il`pf Cabfpcla {vf fetpó fe wlofeclk fe 0::< slpwf zkpk

gaptkifcfp fstas wâecvias fe fi elwfi cabfpclki% Kslblsba) fi Zfpý fstë

cabzpabftlda cae ias a`mftlwas dfi Ëpfk df Il`pf Cabfpcla df iks

Kbìplcks (KICK, {vf fs zpabawlda zap ik zatfeclk dfi eaptf | sf

fecvfetpk dlszvfsta k hkcfp tadas ias fsgvfp}as zkpk sv caesfcvclóe%

K caetlevkclóe ias kcvfpdas letfpekclaekifs svscpltas zap fi Zfpý {vf

sf fecvfetpke wlofetfs=

GFCHK FETPKDK FE WLOAP

KIFBKELK :;%:6%;<<?

KPOFETLEK 04%;:%;<<7

KVSTPKILK :0%:0%;<<?

@AILWLK ;<%:3%;<<6

CKEKDK :;%:8%0::<

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;?

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_alemania.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_argentina.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_australia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_bolivia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20Espanol%20Canada%20-%20MINCETUR.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_alemania.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_argentina.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_australia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_bolivia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20Espanol%20Canada%20-%20MINCETUR.pdf




CHLIF :;%:3%0::<

CAIAB@LK 3:%;0%0:;:

CV@K 06%;;%0::;

DLEKBKPCK ;?%:0%;<<6FCVKDAP :<%;0%;<<<

FI SKIWKDAP ;6%;0%;<<7

FSZKÛK ;?%:0%;<<7

FSTKDAS VELDAS :;%:0%0::<

GLEIKEDLK ;4%:7%;<<7

GPKECLK 3:%:6%;<<7

LSIKEDLK :;%;:%0:;;

LTKILK ;8%;:%;<<6

MKZAE ;:%;0%0::<

ILFCHTFESTFLE :;%:?%0:;;

BKIKSLK 06%;0%;<<6

EAPVFOK :6%:6%;<<6

ZKLSFS @KMAS :;%:0%;<<7

ZKPKOVK\ ;8%;0%;<<4

ZAPTVOKI ;8%;:%;<<6

PFLEA VELDA 0;%:4%;<<4

PFZV@ILCK CHFCK :7%:3%;<<6

PFZV@ILCK DF CAPFK :;%:8%0:;;

PFZV@ILCK ZAZVIKP CHLEK :;%:3%0:;:

PVBKELK :;%:;%;<<6

SLEOKZVP :;%:8%0::<

SVFCLK :;%:8%;<<4

SVL]K 03%;;%;<<3

TKLIKEDLK ;6%;;%;<<3

VELAE FCAEABLCK @FIOLCK "

IVXFB@VPOA ;;%:<%0::8

WFEF]VFIK ;8%:<%;<<?

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;8

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20Chile%20-%20MINCETUR%202010.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/ACUERDO_ENTRE_PERU_Y_COLOMBIA_2007.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_cuba.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_dinamarca.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_ecuador.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_elsalvador.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_espana.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/TLC%20USA%20Inversion.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_finlandia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_francia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/INVERSION%20EFTA.docx

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_italia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/BIT%20Japon.pdf


http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_malasia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_noruega.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_paisesbajos.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_paraguay.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_portugal.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_reinounido.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_republicaCheca.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/09_KPFTA_Inversion%202011.PDF

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Cap?tulo%20de%20Inversiones%20China%20_espanol.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_rumania.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20SINGAPUR%20Espanol%20-%20MINCETUR.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/1/0/JER/ORDENAMIENTOINSTITUCIONALBASICO/peru_suecia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_suiza.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_tailandia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/ORDENAMIENTOINSTITUCIONALBASICO/peru_belgica.pdf


http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_venezuela.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20Chile%20-%20MINCETUR%202010.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/ACUERDO_ENTRE_PERU_Y_COLOMBIA_2007.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_cuba.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_dinamarca.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_ecuador.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_elsalvador.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_espana.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/TLC%20USA%20Inversion.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_finlandia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_francia.pdf


http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_italia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/BIT%20Japon.pdf


http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_malasia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_noruega.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_paisesbajos.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_paraguay.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_portugal.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_reinounido.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_republicaCheca.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/09_KPFTA_Inversion%202011.PDF

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Cap?tulo%20de%20Inversiones%20China%20_espanol.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_rumania.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/Capitulo%20Inversiones%20SINGAPUR%20Espanol%20-%20MINCETUR.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/1/0/JER/ORDENAMIENTOINSTITUCIONALBASICO/peru_suecia.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_suiza.pdf

http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_tailandia.pdf



http://proinversion.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/0/0/JER/CONVENIOSBILATERALES/peru_venezuela.pdf




Fstf Tpktkda df Il`pf Cabfpcla Zfpý"Fstkdas Veldas) fs ve kcvfpda

cabfpclki df ckpëctfp wlecviketf | cv|as a`mftlwas sae fi filblekp

a`stëcvias ki letfpckb`la cabfpclki) caesaildkp fi kccfsa k `lfefs |

sfpwlclas | gkwapfcfp ik ckztkclóe df lewfpslóe zplwkdk% Lecapzapk)

kdfbës df tfbks cabfpclkifs) tfbks fcaeóblcas) lestltvclaekifs) df

zpazlfdkd letfifctvki) ikàpkifs | bfdla"kb`lfetkifs) caetpktkclaefs

zýìlcks) sfpwlclas) zaiâtlcks df cabzftfeclk | saivclóe df

caetpawfpslks) fetpf atpas) fstf TIC caesaildk | kbzilk ias `fefglclas

kpkecfikplas {vf fi Zfpý caetk`k zkpk ias zpadvctas kopâcaiks opkclks ki

KTZDFK) caba tkb`lìe k|vdk k kcfifpkp ik a`tfeclóe df ias zfpblsas

gltaskeltkplas | atpas cfptlglckdas {vf sf efcfsltfe zkpk ik fxzaptkclóe%

3%0%6 @kppfpks df fetpkdk Zfpý " VSK

Ik bk|apâk df ias zpadvctas zfpvkeas zvfdfe leopfskp il`pfbfetf ki

bfpckda fstkdaveldfesf) kzpawfchkeda iks zpfgfpfeclks kpkecfikplks

a`tfeldks fe fi bkpca dfi Kcvfpda df Zpabaclóe Cabfpclki%

Ias zpadvctas fxzaptkdas) sle fb`kpoa) df`fe cvbzilp cae ias

fxlofetfs fstëedkpfs kzilckdas zap iks df Fstkdas Veldas% Ias

zpadvctas kilbfetlclas fstëe svmftas k iks pfoiks df ik Gaad ked Dpvo

Kdblelstpktlae (GDK, | dfi VSDK (Dfzkptkbfeta df Koplcvitvpk df ias

Fstkdas Veldas,% Iks caedlclaefs df ftl{vftkda) fbzk{vf)

leopfdlfetfs) fetpf atpks sae fstkìfcldks zap ik GDK tkb`lìe sae vea

df ias pf{vlsltas%

Ik KZHLS (Sfpwlcla df Leszfcclóe df Skivd df Ziketks | Kelbkifs, fs ik

feckpokdk df atapokp ias zfpblsas gltaskeltkplas) fstk lestltvclóe

wfedpâk k sfp caba SFEKSK (Lestltvclóe Ekclaeki df Skeldkd Kopkplk,

k{vâ fe Zfpý%

Zap atpa ikda) sf df`f tabkp fe cvfetk ik if| df Sfovpldkd df ik skivd

zýìlck | dfi fstkda df zpfzkpkclóe | df pfszvfstk ki `latfppaplsba

kzpa`kdk zap fi Caeopfsa fe 0::0

Fi Kctk caetpk fi @latfppaplsba svpof caba pfszvfstk k ias ktfetkdas

dfi ;; df sfztlfb`pf | fxlof {vf ik GDK pfcl`k ketlclzkdkbfetf tadkik legapbkclóe sa`pf ias fb`kp{vfs df lbzaptkclóe% Tadas ias

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;<




kilbfetas | `f ldks) zkpk caesvba hvbkea | df kelbkifs) fstëe

svzfdltkdas k fstas pf{vlsltas%

@kma fi pfoikbfeta df eatlglckclóe zpfwlk) ik legapbkclóe ketlclzkdk df

kilbfetas df`f sfp pfcl`ldk | caeglpbkdk fifctpóelckbfetf zap fi GDK

k bës tkpdkp cleca dâks ketfs df sv iifokdk | fe ea bfeas df=

" Das hapks ketfs df sv kpplà wâk ckppftfpk)

" Cvktpa hapks ketfs sv kpplà wâk kìpfk a gfppackppli)

" Acha hapks ketfs df sv kpplà zap bkp%

Ik Gaad ked Dpvo Kdblelstpktlae df ias Fstkdas Veldas (GDK),= Kofeclk

df Kilbfetas | Bfdlckbfetas a Kofeclk df Dpaoks | Kilbfetas, fs ikkofeclk pfszaeskìf df zpatfofp ik skivd zýìlck) ksfovpkeda ik

leacvldkd) sfovpldkd | fglckclk df ias bfdlckbfetas zkpk vsa hvbkea

| wftfplekpla) ias zpadvctas `laióolcas) %ias kilbfetas (tketa zkpk sfpfs

hvbkeas caba zkpk kelbkifs,) svzifbfetas kilbfetlclas)

bfdlckbfetas (hvbkeas | wftfplekplas,) casbìtlcas) f{vlzas bìdlcas

(hvbkeas | kelbkifs, | zpadvctas {vf fbltfe pkdlkclóe) leciv|feda sv

cappfcta bkpckda | ftl{vftkda%

Ik GDK fs vek dlwlslóe dfi Dfzkptkbfeta df Skivd | Sfpwlclas

Hvbkeas) fi cvki fs k sv wf} vea df ias ;6 dfzkptkbfetas

(blelstfplas, dfi oa`lfpea df ias Fstkdas Veldas% Ik GDK fstë dlwldldk

fe 7 cfetpas bk|apfs=

† C@FP (Cfetpa df Fwkivkclóe @laióolck f Lewfstlokclóe,%

† CDPH (Cfetpa df Kzkpktas | Skivd Pkdlaióolck,%

† CDFP (Cfetpa df Lewfstlokclóe | Fwkivkclóe df Bfdlckbfetas,%

† CGSKE (Cfetpa df Sfovpldkd df Kilbfetas | Evtplclóe Kzilckdk,%

† CWB (Cfetpa df Bfdlclek Wftfplekplk,

† CTZ (Cfetpa df Zpadvctas df Tk`kca,

3%0%7 Gkctapfs cvitvpkifs ZFPV " VSK

Tfedfeclks dfi caesvbldap df Fstkdas Veldas

MMD OPAVZ SKC 0:




Fi caesvbldap fstkdaveldfesf fs vea df ias {vf zasff vea df ias

bk|apfs zadfpfs kd{vlsltlwa fe fi bveda%

Sf fszfpk {vf fi 0:;0 kvbfetf | wvfiwk k svs elwfifs df cabzpk ik

dfbkedk df `lfefs df caesvba |k {vf sf wla kgfctkdk zap ik cplsls

fcaeóblck%

Ik dfbkedk df kilbfetas fstë ckpkctfpl}kdk zap lbzaptketfs ckb`las

dfbaopëglcas sfobfetkeda zpfgfpfeclks df ias caesvbldapfs) slfeda

ksâ {vf fe }aeks cëildks (df kitks tfbzfpktvpks, caba ik clvdkd df

Blkbl sf caesvbf zpadvctas gpfscas | `kmas fe ckiapâks%

Ve fstvdla dla k caeacfp {vf fxlstf opke zpfacvzkclóe zap ias kitas

elwfifs df a`fsldkd) gkwapfclfeda ksâ ki caesvba df zpadvctas

ektvpkifs |k {vf sae `fefglclas k ik skivd%

Cabzaptkblfeta dfi caesvbldap

Gabfeta ki caesvba df gpvtks | wfoftkifs) opkeas | `kma

caesvba df opksks sktvpkdks%

Fi fstkdaveldfesf fe ofefpki fs ckilglckda caba vek zfpsaek

caesvblstk | slfbzpf dlszvfsta k zpa`kp zpadvctas evfwas |

eawfdasas%

Fs fxlofetf) hfcha {vf sf dfplwk df ik `ýs{vfdk df legapbkclóe

{vf pfkil}k% Kslblsba) tlfef caeclfeclk dfi cvldkda dfi bfdla

kb`lfetf%

Caeacf bv| `lfe svs dfpfchas caba caesvbldap | hkcf vsa df

iks if|fs {vf ia zpatfofe% Fe cksa df wfpsf zfpmvdlckda ea dvdk

fe ifwketkp vek dfbkedk ketf zfpmvlclas ackslaekdas zap

zpadvctas dfgfctvasas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 0;




Sl `lfe fi zpfcla fs vek wkplkìf pfifwketf ki dfcldlp vek cabzpk)

ea ia sae bfeas gkctapfs caba ik ckildkd) ik okpketâk | fi sfpwlcla

zast wfetk> fi eaptfkbfplckea fszfpk ve sfpwlcla zast wfetk df

ckildkd%

Ias zpadvctas {vf zvfdke ksaclkpsf k eawfdkd |!a fxcivslwldkd)

sae bës sfeslìfs k sfp wkiapkdas zap sv ckildkd | ea tketa zap sv

zpfcla%

Dk fszfclki lbzaptkeclk k ik zpfsfetkclóe dfi zpadvcta) zap fiia

fi fbzk{vftkda a fewksf df`f sfp df ckildkd | ktpkctlwa%

Fe zpadvctas kilbfetlclas `vscke {vf sfke gpfscas) zpëctlcas)

skivdkìfs | gaptlglckdas%

3%0%? Gkctapfs tfceaióolcas

Iks tfedfeclks tfceaiaoâks ckb lke k opke wfiacldkd cpfkeda

azaptveldkdfs | tadk fbzpfsk df`f fstkp ki tketa | kdktkpsf k fiiks%

Iks fbzpfsks {vf ea zpfwfke ias ckb`las tfceaióolcas sf fecaetpkpke

fe dfswfetkmk) |k {vf ias kwkecfs k|vdke k ik bfmapk cabzftltlwk df

ik fbzpfsk kcfifpkeda ik ckdfek df zpadvcclóe) bfmapkeda fi slstfbk

df cabvelckclóe) ftc> caewlptlìedasf ksâ (ik tfceaiaoâk, fe ve

fifbfeta gvedkbfetki zkpk iks fbzpfsks) fs zap fsa {vf ias kwkecfs

tfceaióolcas sfpëe letpadvcldas fe evfstpk fbzpfsk zkpk fstkp ki elwfi

fszfpkda%

3%0%8 Gkctapfs bfdla kb`lfetkifs ZFPV – VSK

Fi cvldkda dfi bfdla kb`lfetf fs ha| fe dâk ve gkctap df opke

lbzaptkeclk) tketa zap zkptf df iks ledvstplks caba tkb`lìe df ias

clvdkdkeas |!a caesvbldapfs (bk|apbfetf fe FF%VV | Fvpazk,%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 00




Tabkeda caeclfeclk sa`pf fstf tfbk fs {vf evfstpks bfpbfikdks

sfpëe zpadvcldks pfszftkeda | cvldkeda fi kb`lfetf%

4% FSTVDLA DF BFPCKDA

4%; Fxzaptkclaefs Tatkifs

Iks fxzaptkclaefs df zpadvctas zfpvkeas svbkpae VS$ 4):03 bliiaefs

fe mvela df 0:;; cae ia cvki sf kcvbvike VS$ 0;)0;6 bliiaefs fe fi

zplbfp sfbfstpf dfi kûa%

Fe fstf blsba zfplada sf pfolstpkpae wkplkclaefs zasltlwks fe ias

waiýbfefs fxzaptkdas) sa`pf tada fe ias ea tpkdlclaekifs% Fstas

pfolstpkpae vek wkplkclóe zasltlwk df 60%<&) ik cvki bës {vf dvzilck fi

cpfclblfeta df ias tpkdlclaekifs (04%6&,

Iks fxzaptkclaefs zfpvkeks sf dlplolfpae k ;78 bfpckdas) evfwf bës

fe cabzkpkclóe ki blsba zfplada dfi kûa ketfplap% Chlek sf bketlfef

caba zpleclzki dfstlea df ias fewâas zfpvkeas (;7& zkptlclzkclóe !

33%7& cpfclblfeta,) sfovlda zap Fstkdas Veldas (;0& zkptlclzkclóe !

ckâdk 8%6&,) Svl}k (;0& zkptlclzkclóe ! 38%;& cpfclblfeta,) Ckekdë(<& zkptlclzkclóe ! 0;%;& cpfclblfeta, | Mkzóe (6& zkptlclzkclóe !

3?%:& cpfclblfeta,%

Fstkdas Veldas gvf fi bfpckda {vf ildfpó ik dfbkedk df ias zpadvctas

ea tpkdlclaekifs% Ik fcaeabâk fstkdaveldfesf caecfetpó fi 03& dfi

wkiap efoaclkda fe fi pv`pa | kvbfetó 07%0& fe fi sfbfstpf%

4%0 Sfctap Kopa | KopaledvstplkIks fxzaptkclaefs kopkplks ea tpkdlclaekifs fe mvela df 0:;; gvfpae df

VS$ ;<? bliiaefs) cae ia {vf sf kcvbvik VS$ ;)0;4 bliiaefs dvpketf

ias zplbfpas sfls bfsfs dfi kûa% Fstas baetas f{vlwkife k wkplkclaefs

zasltlwks df ;0%0& | 33%<&) pfszfctlwkbfetf% Iks fxzaptkclaefs

bfdldks fe waivbfe cpfclfpae 04%3& | tatkil}kpae fe 830 bli TB fe fi

blsba zfplada%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 03




Fe fi zplbfp sfbfstpf df 0:;;) ias bfpckdas df FFVV (VS$ 3:;

bliiaefs,) Zkâsfs @kmas (VS$ ;<4 bliiaefs,) Fszkûk (VS$ ;03 bliiaefs,)

Fcvkdap (VS$ 78 bliiaefs, | Gpkeclk (VS$ 44 bliiaefs, sf bketvwlfpae

caba ias zpleclzkifs dfstleas df fxzaptkclóe) ki caecfetpkp 7:& dfi

tatki fewlkda zap fstf sv`sfctap%

4%3 Legapbkclóe ofefpki df FF%VV

Ias Fstkdas Veldas df Eaptfkbìplck sf caestltv|f caba vek Pfzýìlck

Gfdfpki Zpfsldfeclkilstk% Ik Caestltvclóe dfi ;? df sfztlfb`pf df ;?8?

fstë `kskdk fe ve slstfbk zaiâtlca dfbacpëtlca caestltvclaeki | fe fi

zpleclzla df sfzkpkclóe df zadfpfs= fi Fmfcvtlwa) fi Ifolsiktlwa | fi

Mvdlclki) {vf sae ledfzfedlfetfs fetpf sâ% Ik caestltvclóe df ;?8? sf

bketlfef wlofetf cae svs ? kptâcvias | svs 0? feblfedks zastfplapfs%

Fi zpfsldfetf df ik Pfzýìlck fmfpcf df Mfgf df Fstkda | Mfgf dfi

Oa`lfpea | dlszaef df vek sfplf df zpfppaoktlwks | wftas {vf caewlfptf

k fstf slstfbk fe cikpkbfetf zpfsldfeclkilstk% Iks fifcclaefs

zpfsldfeclkifs sf cfif`pke ckdk cvktpa kûas zap svgpkola ledlpfcta) fi

zplbfp bkptfs df eawlfb pf% Ias zpfsldfetfs tlfefe sv bkedkta

ilbltkda k das tìpbleas df 4 kûas%

Fstkdas Veldas fs fi tfpcfp zkâs bës opkedf dfi bveda fe fxtfeslóe

tfppltaplki ivfoa df Pvslk | Ckekdë% Fs vek pfzýìlck gfdfpki |

zpfsldfeclkilstk cae clecvfetk fstkdas | ve dlstplta gfdfpki% Ik clvdkd

df _kshleotae) fe fi dlstplta df Caivb`lk) fs ik sfdf dfi oa`lfpea

gfdfpki%

Ik svzfpglclf df Fstkdas Veldas fs df <%3?0%7;4 Nb0% df ias cvkifs fi

48& sae svzfpglclf kopkplk | fi 08& tfppfea gapfstki) fstë sltvkda

bk|apltkplkbfetf fe fi cfetpa df ik pfolóe sfztfetplaeki dfi caetlefetf

kbfplckea | cabzpfedf kdfbës Kiksnk) ki eapafstf df Ckekdë) | iks

Lsiks Hkël) fe fi Acìkea Zkcâglca% Tlfef kdfbës iks zasfslaefs df

Skbak Kbfplckek | Ovkb fe fi Zkcâglca) iks Lsiks Wâpofefs fe fi Ckpl`f

| fi Fstkda Il`pf Ksaclkda df Zvfpta Plca%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 04




Df atpa ikda) Fstkdas Veldas fs fi tfpcfp zkâs bës zaìkda) ivfoa df

Chlek f Ledlk) cae vek tksk df cpfclblfeta kevki df :%?& | bës df 3;:

bliiaefs df zfpsaeks | cae ve ZL@ zfp cëzltk df kzpaxlbkdkbfetf$37%67<% Cfpck dfi 80%:& df ik zaìkclóe wlwf fe }aeks vp`keks | iks

bk|apfs caecfetpkclaefs sf v`lcke fe Evfwk \apn) Giapldk) Glikdfiglk |)

fe ik castk afstf) fe fi fstkda df Ckilgapelk) zpleclzkibfetf) fe Ias

Ëeofifs) Ske Dlfoa | Ske Gpkeclsca%

Fi leoiìs fs ik ifeovk fbzifkdk zap ik bk|apâk df ias hk`ltketfs fe

Fstkdas Veldas> sle fb`kpoa) cfpck df 30 bliiaefs df hk`ltketfs

hkìke ve ldlabk dlstleta% Fi ldlabk fszkûai fs vtlil}kda zap bës df 08

bliiaefs df zfpsaeks%

Ik veldkd baeftkplk fs fi dóikp fstkdaveldfesf (VSD,% Iks

f{vlwkifeclks baeftkplks ki ? df k`pli df 0:;: cae pfszfcta ki evfwa

sai dfi Zfpý sf ledlcke fe cvkdpa%

Gfchk ;;!;6!0:;;

;%::: VSD 2 0%?:4 ZFE

MMD OPAVZ SKC 06




Veltfd Stktfs Daiikps 2 Zfpv Evfwas Saifs

Sf tpktk df ve bfpckda bv| bkdvpa) k lfpta | cabzftltlwa {vf

eapbkibfetf zpfsfetk vek opke agfptk df zpadvctas k ik wf} {vf tlfef

vek gvfptf tpkdlclóe caesvblstk%

Fi clvdkdkea eaptfkbfplckea) cae vek tksk df khappa efoktlwk) fs fi

{vf bës caesvbf fe fi bveda% Sf tpktk df ve opke bfpckda) zfpa cae

bvchks zkptlcvikpldkdfs {vf sae caesfcvfeclk df ik opke dlwfpsldkd

df fstf zkâs) | {vf wlfefe batlwkdks zap dlgfpfeclks df zadfp

kd{vlsltlwa) zap ik}as hlstóplcas fetpf cabveldkdfs) zap pk}aefs

ofaopëglcks) ìtelcks | cvitvpkifs%

4%4 Gkclildkd zkpk hkcfp Efoaclas

Fe ik slovlfetf tkìk sf zpfsfetk ik cikslglckclóe oia`ki df ias dktas df

Daleo @vslefss) df ik ’Gkclildkd df hkcfp efoaclas‒ (fetpf ;8;

fcaeabâks, | ik cikslglckclóe zap ckdk tfbk) tketa zkpk fi Zfpý caba

zkpk Fstkdas Veldas | atpks fcaeabâks {vf cabzltfe cae easatpas fe

fstf bfpckda%

Pkenleo df Gkclildkd zkpk hkcfp Efoaclas 0:;:

MMD OPAVZ SKC 07




Gvfetf= Daleo @vslefss% @keca Bvedlki

Fi Zfpý sf fecvfetpk v`lckda fe ik zaslclóe 67 fe fi pkenleo oia`ki cae

pfszfcta k ik gkclildkd df hkcfp efoaclas) blfetpks {vf Fstkdas Veldas

sf fecvfetpk fe ik cvkptk zaslclóe% Kýe cae fi zadfp {vf tlfef ik

fcaeabâk fstkdaveldfesf) pf{vlfpf bfmapkp kioveas kszfctas caba fi

zkoa df lbzvfstas) fi bkefma df zfpblsas zkpk caestpvlp | fi cabfpcla

tpkesgpaetfpl}a%

4%6 Letfpckb`la cabfpclki Zfpý – Fstkdas Veldas

Fi letfpckb`la cabfpclki hk slda gkwapkìf k evfstpa zkâs) kve{vf ik

`pfchk sf hk pfdvclda% Fe 0:;:) ik `kike}k kicke}ó VS$ 6:4%0 bliiaefs

blfetpks {vf fi letfpckb`la gvf VS$ 8)768%3 bliiaefs% Fi dfscfesa dfi

skida cabfpclki sf df`ló ki lbzaptketf lecpfbfeta df ik dfbkedk

zfpvkek hkstk fi 0::<% Iks wfetks | iks cabzpks zfpvkeks

dfscfedlfpae fe 0:;: ia {vf hlsa pftpacfdfp fi wkiap df letfpckb`la%

Letfpckb`la Cabfpclki Zfpý – Fstkdas Veldas MMD OPAVZ SKC 0?




(Clgpks fe bliiaefs df VS$,

Gvfetf= SVEKT% Fikàpkclóe= ZPABZFPV

Zpleclzkifs Zpadvctas fxzaptkdas k Fstkdas Veldas

(Clgpks fe bliiaefs df VS$,

Gvfetf= SVEKT% Fikàpkclóe= ZPABZFPV

4%7 Sfobfetkclóe

Df lda ki opke tkbkûa) Fstkdas Veldas pfzpfsfetk ve lbzaptketf

bfpckda df lbzaptkclóe% Fi zkâs sf fecvfetpk k lfpta k evfwas

zpadvctas | tfceaiaoâks% Ias fxzaptkdapfs df`fe sfp pfkilstks k ik hapk

df caetkctkp cabzpkdapfs df lda k {vf ias opkedfs lbzaptkdapfs

tlfefe zpfsfeclk k elwfi ekclaeki | dfbkedke opkedfs waiýbfefs%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 08




Ik sfobfetkclóe dfi bfpckda caesldfpk wkplks wkplk ifs% Sf df`f

tfefp fe cvfetk ik fdkd) pk}k) ciksf saclki | pfilolask% Ias

dlstpl`vldapfs hke sk`lda kdkztkpsf k iks dlgfpfetfs fxlofeclks df ckdk

sfobfeta | iifokpae k fszfclkil}kpsf% Ik fszfclkil}kclóe zpawacó fi

svpolblfeta df ’tlfedks fszfclkil}kdks‒ tkifs caba Habf Dfzat ) @fst

@v| ) fetpf atpks) ias cvkifs pfzpfsfetke fi ;;& df iks wfetks

bleaplstks%

Fi caesvbldap fstkdaveldfesf fs ýelca df`lda k ik fxlofeclk df

ckildkd df ias zpadvctas% Ik bk|apâk df iks wfetks sf iaopke k tpkwìs

df opkedfs ckdfeks df dlstpl`vclóe caba _ki"Bkpt cae 4::: tlfedks)

Thf Npaofp Ca%) Sfkps Paf`vcn ' Ca% cabzpkda zap Nbkpt | Skgfk|%

Fi bfpckda fstkdaveldfesf sf dlwldf fe pfolaefs fcaeóblcks | ckdk

pfolóe tlfef sv zpazla clpcvlta df dlstpl vclóe% Fi bfpckda zvfdf

dlwldlpsf fe cleca (6, opkedfs }aeks ofaopëglcks=

" Fi cappfdap eapfstf cabzpfedf Evfwk \apn) @astae) _kshleotae |

Glikdfiglk)

" Ik Fs{vlek Svdfstf df ias Fstkdas Svpfûas cabzpfedf Blkbl) Evfwk

Apifëes | Ktiketk)

" Fi Bfdla Afstf cabzpfedf Chlckoa) Dftpalt | Cifwfiked%

" Fi Fstkda df Tfxks) Havstae | Dkiiks)

" Fi Afstf fe ofefpki | Ckilgapelk) fe zkptlcvikp Ias Ëeofifs | Ske

Gpkeclsca%

4%7%; Dktas zkpk ik sfobfetkclóe

Ias hab`pfs pfzpfsfetke fi 4<)3& | iks bvmfpfs fi 6:)?&% Fe cvketa k

ik pfilolóe) fi 6;)3& sae zpatfstketfs) fi 03)<& cktóilcas) fi ;)?&

mvdâas) atpa ;)?& sae bapbaefs) ve :)?& `vdlstks) ve :)7&

bvsvibkefs | ve ;7);& ea fstëe kdscpltas k eleovek pfilolóe% Fi pfsta

sae bleapâks pfilolasks caba ias aptadaxas oplfoas | pvsas) ektlwaskbfplckeas) hledýs) Ef Kof) sfctks wkplks ftc%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 0<




Zap fstkdas) ik zaìkclóe fstë `kstketf caecfetpkdk fe 8 fstkdas {vf

svzfpke ias ;: bliiaefs df hk`ltketfs) | fszfclkibfetf fe Ckilgapelk)

Tfxks) Evfwk \apn | Giapldk) {vf df hfcha sae ias fstkdas) mveta cae

Liileals | Zvfpta Plca daedf hk| bk|ap zpfsfeclk df evfstpas

zpadvctas%

Gvfetf= Dktas dfi Cfesa Eaptfkbfplckea 0:;:% VS Cfesvs @vpfkv Mvi%

0:;:

Pfszfcta k ik dlwlslóe zap pk}k) ik zaìkclóe hlszkek df FFVV hk

cpfclda wfptloleaskbfetf fe ias ýitlbas kûas% Sf zpfwì {vf fe 0:;6

ias hlszkeas sfpëe 76 bliiaefs) kctvkibfetf sf ckicvike cfpck df 44

bliiaefs% Fsta ias caewlfptf fe ve bfpckda dfetpa dfi zpazla bfpckda)

tfelfeda fe cvfetk ik opke dlwfpsldkd {vf pfolstpke caba opvza%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 3:




Gvfetf= Dktas dfi Cfesa Eaptfkbfplckea 0:;:% VS Cfesvs @vpfkv dlc%

0:;:%

Zap ia {vf sf pfglfpf k ias dktas zap fdkd) fs letfpfsketf k bada dfsfobfetkp fi bfpckda zkpk zpadvctas {vf tfeoke ve cabzaefetf

lbzaptketf pfikclaekda cae ik fdkd= pazk legketli) zpadvctas bìdlcas |

df aptazfdlk) ftc% Hk| {vf dfstkckp fi sfobfeta df ias iikbkdas @k`|

@aabfps) ik ofefpkclóe {vf ekcló fetpf ;<46 | ;<7: {vf pfzpfsfetke

?6 bliiaefs df eaptfkbfplckeas cae ve kita zadfp kd{vlsltlwa | {vf sf

kvtazpacikbke= ’_f kpf thf fcaeab|‒

Gvfetf= Dktas dfi Cfesa Eaptfkbfplckea 0:;:% VS Cfesvs @vpfkv dlc%

0:;:

MMD OPAVZ SKC 3;




4%? Dlstpl`vclóe | tpkeszaptf df bfpckdfpâks

Ik fifcclóe df ve dlstpl`vldap iacki (lbzaptkdap) bk|aplstk a ve

kofetf, fs fsfeclki% Fe evfstpa zike fstpktìolca ve Tpkdfp sfpë

fi bfdla df dlstpl`vclóe%

Ofefpkibfetf) ias dlstpl`vldapfs zpfglfpfe caecfetpkpsf) fe ve

zpleclzla) fe ve pkeoa ilbltkda df zpadvctas dfetpa df vek

zf{vfûk ëpfk ofaopëglck zkpk ivfoa fxzkedlp sv ca`fptvpk df

bfpckda% Kdfbës dfi caetpkta df dlstpl`vclóe df zpadvctas fe fi

bfpckda fstkdaveldfesf) fi dlstpl`vldap sf zpatfof caetpk ias

plfsoas df ’pfszaesk lildkd dfi zpadvcta‒ {vf cv`pfe ik

pfszaesk`lildkd dfi gk plcketf fe pfikclóe cae fi zpadvcta%

Kslblsba) sf ksfovpke {vf sv bkpck ea sfk vtlil}kdk zap ve

tfpcfpa%

Ik zkptlclzkclóe fe fxhl lclaefs | gfplks cabfpclkifs sfpfcablfedk caba zplbfp zksa zkpk fxzaptkp ki bfpckda

fstkdaveldfesf% Fstks fxhl lclaefs sae ckdk wf} bks

fszfclkil}kdks | sf apokel}ke zap sfctapfs% Fe cvketa k ik

tfedfeclk kctvki) sf zpfglfpfe iks fxhl lclaefs pfolaekifs

fszfclkil}kdks daedf ias wlsltketfs zvfdfe caetkctkpsf cae sv

zpazlk pfd df dlstpl`vclóe iacki%

Tadks iks castks dfi zkâs tlfefe zvfptas lbzaptketfs% Fstas sae

kitkbfetf dfskppaiikdas | kvtabktl}kdas zkpk vek dlstpl`vclóe

pëzldk df ias caetfefdapfs df bfpckecâks% Kioveas df fiias

agpfcfe vek caefxlóe dlpfctk hkclk ias ckekifs% Ias zpleclzkifs

zvfptas cabzpfedfe Iaeo @fkch) Evfwk \apn) @astae) Akniked)

Havstae) Ias Ëeofifs) Blkbl) Evfwk Apifëes) Chkpifstae) Sfkttif

| Zaptiked% Fstkdas Veldas zasff bës df ;8)::: kfpazvfptas) df

MMD OPAVZ SKC 30




ias cvkifs Chlckoa) Evfwk \apn MGN | Ias Ëeofifs sae ias df

bk|ap tkbkûa | svstfetke ve opke givma cabfpclki%

4%8 Caesfmas zkpk efoaclkp fe ias Fstkdas Veldas

Fe tlfbzas df ik oia`kil}kclóe) ik cabvelckclóe letfpcvitvpki sf hk

caewfptlda fe vek hfppkblfetk `ëslck zkpk ias efoaclas {vf sf

pfkil}ke fetpf zfpsaeks df dlgfpfetfs opvzas cvitvpkifs% Ik ckzkcldkd

letfpcvitvpki fs ik hk`lildkd df cabvelckpsf df gapbk óztlbk cae

zfpsaeks df atpks cvitvpks | zadfp fetfedfp sv cabzaptkblfeta | sv

bkefpk df zfeskp%

Tabkpsf fi tlfbza zkpk caeacfp kioa sa`pf ik cvitvpk df ve zkâs)

ketfs df hkcfp efoaclas) fs vek bvfstpk df pfszfta | svfif sfp

zpagvedkbfetf kzpfclkdk% K{vfiias {vf cabzpfedfe ik cvitvpk

tlfefe bës azaptveldkd df dfskppaiikp pfikclaefs df efoaclas

fxltasks | df ikpoa zik}a%

Ik zvetvkildkd fs lbzaptketf% Sl iifokpë ktpkskda kwlsf caeketlclzkclóe% Ik zplbfpk pfvelóe fs gvedkbfetki zkpk dkp lbkofe

df sfplfdkd) caeglke}k | cpfdl`lildkd df ik fbzpfsk%

Fi vsa df tfpea | cap`ktk fs ia bës kcaesfmkìf zkpk ias

hab`pfs% Zkpk iks bvmfpfs tkb`lìe fs kcaesfmkìf ve tpkmf df

ckpëctfp caesfpwkdap%

Fi fbzpfskpla eaptfkbfplckea svzaef {vf fi wlsltketf hk ikleoiìs> sl ea fs ksâ) fs caewfelfetf iifwkp ve letìpzpftf%

Fwltkp hkìkp df tfbks zaiâtlcas) pfilolasas) df sfxa) df pk}ks |

df ik kzkplfeclk df iks zfpsaeks% Tkbzaca cpltl{vf k iks zfpsaeks a

castvb`pfs dfi zkâs%

Tfbks kzpazlkdas zkpk vek caewfpskclóe sae zap fmfbzia ias

dfzaptfs) wlkmfs) cabldks) iltfpktvpk a clef%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 33




Sl `lfe ea sf fszfpk {vf fi fbzpfskpla fetpfovf kioýe pfokia) sâ

zvfdf hkcfpia% Kioa `lfe pfcl`lda fs kioa zpazla df sv zkâs% Fi

babfeta df fetpfokpia fs dfszvìs {vf sf hk|k cfppkda fi efoacla%

Zap eapbk ofefpki) iks pfvelaefs dvpke fi tlfbza kcapdkda

zpfwlkbfetf skiwa {vf fstìe letfpfskdas fe iifokp k kcvfpdas | ea

sf dfsfk {vf {vfdfe tfbks zfedlfetfs%

Sl fi efoacla ea ifs zkpfcf letfpfsketf) ia dlpëe k`lfptkbfetf |

tfpblekpëe cae ik pfvelóe ia ketfs zaslìf% Fsta ýitlba ea a`fdfcf

k vek dfscaptfsâk slea sfecliikbfetf k {vf fiias wkiapke fi tlfbza)

tketa fi df fiias caba fi df ik caetpkzkptf%

4%< Caecivslóe

Caecivlbas {vf evfstpa zpadvcta sf cabfpclkil}kpë fe Blkbl

Daetae) |k {vf zap sfp fe cfetpa fi cabfpcla | fi tpkeslta df

zfpsaeks fs bës givlda) tfelfeda caba bfpckda bftk ia slovlfetf=

Iks bvmfpfs {vf pfzpfsfetke fe Blkbl fi 6:%?& df ik zaìkclóe) dfi

cvki fi 08%3& fstëe fe fi pkeoa df fdkd 0:"4: kûas ki cvki eas

dlplolbas) leciv|feda tadks iks cvitvpks {vf hk ltke (kbfplckeas)

hlszkeas) kgpakbfplckeas) ftc%,

Df fstf pfsvitkda fstkbas kzvetkeda ki ?& (3;6::: hk`ltketfs

kzpaxlbkdkbfetf,) | glekibfetf cae ik cketldkd {vf fstlbkbas

fxzaptkp fstkbas k`kpckeda fi 3;%6& df ia sfobfetkda kzilckeda ksâ evfstpa dfscpfbkda df bfpckda%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 34




6% KEKILSLS DF IK LEDVSTPLK Tatki cvitlwas sfb`pkdas= 30:; bliiaefs (hks,

Cvitlwas zfpbkefetfs= ;:63 bliiaefs (hks,

Cvitlwas tpkesltaplas= 0;48 bliiaefs (hks,

Gvfetf BLEKO

Fikàpkda zap ZPABZFPV

6%; Ledvstplk df caesfpwks | bfpbfikdks

Ik koplcvitvpk fe fi Zfpý fstë fe kvof | fs caesldfpkdk zap dlstletks

apokel}kclaefs | kctapfs caba vek azaptveldkd df dfskppaiia) df`lda

zpleclzkibfetf k ik cpfclfetf dfbkedk df bfpckdas letfpekclaekifs%

Fstf zpacfsa lecapzapk ckdk wf} k ve bk|ap eýbfpa df caesvbldapfs)

zpadvctapfs) tpkesgapbkdapfs | cabfpclkil}kdapfs {vf efcfsltke tfefp

MMD OPAVZ SKC 36




kccfsa k legapbkclóe kctvkil}kdk df ik agfptk | df ik dfbkedk df fstf

tlza df zpadvctas%

Fi sfctap kopaledvstplki zpfsfetk ve opke dfskppaiia k elwfi ekclaeki)

dfstkcëedasf iks ledvstplks df caesfpwks df gpvtks (zpleclzkibfetf df

gpfsk) bkeoa) vwks) iýcvbk) ftc%,) ik zpadvcclóe df zvizks df gpvtks)

iks caesfpwks df haptkil}ks | ik zpadvcclóe | caesfpwkclóe df zvizk df

tabktf (zkstks caecfetpkdks) mvoas | caesfpwks,% Df fstk gapbk fs ve

sfctap kitkbfetf cabzftltlwa k elwfi ekclaeki%

Iks fxzaptkclaefs dfi sfctap kopaledvstplki k cpfclda fe ias ýitlbas ;:

kûas) bvfstpk ve cpfclblfeta zpabfdla df 4%;&) hk`lfeda kicke}kda

ve cpfclblfeta tatki df ;?&% Kslblsba ik ckekstk kopa fxzaptkdapk sf

hk kbzilkda zkskeda df 3 a 4 zpadvctas k cksl vek wfletfek df

zpadvctas kopafxzaptkìfs) zpleclzkibfetf dfi sv`sfctap

kopafxzaptkdap ea tpkdlclaeki%

Dfstkcke fetpf fiias= fszëppkoa) kickchagk) zkitk) bkeoa) ckbv ckbv)

zlblfeta zl{vliia) vwk) zëzplnk> fetpf atpas% Fi kzaofa df fstk kctlwldkd

sf hk fxtfedlda k ia ikpoa df ik castk zfpvkek) dfsdf Kpf{vlzk hkstk Tvb`fs) iaopëedasf kdfbës ve bk|ap eýbfpa df fbzpfsks

lewlptlfeda fe fstf sfctap% Fi ìxlta caestketf fe ik kopaledvstplk

zfpvkek sfpâk fxzilckda zap ve kzpawfchkblfeta df ik dlwfpsldkd

ektvpki> sfûkikbas {vf evfstpa Zkâs tlfef fe ik `ladlwfpsldkd sv

zpleclzki wfetkmk cabzkpktlwk) ik blsbk {vf df`f caewfptlpik fe sv

wfetkmk cabzftltlwk% Tkb`lìe sf fstë kzpfedlfeda | kzilckeda ckdk

wf} bës ik ofstlóe fbzpfskplki> | fe ik bfdldk {vf sf slok cpfclfedaik kopa fxzaptkclóe ìstk sf caestltvlpë fe ik lbkofe df evfstpa zkâs

caba zpadvctap kopafxzaptkdap%

Fe fi ikpoa zik}a) ;: kûas) ik kopaledvstplk zadpë fstkp fxzilckeda fi

dfskppaiia dfi zkâs) caestltv|ìedasf fe vea df ias zpleclzkifs sfctapfs

df ik fcaeabâk% Zap khapk) fe fi capta | bfdlkea zik}a sf tlfef {vf

pfsaiwfp ias zpaìfbks |k cltkdas% Fi fgfcta zasltlwa fstë gkwapfclfeda

sóia kipfdfdap dfi 0& dfi sfctap fxzaptkdap

MMD OPAVZ SKC 37




6%0 Tfedfeclks

Sfctap kopaledvstplki

MMD OPAVZ SKC 3?




Gvfetf SVEKT – Fikàpkda zap ZPABZFPV

Sfctap kopaledvstplki= zaiâtlck kopaledvstplki df iks fxzaptkclaefs


Fi sfctap kopaledvstplki sf fecvfetpk fe vek cpfclfetf fwaivclóe fe fi

bfpckda letfpekclaeki tfelfeda caba bfpckda zpleclzki fi

fstkdaveldfesf sfovlda zap fi df Kifbkek | Haikedk% Fe tketa ik

wkplkclóe & df zpadvctas ea tpkdlclaekifs zpfsfetk fe fi 0:;: ve

cpfclblfeta dfi 0:& cae Ia {vf sf zvfdf dftfpblekp ik tfedfeclk k

lecpfbfetkpsf fe ias zpóxlbas kûas df`lda k ik opke kcfztkclóe df ias

zpadvctas kilbfetlclas df aplofe ìtelca) opkclks ki cpfclblfeta

dfbaopëglca hlszkea% Sf hke ldfetlglckda zpadvctas evfwas cae opke

zatfeclki df dfskppaiia df`lda k ik dfbkedk fe fi bfpckda fvpazfa |

fstkdaveldfesf%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 38




Sfctap kopaledvstplki

Fikàpkda zap ZPABZFPV

Iks fxzaptkclaefs zkske df ias V$ 070 bli fe fi 0::< k ias V$ 0%;

bliiaefs fe fi 0:;:% Fe fi zplbfp tplbfstpf dfi 0:;; iks wfetks

kicke}ke ias V$ 60: bli k ve zpfcla zpabfdla df V$ ;%:< nlia Dfstkcke

fe fi 0:;; iks fxzaptkclaefs df Bfpbfikdks df Dvpk}ea cae V$ 00;

bli | iks df Vwk cae V$ 0?0 bli fetpf atpas% Ik wkplfdkd df gpvtk {vf

sf fxzaptk fe fstk zkptldk fs kbzilk% Ik bk|apâk df fiiks fstë fe

zpacfsa df dfovstkclóe zap ias cilfetfs zap ia {vf sf fszfpk ve opke

kvbfeta fstf kûa% Dfstkcke iks fxzaptkclaefs df Mkifks | Bfpbfikdks

cae VS ;%: bliiaefs%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 3<




Zpleclzkifs zpadvctas gpfscas hkclk FF%VV


FXZAPTKCLAE BFPBFIKDKS \ MKIFKS

MMD OPAVZ SKC 4:




Gvfetf KOPADKTKZFPV

7% ZIKE FSTPKTFOLCA DF IK FBZPFSK

7%; Wlslóe

Sfp pfcaeacldk ekclaeki f letfpekclaekibfetf caba vek fbzpfsk

fglclfetf | pfszaeskìf fe svs azfpkclaefs cabfpclkifs iifokeda k

vek saildf} fcaeóblck | cae vek ckzkcldkd df pfszvfstk aztlbk)

slfeda iâdfpfs fe cvketa k fxzaptkclaefs df evfstpa pv`pa

cabfpclki sf tpktf%

7%0 Blslóe

Cabfpclkil}kp evfstpk bfpbfikdk fe fi bfpckda kbfplckea

`pledëedaifs k ias caesvbldapfs ve zpadvcta tatkibfetf df sv

kopkda) kctvkeda caba vek fbzpfsk fglclfetf | fglck} fe cvketa ki

cvbzilblfeta df iks kctlwldkdfs kcapdkdks {vf sfpëe

zplbapdlkibfetf fe ckildkd | tlfbza) cae evfstpas cilfetfs zkpk

ksfovpkp ksâ sv caeglke}k | pfcaeaclblfeta%

7%3 Wkiapfs MMD OPAVZ SKC 4;




Tpkeszkpfeclk% Cabzkptlp legapbkclóe gldfdloek cae

evfstpas cilfetfs) fstkda) zpawffdapfs) ftc%

Bfmapk caetlevk zkpk `vsckp slfbzpf leeawkp | agpfcfp

bfmap zpadvcta | sfpwlcla

Pfszaesk lildkd saclki fstkp cabzpabftldas cae fi

dfskppaiia df ik cabveldkd

Cabzpablsa kb`lfetki zkpk k|vdkp k caetpl`vlp fi cvldkda

dfi bfdla kb`lfetf%

Fega{vf k evfstpas cilfetfs zkpk ofefpkpif vek ktfeclóe

bks zfpsaekil}kdk fe cvketa k zast wfetk%

Letfopldkd Ik caeglke}k fs gvedkbfetki fe tada ia {vf

hkcfbas%

7%4 Keëilsls GADK

Gaptkif}ks

;% Aztlbk Ofstlóe df legapbkclóe ketlclzkdk sa`pf ik

kd{vlslclóe df evfstpk BZ

0% @vfek ofstlóe iaoâstlck df k`kstfclblfeta | kibkcfekmf

3% Fcaeabâk fsckik kzilckdk

4% Vsa df hfppkblfetks kdblelstpktlwas iaoâstlcks | bkpnftleo

6% Bktfplk zplbk df ckildkd | wkplfdkd

Df`lildkdfs

;% Dlwfpslglckclóe df zpadvcta

0% Saiwfeclk glekeclfpk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 40




3% Tpkeszaptf df ckpok zfskdk

4% Fxzfplfeclk fe fi bfpckda

Azaptveldkdfs

;% Bkpck Zfpý cae opke kcfztkclóe letfpekclaeki

0% Elwfi df cabfpcla kscfedfetf

3% Fxlstfeclk df lecfetlwas zkpk ik fxzaptkclóe Dpk`kcn

4% Ik lecpfbfetkclóe df dfbkedk zap zpadvctas ektvpkifs

6% Hk lta df caesvba kscfedfetf

7% Okbk fszfclglck df zpawffdapfs zkpk svzilp efcfsldkdfs df

k`kstfclblfeta gvfpk df evfstpk dfbkedk zpa|fctkdk

?% Evfwas elchas df bfpckdas

8% Ckzkcldkd df k`kstfclblfeta

<% Bktfplk zplbk k`vedketf

;:% Fxlstfeclks df fbzpfsks |!a zfpsaeks fszfclkil}kdks fe

kctlwldkdfs fszfcâglcks (avtsavpcleo,%

Kbfek}ks

;% Hvfioks pfolaekifs

0% Zikoks

3% Dfskstpfs ektvpkifs

4% Cabzftldapfs

6% Zpadvctas svstltvtas

7% Dfzfedfeclk df zpawffdapfs

7%6 Cpvcf df bktpl} GADK

MMD OPAVZ SKC 43




G"A (vsa df evfstpks gaptkif}ks zkpk kzpawfchkp iks

azaptveldkdfs,

Fe `ksf k ik saildf} fglclfetf cae pfszfcta k evfstpas castas

zadfbas iifokp k ias evfwas elchas df bfpckda | cabzftlp dfbkefpk fgfctlwk fe `ksf k vek zaiâtlck df castas | caetpai df

ckildkd k zpfgfpfeclk dfi bfpckda%

Leopfsa ki bfpckda cae ve pfszkida {vf fs ik bkpck Zfpý

Kzpawfchkp ik cappfctk ofstlóe iaoâstlck zkpk tfefp ve caetpai

fglclfetf df ik zpawlslóe df lesvbas caba ik bktfplk zplbk

D"A (kzpawfchkp iks azaptveldkdfs zkpk svzfpkp evfstpks

df`lildkdfs,

Tfelfeda fe cvfetk {vf fxlstfe fbzpfsks fszfclkil}kdks fe

kctlwldkdfs dlwfpsks kzilckbas ve avtsavpcleo zkpk fi tpkeszaptf

df evfstpk bfpckdfpâk | zkpk evfstpa zpacfsa zpadvctlwa df ik

bfpbfikdk | ksâ slbzilglckp kctlwldkdfs%

Kzpawfchkp ik fxzfplfeclk dfi Tpkdfp zkpk okekp fxzfplfeclk fe fi

bfpckda

Ki bastpkpsf evfwas elchas df bfpckda tkb`lìe sf k pfe

zasl`lildkdfs df fxzkedlp ik okbk df zpadvctas k agpfcfp df`lda k

ias evfwas bfpckdas | svs evfwks efcfsldkdfs%

G"K (vsa df evfstpks gaptkif}ks zkpk efvtpkil}kp iks

kbfek}ks,

Zap bfdla df iks `vfeks ofstlaefs kdblelstpktlwks zadfbas

zpfwfelpeas df ve tlza df ckb`la baeftkpla dfsgkwapkìf bfdlketf

vsa df slstfbks |!a sfovpas caetpk fsta%

Tfelfeda ve zpadvcta df ckildkd tfefbas vek wfetkmk cabzftltlwk

gpfetf k ias zpadvctas svstltvtas | cabzftldapfs cpfkeda `kppfpks

df fetpkdk zkpk fiias%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 44




Kzpawfchkeda fi cappfcta vsa df ik tfceaiaoâk | fi `vfe caetpai df

ik legapbkclóe (kilke}k fstpktìolck, cae evfstpa zpawffdap

zadfbas pfdvclp kbzilkbfetf ik kbfek}k df iks zikoks) ftc%

Kzilckp ik ofstlóe kdblelstpktlwk zkpk ckzkcltkp | `pledkplegapbkclóe k evfstpas zpawffdapfs cae fi gle df gaptkifcfp ias

ik}as cabfpclkifs%

D"K (pfdvclp evfstpks df lildkdfs | efvtpkil}kp iks

kbfek}ks,

Kcazikp fi givma df legapbkclóe cae evfstpa zpawffdap df bkefpk

{vf easatpas tfeokbas bk|ap caetpai fe legapbkclóe) ckildkd |wkplkclóe dfi zpadvcta) gifxl`lildkd fe ik fstpvctvpk df castas) fstas

zvetas k|vdkpke k pfdvclp evfstpk fxzfplfeclk fe fi bfpckda |

k|vdkpke k bketfefp vek wfetkmk cabzftltlwk pfszfcta k ias

dfbës%

7%7 A`mftlwas dfi efoacla

Tfefbas caba a`mftlwas ik fxzkeslóe | zaslclaekblfeta fe iasevfwas elchas df bfpckda sa`pfskilfetfs df FF%VV fe cvketa k

elwfifs fcaeóblcas) hë`ltas df caesvba hkclk evfstpa zpadvcta)

tkbkûa zaìkclaeki) ftc% @pledëedaifs ve zpadvcta {vf svzfpf iks

fxzfctktlwks df ias blsbas%

7%? A`mftlwas fstpktìolcas

Sfp ik zplbfpk azclóe df cabzpk fe bfpbfikdks

skivdkìfs (bfdlkea zik}a,

Ofefpkp pfetk`lildkd k tpkwìs df ik sktlsgkcclóe dfi cilfetf

(bfdlkea zik}a,

Lecfetlwkp fi caesvba df ve zpadvcta `kedfpk zfpvkea%

(bfdlkea zik}a ,

MMD OPAVZ SKC 46




Leopfskp k bfpckdas vskeda hfppkblfetks caba bkpnftleo

svìlbleki | kcaofp fi bfpckda iktlea (capta zik}a,

Bfmapkp ik pfikclóe cilfetf (easatpas, – zpawffdap zkpk ik

bfmapk df ik ckdfek zpadvctlwk (capta zik}a,

Bfmapkp ik pfikclóe cae ias cilfetfs k tpkwìs df ias sfpwlclas

zast wfetk tfelfeda caba glekildkd ik ldfkil}kclóe dfi blsba%

(bfdlkea zik}a,

7%8 Iks gvfp}ks df Zaptfp

Fe fi zveta df wlstk df Zaptfp fxlstfe cleca gvfp}ks {vf dftfpbleke iks

caesfcvfeclks df pfetk`lildkd k ikpoa zik}a df ve bfpckda a df kioýe

sfobfeta df ìstf% Ik ldfk fs {vf ik capzapkclóe df`f fwkivkp svs

a`mftlwas | pfcvpsas gpfetf k ìstks cleca gvfp}ks {vf plofe ik

cabzftfeclk ledvstplki

Kbfek}k df fetpkdk df evfwas cabzftldapfs

Fe fi pv`pa df bfpbfikdks easatpas caetkbas cae vek wfetkek ki sfp

zplbfp leopfsa fe `ksf k ik wkplfdkd dfi skàp df evfstpk bfpbfikdk

| fe fi pv`pa df fxzaptkclaefs Zfpvkeks df fstf tlza df zpadvcta%

Wkbas k batlwkp fi caesvba zap vek tfedfeclk k ik skivd) zap fedf

gldfil}kpfbas k evfstpa tkpoft | cae fstf hfcha ofefpkpfbas ve taz

bled fetpf ias blsbas ia cvki tlfef caba caesfcvfeclk vek `kppfpk fe

`ksf k zpfgfpfeclks | hë`lta df caesvba zkpk evfstpas cabzftldapfs

gvtvpas%

Vek wf} dfetpa df fstf elcha df bfpckda) slfeda caeslfetfs {vf

fxlstfe fbzpfsks |k fstkìfcldks fe fi bfpckda cae vek bkpck |k

pfcaeacldk | atpks fbzpfsks zap caestltvlpsf% Sf `vsckpk bketfefp

ik}as cabfpclkifs df bkefpk glfi cae evfstpas zpawffdapfs) tpk`kmkp

mvetas fe ik `ýs{vfdk df a`mftlwas zkpk ksâ okekp zpfgfpfeclk ketf

k{vfiiks fbzpfsks {vf zlfesfe fetpkp fe fi pv`pa fe fi {vf fstkbas

Kbfek}k zpadvctas svstltvtas MMD OPAVZ SKC 47




Dfetpa df iks kbfek}ks df zpadvctas {vf zadpâke svstltvlp ki evfstpa

tfefbas) zpadvctas fikàpkdas zap iks fbzpfsks caba tkb lìe

zpadvctas zpadvcldas | fikàpkdas fe cksk% Fsa fs dfsgkwapkìf zfpa

ck`f bfeclaekp {vf evfstpa bfpckda a`mftlwa tlfef ik tfedfeclk df

caesvblp zpadvctas ilstas) zkpk fi caesvba {vf fstf ifs kzaptf ve kita

wkiap evtplclaeki | sfk df bfmap ckildkd% Fstk eas cpfk vek wfetkmk k

easatpas zkpk zadfp caetpk pfstkp iks kbfek}ks df zpadvctas

svstltvtas df`lda k {vf zpfsfetkbas fe fi bfpckda ve zpadvcta

fpoaeóblca) df ckildkd svzfplap | {vf zpfsfetk opkedfs fxzfctktlwks

fe fi bfpckda ia cvki eas dk k svzaefp {vf fi pffbzik}a df evfstpa

zpadvcta fs df `kmk fsckik

Zadfp efoaclkdap df ias cabzpkdapfs

Fs vea df ias zvetas bës cpâtlcas {vf tlfef tadk fbzpfsk |k {vf sle

cilfetfs ea hk| pk}óe df sfp%

Ik bfmap pfzpfsfetkclóe {vf sf zvfdf tfefp fs ik wkplk`lildkd df ik

dfbkedk {vf zfpcl`lpfbas fe ik fmfcvclóe df ik kctlwldkd cabfpclki%

Zfpa caba fe fstf cksa kve ea tfefbas fmfpclcla cabfpclki fe tlfbza

pfki easatpas eas glmkpfbas fe fi cabzaptkblfeta dfi caesvbldap df

bkefpk ofefpki cae pfszfcta k sv pfkcclóe ki caesvba df bfpbfikdks

(vtlil}keda ik hfppkblfetk df `fechbkpnleo, zkpk ksâ tfefp vek `ksf

{vf eas zfpbltk dkpeas ve fega{vf sa`pf zaslìfs fscfekplas | df

kcvfpda k fiias caba df`fbas kctvkp%

Zpaìfbks {vf sf zpfsfetkpâke=

[vf fi caesvbldap ea kd{vlfpk fi zpadvcta df`lda ki zpfcla%

Ik zfpcfzclóe df wkiap ea if sfk cabzfeskdk cae fi zpadvcta

gleki

Ea aztf zap cabzpkp) |k sfk zap fi dlsfûa dfi fewksf dfi

zpadvcta a ik zpfsfetkclóe df ik blsbk%

\k tfeok bkpcks {vf hke iaopkda sv ldfkil}kclóe MMD OPAVZ SKC 4?




Ik zvìlcldkd ea iifok k sfp fgfctlwk zkpk ik letfpzpftkclóe df

fstas%

Ziketfkblfeta df saivclaefs=

Cae pfszfcta ki zpfcla easatpas ea tfefbas lecaewfelfetfs

df`lda k {vf evfstpa zpadvcta sl `lfe fs clfpta sf wfpk

lecpfbfetkda fe fi zpfcla gleki df`lda ki bkpofe df okekeclk {vf

zfpcl`lpë evfstpa cilfetf dlpfcta (Tpkdfp | cablslóe df

svzfpbfpckda,) fstf iifokpk cae ve zpfcla gleki cabzftltlwa | cae

wkiapfs kopfokdas {vf ksfovpkpke vek `ksf saildk cae ik cvki

cabzftlp fglclfetfbfetf fe zpa dfi zaslclaekblfeta fe fi tkpoft%

Fe cvketa k ik zpfsfetkclóe easatpas vskpfbas caiapfs {vf sae

df kcfztkclóe | svfife sfp hk`ltvkifs fe fstf bfpckda | {vf fstëe

fszfclglckdas fe ias fstëedkpfs {vf df`fbas cvbzilp ki fxzaptkp

fstf zpadvcta k evfstpa bfpckda bftk (fsks eapbks |

fszfclglckclaefs sf wfe fe fi GDK,%

Df`lda k {vf fe evfstpk ftl{vftk ksaclkpfbas evfstpk bkpck ki

iaoatlza df ik bkpck Zfpý) easatpas a`tfedpfbas ve zivs df`lda k ik

opke kcfztkclóe | pfcaeaclblfeta {vf fstk a tfelfeda fstf

zpaopkbk {vf eas `pledk fi fstkda%

Sa`pf ik ldfkil}kclóe {vf fi caesvbldap zvfdk tfefp sa`pf

clfptks bkpcks (cabzftfeclks, ) df lda k {vf easatpas fstkbas

fetpkeda k cabzftlp cae ve zpadvcta evfwa dfetpa df ve bfpckda

kctvki(df`lda k {vf fe fstf bfpckda |k fxlstf ik bfpbfikdk zfpa

ea ik df vwk a iýcvbk,) fstk wkplketf leeawkdapk eas dk vek wfetkmk

cabzftltlwk k tpkwìs df ik dlgfpfeclkclóe fgfctlwk ik cvki ktpkfpë

ktfeclóe df evfstpas caesvbldapfs | ofefpk vek zfpcfzclóe df

wkiap k ik cvki fiias pfszaedfpëe kd{vlplfeda fi zpadvcta gleki%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 48




Fe ia pfgfpfetf k ik zvìlcldkd eas kza|kpfbas |

kzpawfchkpfbas fi nea ha {vf zasff evfstpa Tpkdfp fi cvki sf

feckpokpk df dlstpl`vlp evfstpa zpadvcta zfpcl`lfeda sv bkpofe df

okekeclk) Fi tlfef fi caeaclblfeta df fstf bfpckda df`lda k {vf ficabfpclkil}k cae fstf atpas zpadvctas | caeacf dfi tlza df

cabzaptkblfeta | zfpcfzclóe df ias blsbas zap ia caesfcvfetf

easatpas sk`pfbas {vf hfppkblfetks df zvìlcldkd sf zvfdfe

kzilckp (fe zplbfpk lestkeclk sfpëe hfppkblfetks `kma ik iâefk

`vsckeda aztlbl}kp ias castas,%

Zadfp efoaclkdap df ias zpawffdapfs

Df`lda k sv letfpwfeclóe fs {vf zadfbas iifokp ki zpadvcta gleki% Ias

lesvbas {vf sf pf{vlfpfe k ia ikpoa dfi zpacfsa sae feopkekmfs {vf sf

wke kcabadkeda cae fi cvbzilblfeta df ckdk vek df iks kctlwldkdfs

zikefkdks%

Tadks fstks kctlwldkdfs | ofstlaefs bks evfstpa bkpofe df vtlildkd

sae ekdk bës {vf fi zpfcla gleki {vf evfstpa zpadvcta tfedpë (fi zpfcla

ki {vf sf fetpfokpk ki Tpkdfp,%

Dfgleltlwkbfetf sl sf dlfpk fi cksa df ve lecpfbfeta df zpfcla cae

cvki{vlfpk df evfstpas zpawffdapfs df ik bktfplk zplbk (vwk | iýcvbk,

sfplk zfpmvdlclki zkpk fi pfsta df ik ckdfek) tfedpâk ve lbzkcta dlpfcta

cae fi pfsvitkda dfi zpfcla gleki

Atpa zveta zvfdf sfp {vf fstas ea aztfe zap sfovlp tpk`kmkeda cae

easatpas df`lda k ’e‒ pk}aefs (atpas cabzpkdapfs) bk|ap ivcpa)zfpsaekifs) ftc%,

Fsta saia fs fe fi cksa df vea df evfstpas zpawffdapfs% Zfpa k pkâ} df

ias zaslìfs zpaìfbks | k ias gkctapfs k ias {vf sf df`fe>

ldfetlglcëedaias fs {vf ziketfkpfbas iks saivclaefs%

Zkpk fbzf}kp vtlil}kpfbas caetpktas k bfdlkea zik}a ia cvki eas

okpketl}kpk ik kd{vlslclóe df ik bktfplk zplbk | vtlil}kpfbas vek

MMD OPAVZ SKC 4<




cabvelckclóe cikpk | cabzkptldk zkpk `vsckp fi `fefglcla bvtva (iks

efoaclkclaefs tfedpëe ik ckpkctfpâstlck df sfp _le ta _le,

Cae fsta pfdvclbas fi plfsoa df ea zadfp a`tfefp fi lesvba pf{vfplda>

| df sfp ksâ tfefp ve `vfe tlfbza zkpk zadfp kekil}kp atpa ckeki agapbk df kd{vlplpik%

Gaptkifcfpfbas ias ik}as cabfpclkifs cae fi gle df gldfil}kp | hkiikp fe

fstas ve kilkda fstpktìolca zkpk zadfp kgpaetkp ias zpaìfbks gvtvpas)

fsta ia iaopkpfbas cae vek caedvctk cabfpclki kztk (zvetvkildkd fe

ias zkoas) tpk`kmkp df bkefpk caeclsk | tpkeszkpfetf, slfbzpf fstkp

dlszvfstas k efoaclkp ias zpfclas fe `ksf k vek cappfctk efoaclkclóe%

Vek wf} fstk ifcldk | zaelfeda fe zpkctlck fi fmfpclcla df

cabvelckclóe hapl}aetki | fgfctlwk fetpf kb`ks zkptfs) fs {vf

easatpas if `pledkpfbas kza|a bfdlketf ksfsapâk) pfgap}keda sv

ofstlóe cae hfppkblfetks {vf if zfpbltke bfmapkp svs zikefs fe

dlwfpsas zvetas%

Plwkildkd fetpf cabzftldapfs kctvkifs

Vek wf} dfskppaiikda iks 4 gvfp}ks ketfplapfs) fs {vf eas dkbas ve

fega{vf cikpa sa`pf fi fscfekpla fe fi cvki eas dfskppaiikpfbas | fe

fstf zveta tfedpfbas {vf kekil}kp k ias kctvkifs cabzftldapfs) ias

cvkifs |k fstëe fe fi bfpckda fmfpclfeda kctlwldkd cabfpclki%

Fe fstf fscfekpla sf fecvfetpke fbzpfsks {vf cabfpclkil}ke iks

bfpbfikdks fe dlgfpfetfs skàpfs) zfpa ea dfi skàp {vf easatpas

cabfpclkil}kpfbas fe fstf bfpckda%

Fetaecfs fs {vf easatpas tfefbas ve zplbfp leopfsa ki bfpckda fe

cvketa k dlgfpfeclkclóe sf tpktk) df`lda k ik evfwk wkplfdkd df skàp

{vf agpfcfbas%

7%<Gvfetfs ofefpkdapks df wfetkmks cabzftltlwks

Tfefbas caba wfetkmk cabzftltlwk agpfcfp ve zpadvcta `kskda

fe gpvtk (vwk, {vf k|vdk | `pledk ki caesvbldap vek kilbfetkclóe

MMD OPAVZ SKC 6:




bks skek) cvldkeda sv cvfpza | skivd) |k {vf fxlstf vek opke

bfpckda k`lfpta k caesvblp fstas tlzas df zpadvctas%

Ik `ladlwfpsldkd cae ik {vf cvfetk fi Zfpý eas hkcf bks

cabzftltlwas zfpbltlìedaeas a`tfefp bktfplk zplbk df kitk ckildkd| caetkp cae vek opke gvfetf |!a azclaefs zkpk k`kstfcfpeas df

bktfplk zplbk%

\k {vf tfpcfpl}kpfbas iks azfpkclaefs df tpkeszaptf letfpea | df

zpadvcclóe df bfpbfikdk eas dk ik azaptveldkd df caecfetpkpeas

fe evfstpa zveta gvfptf {vf fs ik cabfpclkil}kclóe%

CKZLTVIA LL

?% ZIKE \ A@MFTLWAS DF BKPNFTLEO

?%; Glchk tìcelck (vwk,

Eab`pf dfi Zpadvcta Bfpbfikdk df VwkDFSCPLZCLÓE DFI

ZPADVCTA

Sf dfglef k ik bfpbfikdk df vwk caba ve

zpadvcta df caeslstfeclk zkstask a

ofiktleask) a`tfeldk zap cacclóe |

caecfetpkclóe df vwks skeks)

kdfcvkdkbfetf zpfzkpkdks cae kovk |

k}ýckp

MMD OPAVZ SKC 6;




IVOKP DF

FIK@APKCLAE

CABZASLCLAEEVTPLCLAEKI

Ckpàhldpktas 73&Zpatfâek :)38&

Opksk"iâzldas :&

Kovk 36&

Blefpkifs ;&

Ckiapâks kzaptkdks

Zap ;::o

CKPKCTFPLSTLCKSAPO

KEAIFZTLCKS

Caiap= paml}a

Kszfcta= Iikbktlwa

Skàp= ilofpkbfetf kclda

Aiap= sfbfmketf ki df ik gpvtk

Caiap= velgapbf | cae vek

Caeslstfeclk sfbl wlscask

Cabzaslclóe Fe zfsa=

Zvizk df Vwk) 3<%? &

K}ýckp) 7: &

Zfctlek) :%3 &

Bktfplk zplbk kopâcaik Pfcaifctapfs df vwk% Df ik castk

fxkctkbfetf dfi dfzkptkbfeta df LCK

Pfolstpas skeltkplas

Dfscplzclóe Zap sv dfesldkd fs vek bfpbfikdk)

kve{vf ea iifwf tpa}as df gpvtk% Fstë

fikàpkdk cae zvizk df vwk) casfchkda fe

fi dfzkptkbfeta df LCK) Tketa sv elwfi df

ofilglckclóe caba sv kcldf} sae ektvpkifs%

Zkpëbftpas tìcelcas Opkda @plx= 76 k 7?½ zH= 3%6 – 4%: MMD OPAVZ SKC 60




Iifekda fe ckilfetf (bës df <:: C,)

fstfplil}kclóe zap `kûa bkpâk df ;:

blevtas fe kovk k ;::½C | cha{vf tìpblca

Zpfsfetkclóe |

ftl{vftkda

Fewksf df wldpla cae clfppf Tlst Agg

Tkbkûa= 8 ae}ks

Zfsa efta= 06: o

Sf agpfcf cae ftl{vftk caegapbf k ik

eapbktlwk df ftl{vftkda dfi zkâs df

dfstlea

CAESLDFPKCLAEFS

ZKPK FI

KIBKCFEKBLFETA

Ea kibkcfekp cae zpadvctas {vf lbzplbke

ve gvfptf kpabk

Caesfpwkclóe% K tfbzfpktvpk kb`lfetf) k bfeas df 3:½ %

Vek wf} k`lfpta fi fewksf) sf tlfef {vf

caesfpwkp fi zpadvcta fe pfgplofpkclóe

WLDK VTLI FSTLBKDK ;0 bfsfs k zkptlp dfi dâk df sv

fikàpkclóe%

Vsa Caesvba caegapbf k ias hë`ltas df vsa df

bfpbfikdks zap fmfbzia cae hfikda)

feskikdks df gpvtk) mvoas | atpas

Sf vtlil}k ofefpkibfetf cae zke a fezkstfifpâks

?%0 Glchk tìcelck (iýcvbk,

Eab`pf dfi Zpadvcta Bfpbfikdk df Iýcvbk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 63




DFSCPLZCLÓE DFI

ZPADVCTA

Sf dfglef k ik bfpbfikdk df vwk caba ve

zpadvcta df caeslstfeclk zkstask a

ofiktleask) a`tfeldk zap cacclóe |

caecfetpkclóe df iýcvbks skeks)

kdfcvkdkbfetf zpfzkpkdks cae kovk |

k}ýckp

Fe zpleclzla) wkif dfstkckp {vf ik iýcvbk

{vf fs plca fe gl`pk) hlfppa | ckpatfea) tpfs

svstkeclks cikwfs zkpk fi cappfcta

gveclaekblfeta dfi apokelsba%

IVOKP DF

FIK@APKCLAE

K"; DFI ZFPV LEDVSTPLKI \

CABFPCLKI S%K%C%

PVC= 0:6;337?8:7CABZASLCLAE

EVTPLCLAEKI

OPKSK TATKI :%3:&

GL@PK DLFTÌTLCK :%;3&

TATKI DF CKP@AHLDPKTAS ;3%34&

K]ÝCKP 60%8&

ZPATFÂEK :%:6&

WLTKBLEK C 3%33&CKPKCTFPLSTLCKS

APOKEAIFZTLCKS Caiap= Kbkpliifeta

Kszfcta= Iikbktlwa

Skàp= ilofpkbfetf Dvicf

Aiap= sfbfmketf ki df ik gpvtk

Caiap= velgapbf | cae vek

Caeslstfeclk sfbl wlscask

MMD OPAVZ SKC 64




Bktfplk zplbk kopâcaik Pfcaifctapfs df Iýcvbk% Df ik castk

fxkctkbfetf dfi dfzkptkbfeta df ILBK

Dfscplzclóe Zap sv dfesldkd fs vek bfpbfikdk)kve{vf ea iifwf tpa}as df gpvtk% Fstë

fikàpkdk cae zvizk df Iýcvbk)

casfchkda fe fi dfzkptkbfeta df Zlvpk)

Tketa sv elwfi df ofilglckclóe caba sv

kcldf} sae ektvpkifs%

Zkpëbftpas tìcelcas Opkda @plx= 76 k 7?½ zH= 3%6 – 4%:

Iifekda fe ckilfetf (bës df <:: C,)

fstfplil}kclóe zap `kûa bkpâk df ;:

blevtas fe kovk k ;::½C | cha{vf tìpblca

Zpfsfetkclóe |

ftl{vftkda

Fewksf df wldpla cae clfppf Tlst Agg

Tkbkûa= 8 ae}ks

Zfsa efta= 06: o

Sf agpfcf cae ftl{vftk caegapbf k ik

eapbktlwk df ftl{vftkda df Evfstpa zkâs

df dfstlea

CAESLDFPKCLAEFS

ZKPK FIKIBKCFEKBLFETA

Ea kibkcfekp cae zpadvctas {vf lbzplbke

ve gvfptf Kpabk

Caesfpwkclóe% K tfbzfpktvpk kb`lfetf) k bfeas df 3:½ %

Vek wf} k`lfpta fi fewksf) sf tlfef {vf

caesfpwkp fi zpadvcta fe pfgplofpkclóe

WLDK VTLI FSTLBKDK 7 bfsfs k zkptlp dfi dâk df sv fikàpkclóe%

Vsa Caesvba caegapbf k ias hë`ltas df vsa df MMD OPAVZ SKC 66




bfpbfikdks zap fmfbzia cae hfikda)

feskikdks df gpvtk) mvoas | atpas

Sf vtlil}k ofefpkibfetf cae zke a fe

zkstfifpâksPfcabfedkda zkpk fi sfctap Oavpbft zkpk

ik fikàpkclóe df dlwfpsas tlzas df

zastpfs%

Dlszael`lildkd 66:: wksas) zpadvcclóe bfesvki

?%3 Cabzftfeclk

Fe ias FF%VV%) kzpaxlbkdkbfetf ; bli bliiaefs df il`pks df gpvtk zkpk

vetkp (bfpbfikdks) mkifks) gpvtks zkpk vetkp) bfpbfikdks câtplcks)

bketf{vliiks df gpvtks | blfi,) sf zpadvcfe kevkibfetf%

Blfetpks {vf iks mkifks | bfpbfikdks) wlfefe fe dacfeks df skàpfs |

wkplfdkdfs) dfsdf fi elwfi df mkifk df vwk k ik bës fxótlck bfpbfikdk

df chacaiktf) evfwf skàpfs pfzpfsfetke bës dfi 8: zap clfeta df ik

zpadvcclóe tatki df FF%VV% Ias bës zazvikpfs sae ik mkifk df bkeoa |bfpbfikdk df gpfsk% Fiias sae sfovldas zap ik bfpbfikdk df

gpkb`vfsk df caiap pama) bfpbfikdk df ekpkemk) bfpbfikdk df

bke}kek) bfpbfikdk df ki`kplca{vf) bfpbfikdk df bfiacatóe |

bfpbfikdk df bapk) fe fsf apdfe% Kdlclaekibfetf veas 08 skàpfs

sae cabýebfetf zpadvcldas {vf cvfetke cae bfeas dfi 0: zap clfeta

df ik zpadvcclóe tatki%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 67




Fstas zpadvctas fe gpkscas kctvkibfetf pfzpfsfetke fi 34& dfi tatki

df wfetks fe ik cktfoapâk ofefpki df zpadvctas vetkìfs df gpvtks

(bfpbfikdks) mkifks) gpvtks zkpk vetkp) bfpbfikdks câtplcks,% Iks

bfpbfikdks cabzaefe fi 00& df iks wfetks | iks mkifks cae vek wfetk

cfpck dfi 0;&% Iks gpvtks zkpk vetkp kckzkpke fi ;?& df iks wfetks) |

iks bfpbfikdks câtplcks cabzaefe fi pfsta df ik cktfoapâk cae 6)4& df

iks wfetks% Iks wfetks kevkifs ki zap bfeap df bfpbfikdks) mkifks)

gpvtks zkpk vetkp sae kzpaxlbkdkbfetf $ 730 bliiaefs%

Ias caesvbldapfs {vf pfovikpbfetf cabzpke bfpbfikdk | mkifk

tlfedfe k cabzpkp das skàpfs zkpk tfefp fe cksk% Kdfbës) fe fi

haokp) ias kdvitas | ias elûas cabfe ias zpadvctas cae ik blsbkgpfcvfeclk%

?%3%; Zpfclas df pfgfpfeclk (VS$,

D“kpà Pasf Kzplcat Zpfsfpwf

;7a} Nashfp

VS$6%<0

Bfdltfppkefke Apokelc

Apokelc Apkeof

Bkpbkikdf ! ;3 a} Fkch

MMD OPAVZ SKC 6?




VS$7%;<

Zfkch Zpfsfpwf

< a}% Ilnf `ltleo leta k gpfsh mvlc|

Zfkch

VS$6%:6

Phv`kp` Stpk`fpp| mkb

;:a}

VS$6%;6

Neatt/s @fpp| Gkpb Mfii|) PfdCvppket

7 Zkcn ag ;:a}

VS$0;%:3

Giapldk Apkeof Bkpbkikdf

Zkcnfd le k 4%6a} mkp bfksvpleo

VS$3%<6

MMD OPAVZ SKC 68




Apokelc Chfpp| Mkb

8a}) 00? opkbs

VS$7%::

Sffdifss Pksz`fpp| Mkb

;0%6as

VS$?%6:

?%4 Bktpl} df Kesagg

Caba sf kzpfclk fe fi cvkdpa easatpas tfefbas dlwfpsas fscfekplas fe

ias cvkifs eas fecaetpkpâkbas fe ve babfeta X% Ik Bktpl} Kesagg

zfpbltf ldfetlglckpeas df vek bkefpk fgfctlwk | zpfclsk%

Zkpk evfstpa cksa easatpas eas ldfetlglckbas | zaslclaekbas fe fi

zveta ’Ike}kblfeta df evfwas zpadvctas‒%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 6<




Ik pfszvfstk sf df`f k {vf easatpas fstkbas dlploldas k ve bfpckda

kctvki (Blkbl daetae, fe fi {vf fi caesvba df bfpbfikdk fs

gpfcvfetf (catldlkea, | fe fi {vf fxlstfe zpadvctas cae dlgfpfetfs

skàpfs |k agpfcldas) easatpas wkbas k leopfskp k fstf bfpckda cae ve

zpadvcta evfwa fe skàp fi cvki wk sfp df Vwk) fe caecivslóe sfpë ve

zpadvcta evfwa fe ve bfpckda kctvki%

K caetlevkclóe dftkiikpfbas ias zvetas fe ias cvkifs eas fegackpfbas

zkpk fi dfskppaiia df fstk bktpl}=

?%4%; Dfskppaiia df evfwas wkiapfs dfi zpadvcta

Badlglckclaefs

Fetpkpfbas ki bfpckda cae ve badfia df fewksf dlgfpfetf

(wldpla cae ve dlsfûa kektóblca,) cvbzilfeda cikpa cae ias elwfifs

df ckildkd fstëedkp {vf sf pf{vlfpfe zkpk ik cabfpclkil}kclóe cae gle

df caesvba%

Atpa zveta k caesldfpkp k{vâ fs {vf evfstpa skàp (vwk, fs vek

wfetkmk df`lda k {vf ea fxlstf fe fi bfpckda kctvki zfpa caba gpvtkfs `kstketf caesvblda ia cvki ofefpk zfpszfctlwks k tpkwìs df ik

leeawkclóe fi iâefk df zpadvcta%

Kbzilkclaefs

Df`lda k iks opkedfs cvkildkdfs {vf zfpcl`f ik fsfeclk dfi

zpadvcta) {vf fs ik vwk) tlfef `fefglclas zkpk vek bfmap ckildkd df

wldk | vek kilbfetkclóe skek%

Zpfsfetkclóe

Evfstpa fewksf cvbzif cae ias fstëedkpfs | cfptlglckclaefs kztks

zkpk fi caesvba df sv caetfelda) dftkiik tadk ik legapbkclóe

pf{vfpldk zkpk ik tpkeszkpfeclk | kccfsa k fiik zap zkptf df evfstpas

cilfetfs glekifs (legapbkclóe evtplclaeki) ktfeclóe ki caesvbldap)

caetfelda efta) ik fbzpfsk zpadvctapk) dlstpl`vldapk) ftc%,) evfstpa

MMD OPAVZ SKC 7:




iaoatlza kcabzkûkda df ik Bkpck Zfpý sfpë ve zivs {vf

kzpawfchkpfbas%

Fi códloa df `kppks cv|k gveclóe fs bv| lbzaptketf zkpk

dfbastpkp ik ifoltlbldkd dfi zpadvcta | df sv fikàpkclóe) ìstk fs

pf{vfpldk k elwfi letfpekclaeki df`lda k {vf k{vâ sf zvfdf fecaetpkp

tadk ik legapbkclóe efcfskplk zkpk zadfp ldfetlglckp k ias

pfszaeskìfs df dlcha zpadvcta%

?%4%0 Dfskppaiia df dlgfpfeclk df ckildkd (evfwks okbks,

Fmfpcfpfbas fstf zveta k tpkwìs df ik leeawkclóe) ki lesfptkp fe

fi bfpckda vek evfwk wkplfdkd fe skàp df bfpbfikdk fe fi

bfpckda df Blkbl Daetae

?%4%3 Dfskppaiia df evfwas badfias |!a tkbkûas

Fstf zveta tfefbas ziketfkda fmfpcfpia k zkptlp df ve tlfbza

dftfpblekda fe fi cvki evfstpa zpadvcta fstpfiik |k fstì zaslclaekda

| zvfdk tfefp fi pfszkida zkpk ksfovpkp {vf svs evfwks

zpfsfetkclaefs fe ia {vf k tkbkûa pfglfpf sfpëe `fefglclasks | {vfdfbvfstpf saildf} fe cvketa k elwfi df wfetks fstlbkdks) |k {vf ias

elwfifs df caesvba df evfstpa tkpoft ea slfbzpf svfif sfp fi

blsba) fsta wkpâk df kcvfpda kik cketldkd df hk`ltketfs fe fi haokp

zap fmfbzia% Iks zpfsfetkclaefs {vf tfefbas zpa|fctkdks sae fe

cketldkdfs df 6:: op | ; no iks cvkifs sfpëe zpabaclaekdks df

bkefpk slblikp k ik dfi zpadvcta fstpfiik%

?%6 Bkpnftleo BLX

?%6%; Zpfcla

Vea df ias gkctapfs {vf pfgifmkpk tada fi caemveta df kszfctas

ckpkctfpâstlcks kctlwldkdfs gvfpk dfi zpacfsa zpadvctlwa | zkpk zadfp

sk`fp cae bk|ap fxkctltvd ik zaslclóe df evfstpa zpadvcta pfszfcta ki

fetapea fs {vf hkcfbas vsa df vek hfppkblfetk caeacldk caba

`fechbkpnleo {vf ea fs bks {vf pfkil}kp fi fstvdla df ik cabzftfeclk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 7;




zkpk kzpawfchkp sv zvetas `kmas | bfmapkp ias bfeclaekdas zkpk ksâ

iifokp ki bfpckda cae pk}aefs {vf svstfetfe sv zfpbkefeclk fe fi

blsba%

Fe fstf cvkdpa fegackbas k ve opvza zatfeclki df cabzftldapfs caeslbliltvdfs | cae gkctapfs {vf zkpk easatpas sae df pfifwkeclk tfefp fe

cvfetk zkpk ik cappfctk fwkivkclóe df ias blsbas%

(Dfszvìs dfi cvkdpa zpfsfetf hkcfp iks caecivslaefs cae fi gle df

iaopkp ve zaslclaekblfeta óztlba sa`pf evfstpa bfpckda a`mftlwa,

Zkpk iaopkp ve zaslclaekblfeta cae bk|ap fglckclk cabfpclkil}kpfbas

bfdlketf ve dlstpl vldap (tpkdfp, {vf sl `lfe fs clfpta tfedpë velecpfbfeta df zpfcla fe evfstpa zpadvcta cae pfszfcta ki zpfcla gleki

{vf iifokpk ki caesvbldap gleki df`lda k sv bkpofe df okekeclk%

Fiia sf mvstlglckpk cae ias bawlblfetas df ik azfpkclóe {vf sae df vek

bk|ap bkoeltvd fe cvketa k cketldkdfs sf tpktk | zap fedf df vek

bk|ap cketldkd baeftkplk | df`lda k {vf eas khappkpfbas fi casta df

zvìlcldkd zkpk zadfp glitpkpeas fe fi bfpckda fsf bkpofe fs fi {vf

zadfbas pfdvclp evfstpas castas fi cvki cabzfeskpk fi zpfcla gleki |

sfpë vea {vf zvfdk cabzftlp | sfp bv| sailda fe fsf sfetlda opkclks k

evfstpk gifxl`lildkd df castas%

?%6%0 Zik}k

Evfstpa zike fs zadfp leopfskp ki bfpckda fstkdaveldfesf)

sltvëedaeas fe Blkbl (Blkbl Daetae, tfelfeda caba zik}k ias

hatfifs) svzfpbfpckdas) pfstkvpkets oavpbft) cksks ektvplstks k

tpkwìs df ve Tpkdfp {vf eas gkcliltkpk ik kctlwldkd df dlstpl`vclóe)

{vlfe sfpë evfstpa zplbfp cilfetf%

Zkpk {vf fsta sf gkcliltf easatpas tfedpfbas ik azclóe df kcvdlp k

fetldkdfs {vf zpabvfwke | gkcliltfe fstf tlza df zpacfsas ki

`pledkpeas cfptlglckdas {vf okpketlcfs ik ckildkd df evfstpa zpadvcta |

zkpk leopfskp df bkefpk fgfctlwk ki tkpoft%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 70




Tki fetldkd fs ZPAWLD ik cvki tlfef bvcha tlfbza fmfpclfeda fstk

zpkctlck df bkefpk fgfctlwk%

Dlchk fetldkd zpabvfwf fi cabfpcla df ik vwk | tadas svs dfplwkdas

{vf sf zvfdfe ofefpkp caba fs fi cksa df ik bfpbfikdk%

?%6%3 Dlstpl`vclóe

Df`lda k {vf easatpas cabfpclkil}kpfbas cae fi Tpkdfp sloelglck {vf

evfstpk ckzkcldkd df fetpfok sf ilbltk k ik efoaclkclóe | zap fedf

evfstpk pfszaesk`lildkd tfpblek fe fi tìpblea fe fi {vf kcapdfbas)

Fi tpkeszaptf zpleclzki cae fi {vf sf tpk`kmkpk sfpë wâk bkpâtlbk

(Ckiika" Blkbl,) fi tpkeszaptf tlfef vek dvpkclóe df ;3 dâks kzpax%

Bfdlketf vek fwkivkclóe hfbas dftfpblekda | caesvitkda cae evfstpa

cilfetf dlpfcta {vf fi Lecatfpbs k vskp sfpë fi tfpblea GA@

Vek df iks pk}aefs zap ik cvki aztkbas zap efoaclkp cae fi Tpkdfp sf

df`f k ik opke bkoeltvd df waivbfe fe cvketa k veldkdfs | zap fedf

k`kpck vek bk|ap cketldkd baeftkplk fe vek saik tpkeskcclóe

\ fi hfcha df efoaclkp dlpfctkbfetf cae ias svzfpbfpckdas) hatfifs |

pfstkvpketfs fe ve lelcla fs bks tfdlasa fe cvketa k tìpbleas df

fetpfok waiýbfefs) fsta sf df`f k {vf ea sabas vek fbzpfsk

zaslclaekdk fe fi bfpckda a`mftlwa

?%6%4 Zpabaclóe

Df lda k {vf evfstpa cilfetf fs fi Tpkdfp k fstf ia lecfetlwkpfbasbfdlketf ik pfdvcclóe dfi zpfcla cae ik cvkildkd {vf sf tlfef {vf

cvbzilp cae ik cketldkd df zfdldas |k zkctkdas%

Ia cvki kbfetkpk ik cketldkd df veldkdfs k cabfpclkil}kp%

K zkptf if `pledkpfbas azclaefs df cpìdlta cae pfszfcta ki zkoa fsta

cikpa dfszvìs df hk`fp fmfpclda ve tlfbza pk}aekìf df cabfpcla

fetpf kbàs) cikpa fstk {vf ea dfmkpfbas df wlsvkil}kp | zpfwfelp ias

plfsoas {vf fstas ledlcke%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 73




Fe iks zpabaclaefs fstëe iks agfptks) àeas (zkpk fi dlstpl`vldap, {vf

lecfetlwkpke k fiias k cabfpclkil}kp evfstpa zpadvcta df`lda k i

lecpfbfeta fe sv bkpofe df vtlildkd | ksâ sf zplapl}kpk ik

cabfpclkil}kclóe df evfstpa zpadvcta%

Tkb`lìe eas kza|kpfbas k iks fetldkdfs {vf zpabvfwfe fi cabfpcla

fxtfplap k tpkwìs df svs zpa|fctas df lecfetlwas k ik fxzaptkclóe%

Fstkpfbas zpfsfetfs fe tadks fe iks gfplks | fwfetas zaslìfs {vf sfke

df letfpìs zkpk easatpas%

?%6%6 Zvìlcldkd

Fs fi bfdla zap fi cvki easatpas iaopkpfbas zfpsvkdlp) lecfetlwkp |

fbzvmkp k evfstpa bfpckda a`mftlwa) fetpf fiiks tfefbas%

F"cabbfpcf%" fs vek hfppkblfetk {vf kh fwaivclaekda tketa fe ias

ýitlbas kûas ksâ caba fi hë`lta df cabzpk df ias caesvbldapfs%

Fe fi bfpckda a`mftlwa ki cvki kzvetkbas fecaetpkbas hfppkblfetks

`lfe zaslclaekdks fglclfetfs | fgfctlwks | ia bfmap fs {vf sae df `kma

casta | df gëcli kccfsa tkifs sae iks zëoleks f` | iks pfdfs saclkifs k

caetlevkclóe=

Tlttfp

Gkcfàan

Fstks pfdfs saclkifs hke dfbastpkda vek fwaivclóe | zaslclaekblfeta

fe tada FFVV | fe bvchas zkâsfs fe Zfpý fi bës zaslclaekda fsGkcfàan blfetpks {vf fe fi pfsta df zkâsfs zkpk sfp bës fszfcâglcas

fe FFVV fi Tlttfp%

K tpkwìs df fstas zpabawfpfbas | wlecvikpfbas k evfstpa bfpckda) k

{vf leopfsfe k evfstpk zkolek f` fe ik cvki dftkiikpfbas evfstpk

legapbkclóe dfi zpadvcta | df ik fbzpfsk) zpfcla | dkpif tadk ik

kccfsl`lildkd zaslìf zkpk {vf fiias zvfdke tfefp cabvelckclóe | vek

gëcli kd{vlslclóe df evfstpa zpadvcta

MMD OPAVZ SKC 74




Atpk hfppkblfetk fifctpóelck lbzaptketfs | zap ik cvki bvchas sf dke

k caeacfp fs ’KIL@K@K‒ df`lda ki tpkeslta df ik ofetf dfi fetapea

cabfpclki) {vf kedk fe `vsck df efoaclkp | hkcfp cabfpcla | fe ik {vf

tfefbas kccfsa k ve casta cksl%

Fe cvketa k iks gfplks letfpekclaekifs sae df kitk lbzaptkeclk df`lda k

{vf fi tlza df efoaclas {vf sf fecvfetpke khâ caeacfe dfi pv`pa

cabfpclki | zadfbas kzpfedfp bvcha df fiias | sv fxzfplfeclk)

K{vâ sf fecvfetpke tketa cilfetfs caba zpawffdapfs ksâ {vf iks

azclaefs sae bvitliktfpkifs ea hk| azclóe k ea skckp zpawfcha k vek

ackslóe caba ik {vf sf zpfsfetke fe fstf tlza df fwfetas df`lda k ik

opke okbk df zasl`lildkdfs df cabfpclkil}kclóe {vf sf kzfptvpk cae

vek df fstks gfplks fszfclkil}kdks%

Caba pfgfpfeclk tfefbas kioveas df fstas fwfetas%

Fwfeta= svzzi| sldf gkst

Ivokp Giapldk

\ tkb`lìe k iks {vf zadfbas kccfdfp zap letfpbfdla df iks fetldkdfs

dfi fstkda {vf gkcliltke fi kccfsa k iks slovlfetfs=

Zbk FFVV

_letfp Gkec|gaad

Fstks gfplks sae zpabawldks zap Zpab Zfpý

Fe Zfpý tkb`lìe tfefbas gfplks k ik cvki sf k`pfe zasl`lildkdfs df

cabfpclkil}kp ki fxtfplap

?%7 Fstpktfolk df zast wfetk

Zkpk caesaildkp ias ik}as cabfpclkifs cae evfstpa cilfetf (Tpkdfp, if

agpfcfbas bfmapkpif fi sfpwlcla k tpkwìs df ik zast wfetk pfglplìedaeas

fe ias cksas {vf sf zpfsfetf kiovek dlscaegapbldkd fe ik azfpkclóe

cabfpclki (bfpckecâk dkûkdk fe fi tpkeslta dfi tpkeszaptf zpleclzki fe

MMD OPAVZ SKC 76




fstf cksa bkpâtlba, fe cvketa k ik ckildkd dfi zpadvcta) zkpk fsta if

ziketfkpfbas kzilckp fi dfscvfeta df ve zapcfetkmf dftfpblekda {vf

sf ziketfk efoaclkp | sf zkctk ketfs df ik cabfpclkil}kclóe zkpk lp

kzilcëedaif fstf dfscvfeta fe ckdk fmfpclcla df bkefpk caestketf

(dfscvfetas zkpclkifs fe iks azfpkclaefs,%

Kb`ks zkptfs ksvblpëe ik pfszaesk`lildkd cvkeda sf zpfsfetfe fstks%

K tpkwìs df evfstpks hfppkblfetks {vf dftkiike evfstpk legapbkclóe

wâk ae"ilef fe ik cvki if dkpfbas azaptveldkd df cabvelckpsf cae

easatpas zkpk hkcfpeas sk`fp svs dvdks {vfmks | ksâ zadfp tfefp fe

caeaclblfeta sa`pf evfstpa bfpckda | df ias ckb`las {vf sf zvfdfe

dkp cae pfszfcta k svs zpfgfpfeclks df sfp ksâ zpfwfpeas | ketlclzkpeas

k gvtvpas ckb las kzpawfchkeda ik ckzkcldkd df pfszvfstk {vf

zasffbas%

?%? Fstpktfolk df zaslclaekblfeta

Fstf zveta {vf eas zfpbltlpë zpabaclaekp evfstpa zpadvcta

ldfetlglckeda k evfstpa lesvba caba ve zpadvcta aplveda dfi Zfpý sfpë

vtlil}kp ik hfppkblfetk {vf zpabvfwf fi fstkda iikbkdk ’bkpck Zfpý‒

ik cvki fstk a`tfelfeda ve pfcaeaclblfeta fe opke zkptf dfi bfpckda

oia`ki

Opkclks k fiia eas glitpkpfbas df bkefpk fglclfetf |k {vf fe evfstpa

bfpckda sf fecvfetpk ofetf hlszkek | zap fedf tfefbas k{vâ ve opke

sfctap {vf tlfef ik ckpkctfpâstlck df sfp bfpckda svìlbleki ik cvki fstk

fxzvfstk k zadfp kzilckp tadks iks hfppkblfetks cappfszaedlfetfs k vebfpckda df fstf tlza df`lda k {vf fstas tlfef vek fxzfctktlwk zap ias

zpadvctas {vf fiias cpffe tlfefe lbzaptkeclk fe `ksf k sv

ldfetlglckclóe df aplofe%

Sf iaopk cae ckpkctfpâstlcks caba aplofe df zkâs) ldlabk)

zpfsfetkclaefs slblikpfs%

Atpa gkctap fs ik cpfclfetf dfbkedk caesldfpkìf {vf hk tfelda ik vwkcaba zpadvcta) kzpawfchkeda fsta | opkclks ki zfpgli {vf tfefbas df

MMD OPAVZ SKC 77




fstas caesvbldapfs (fi hfcha df fstkp dlszvfstas k zpa`kp evfwks

wkplfdkdfs | ketfzaefp fi wkiap {vf fiias zfpcl`fe dfi zpadvcta caetpk

fi zpfcla cae fi {vf cvfetk fstf zpadvcta) fiias `vscke sktlsgkcfp

efcfsldkd | easatpas svzfpkp svs fxzfctktlwks%

Kzpawfchkp ik ckzkcldkd fxzaptkìf zkpk zadfp sktlsgkcfp lecpfbfetas

gvtvpas df ik dfbkedk | ofefpkp ksâ caeglke}k cae evfstpas cilfetfs ki

cvbzilp cae ias tlfbzas df fetpfok | ckildkd {vf eas ckpkctfpl}k%

@vsckp fi zaslclaekblfeta k tpkwìs dfi F"cabbfpcf agpfclìedaifs k

evfstpas cilfetfs vek bkefpk sfovpk | fglclfetf fe tlfbza zkpk ik

kd{vlslclóe df evfstpas zpadvctas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 7?




CKZLTVIA LLL

8% ZPACFSA IAOÂSTLCA

Fe fstf zveta easatpas hfbas hfcha vek ckdfek df svblelstpa df

evfstpa zpacfsa dfsdf fi zveta df lelcla dfi zpawffdap hkstk fi zveta

gleki fetlìedksf fsa ki zveta fe fi {vf evfstpa Tpkdfp caecpftk sv

wfetk k svs zvetas fszfcâglcas (svzfpbfpckdas) hatfifs) pfstkvpkets)

ftc%, | fstas k ias caesvbldapfs glekifs%

Zkpk fiia hfbas dfskppaiikda ve Svzzi| chkle bkekofbfet (SCB, ) cae

fstk hfppkblfetk easatpas ldfetlglckpfbas iks kctlwldkdfs zplbkplks |

sfcvedkplks dfetpa dfi zpacfsa) ik {vf eas k|vdkpk k dkpeas ve

fega{vf df tadks iks kctlwldkdfs {vf sf dkpëe | k sk`fp caetpaikpiks

fglclfetfbfetf) | zap fedf easatpas tkb lìe caeacfpfbas iks

kctlwldkdfs {vf tfedpëe pfszaesk`lildkd zap zkptf df evfstpas

zpawffdapfs | iks kctlwldkdfs {vf tlfefe {vf dablekp evfstpa cilfetf%

Tkb`lìe fs efcfskpla tfefp fi caetpai df ias tlfbzas fe ckdk zpacfsa>zkpk zadfp sk`fp {vf tke sóildas fstkbas fe ckdk zveta) |k {vf

easatpas ldfetlglckpfbas ik dvpkclóe dfi clcia dfi efoacla (dfsdf

evfstpas zpawffdapfs hkstk fi cilfetf df evfstpa cilfetf,

Sk`fp cvëeta tlfbza eas tabk cviblekp ve clcia) eas k|vdkpk k fwltkp

gvtvpas lbzpfwlstas caba=

Zadfp df k`kstfclblfeta dfglclfetf)

Bfdlp tlfbzas fe `ksf k plfsoas df fstkclaekildkd)

Bfdlp evfstpk ckzkcldkd df pfszvfstk |

Tfefp fi caetpai zkpk ik tabk df dfclslaefs fe `ksf k ik cabzftfeclk

( fe fi cksa {vf fecaetpfbas vek cabzftfeclk cv|a tlfbza df

k`kstfclblfeta | ckzkcldkd df pfszvfstk sfk bfeap,

MMD OPAVZ SKC 78




K caetlevkclóe bastpkpfbas iks kctlwldkdfs k pfkil}kpsf | ik zkptf k

{vf if cappfszaedf cvbzilp cae dlchk kctlwldkd%

8%; Zpawffdap df vwk=

Caetkbas cae ias slovlfetfs vek okbk df zpawffdapfs df vwk df Lck

(3,) tfelfeda caba zpleclzki zpawffdap k Capzapkclóe Kopa iktlek SKC)

tkb`lìe caetkpfbas cae ve zpadvctap df vwk df Zlvpk) zap zpfckvclóe

k cvki{vlfp dfskstpf a lecaewfelfetf {vf zvfdk acvpplp fe ik cvldkd df

Lck%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 7<




Capzapkclóe Kopa iktlek SKC

PVC 0:;?7??:4?4

AGLCLEK Kw% Mkwlfp Zpkda Fstf 6406 Ik Bailek Ilbk

GVEDAS Zkekbfplckek Svp Nb% 087%6 – Zkbzks df Wliik cvpâ

Skiks df Ovkdkivzf"Lck

TFIFGAEA (6;;, 368 – 8844

ZKOLEK _F@ %capzkopaiktlek%cab

Gveda Ske Blovfi SK

PVC 0:46073:887

AGLCLEK Ckiif Ske Bkptle 3?: Blpkgiapfs " ilbk

GVEDAS Kw% Ias Il`fptkdapfs EPA% ;6;: LCK " Zlsca " Zlsca

TFIFGAEA (6;;, 04;"88<<

ZKOLEK _F@ %gvedaskeblovfi%cab

Kopâcaik Kedpfk SK

PVC 0:6:6788<:3

AGLCLEK Z[% Kigpfda Bkidaekda EPA% ;46 VP@% Ik Kpf{vlzfûk

ILBK " Ilbk " Zvfìa Il`pf (Bkodkifek Wlfmk,

GVEDAS CKP% Zkekbfplckek Svp NB% 074 GED% Wkifplf Lck Lck

Skiks

TFIFGAEA (6;;, 0:;"63::

Ekwkppa Gpvlts SKC

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?:




PVC 0:6;6:<;883

AGLCLEK KW% Cae{vlstkdapfs EPA% 6<;K DZTA% 3:; Ilbk " Ilbk

" Ske Lsldpa

GVEDAS PC ;:334< EPA% S!E GED% T"3;"?";0 Zlvpk Sviikek

TFIFGAEA (6;;, 04;"88<<

ZKOLEK _F@ %ekwkppagpvlts%cab%zf

Zpacfsa zpfwla k ik zpadvcclóe=

8%0 Cvitlwa

Ik slfb pk df ik ziketk df vwk tkb`lìe caeacldk caba wld a zkppk)

cv|a eab`pf clfetâglca fs Wltls wlelgfpk) sf pfkil}k fe wkplks }aeks dfi

Zfpý) fstk ziketk sf dfskppaiik bfmap fe ivokpfs {vf zpfsfetke cilbks

tfbzikdas | bfdltfppëefas%

Iks caedlclaefs cilbëtlcks ldfkifs zkpk ik slfb`pk df fstk ziketk sae

k{vfiiks fe daedf ik tfbzfpktvpk asclik fetpf ias ;8 | 3: opkdas

Cfislvs) ik vwk ea zpfsfetk bvchas pf{vfplblfetas fe cvketa ki tlza df

svfia) |k {vf cpfcf fe ik bk|apâk df fiias% Fs pfcabfedkìf {vf fstas

sf fecvfetpfe svfitas (ea cabzkctkdas, | {vf zasfke ve `vfe

dpfekmf%

8%3 Casfchk

Ik vwk sf pfcaof captkeda k bkea pkclba k pkclba) tpktkeda df

hkcfpia fe hapks gpfsck) iks zplbfpks df ik bkûkek a tkb`lìe ki

ktkpdfcfp% Ias pkclbas sf sfifcclaeke | sf captke) ea slfeda eveck

kppkeckdas% Cvldkdaskbfetf) sf caiacke fe ckekstas zkpk sv

tpkeszaptf%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?;

http://www.plantasparacurar.com/categoria/plantas-medicinales/002-plantas-medicinales-por-nombre-cientifico/vitis-vinifera/

http://www.plantasparacurar.com/categoria/plantas-medicinales/002-plantas-medicinales-por-nombre-cientifico/vitis-vinifera/




8%4 Sfifcclóe | Cabzpk df bktfplk zplbk

Fe fstk azfpkclóe sf filbleke k{vfiiks gpvtks fe fstkda df zadpfdvb`pf% Fi

gpvta pfcaifctkda df`f sfp sabftlda k ve zpacfsa df sfifcclóe) |k {vf ik

ckildkd df ik bfpbfikdk dfzfedfpë df ik gpvtk) | ksâ a`tfefp vek `vfekcabzpk df bktfplk zplbk%

8%6 Tpkeszaptf df bktfplk zplbk= hkstk ik ziketk df ik fbzpfsk

zpacfskdapk ( K"; DFI ZFPV LEDVSTPLKI \ CABFPCLKI S%K%C%,

Fi tpkeszaptf letfpea df ik bktfplk zplbk (vwk,) hkstk ik ziketk df ik

fbzpfsk {vf eas zpfstkpk fi sfpwlcla df zpadvcclóe df bfpbfikdk)

sfpë ve sfpwlcla tfpcfpl}kda zap zkptf df ik fbzpfsk Tpkeszaptfs |Sfpwlclas Zkek SKC) slfeda ik pvtk Lck – Ilbk cae vek dvpkclóe df wlkmf

df ;: hapks kzpaxlbkdkbfetf leciv|feda ik ckpok df ik bfpckecâk,%

Cikpa fstk {vf fstk fbzpfsk eas `pledkpk ik sfovpldkd fe cvketa k

plfsoas dfi tpkszaptf f lecldfeclks {vf zvfdfe pftpkskp fstk kctlwldkd

caba ia sae=

Kskitas

Kccldfetfs

Bki fstkda df ckppftfpks a dlglcvitkd zkpk iifokp ki zpawffdap

Hvfioks zap ik zaìkclóe dfi sfctap

Fifwkda casta df cab`vstlìf

8%7 Pfcfzclóe | zpacfsa zpadvctlwa df bfpbfikdk ( K"; DFI

ZFPV LEDVSTPLKI \ CABFPCLKI S%K%C%,

Ik vwk sfpë fetpfokdk fe ik ziketk df ik fbzpfsk K"; Dfi Zfpý

Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki SKC v lckdk fe Sketlkoa df Svpca vek wf}

pfcfzclaekdk f leszfcclaekdk sf feckpokpke df ik kctlwldkd df

zpacfskp | tpkesgapbkp fi lesvba kd{vlplda zkpk ik fikàpkclóe df

evfstpa zpadvcta (bfpbfikdk,%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?0




\k {vf fstf zpacfsa bv| lbzaptketf) zap ik ckildkd) skàp | tlfbza df

fetpfok) wkbas k tabkp iks slovlfetfs zpfckvclaefs svscpltks fe fi

caetpkta=

Tfedpfbas ve zfpsaeki feckpokda df wfplglckp ias zpacfsas {vf

sf iifwke k ckà) fstk zfpsaek feckpokdk sf fecaetpkpk dfetpa df

iks lestkikclaefs df ik fbzpfsk K"; Dfi Zfpý Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki

SKC%

Ias tlfbzas df fetpfok sfpëe `kstketf fstplctas) fstf zveta

fstkpë dftkiikdkbfetf fstlzvikda fe fi caetpkta%

Ik cabvelckclóe sf dkpë bkefpk fglck} fetkeda ki tketa zksa

zap zksa dfi zpacfsa df zpadvcclóe%

Sf ovkpdkpk tatki dlscpfclóe fe ia {vf pfglfpf k ik bkefpk df

fikàpkp evfstpa zpadvcta) ias zpfclas cae ias {vf tpk`kmkbas) | tada

ia {vf ksfbfmf ik k zpadvcclóe%

Zpacfsa df fikàpkclóe

K caetlevkclóe zpfsfetkbas fi zpacfsa df zpadvcclóe df bfpbfikdk

zap zkptf df ik fbzpfsk K"; Dfi Zfpý Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki SKC%

Zfskda

Fs lbzaptketf zkpk dftfpblekp pfedlblfetas | ckicvikp ik cketldkd df

ias atpas leopfdlfetfs {vf sf kûkdlpëe zastfplapbfetf%

Ikwkda

Sf pfkil}k cae ik glekildkd df filblekp cvki{vlfp tlza df zkptâcviks

fxtpkûks) svclfdkd | pfstas df tlfppk {vf zvfdk fstkp kdhfpldk k ik

gpvtk% Fstk azfpkclóe sf zvfdf pfkil}kp zap lebfpslóe) koltkclóe a

kszfpslóe% Vek wf} ikwkdk ik gpvtk sf pfcablfedk fi vsa df vek

saivclóe dfslegfctketf% Fi tlfbza df lebfpslóe fe fstks saivclaefs

dfslegfctketfs ea df`f sfp bfeap k ;6 blevtas% Glekibfetf ik gpvtk df`fpë

sfp femvkokdk cae k`vedketf kovk

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?3




Zfikda

Fi zfikda sf zvfdf hkcfp fe gapbk bkevki) fbzifkeda cvchliias) a fe

gapbk bfcëelck cae bë{vleks% Fe fi zfikda bfcëelca sf filblek ik

cësckpk) fi capk}óe df ik gpvtk | sl sf dfsfk sf captk fe tkmkdks)

slfbzpf dfzfedlfeda dfi tlza df gpvtk

Zvizfkda

Caeslstf fe a`tfefp ik zvizk a mvoa) il`pfs df cësckpks | zfzks% Fstk

azfpkclóe sf pfkil}k k elwfi ledvstplki fe zvizfkdapks% Fs lbzaptketf

{vf fe fstk zkptf sf zfsf ik zvizk |k {vf df fiia wk k dfzfedfp fi

cëicvia dfi pfsta df lesvbas

Zpf cacclóe df ik gpvtk

Ik gpvtk sf cvfcf svkwfbfetf hkstk ketfs df kûkdlp fi k}ýckp% Fstf

zpacfsa df cacclóe fs lbzaptketf zkpk pabzfp iks bfb`pkeks

cfivikpfs df ik gpvtk | fxtpkfp tadk ik zfctlek% Sl gvfpk efcfskpla sf

kûkdf kovk zkpk fwltkp {vf sf {vfbf fi zpadvcta% Ik cketldkd df kovk

k kûkdlp dfzfedfpë df ia mvoask {vf sfk ik gpvtk) df ik cketldkd df

gpvtk caiackdk | df ik gvfetf df ckiap% Cvketa bës bkdvpk sfk ik gpvtk

bfeas kovk sf zpfclsk zkpk pfìkedfcfpik | cacfpik% Ik gpvtk sf

ckifetkpë hkstk {vf cablfecf k hfpwlp% Dfszvìs sf bketfedpë ik

f`viilclóe k gvfoa ifeta cae svkwldkd hkstk {vf fi zpadvcta {vfdf

pfdvclda k zvizk%

Cacclóe

Ik cacclóe df ik bf}cik fs ik azfpkclóe {vf tlfef bk|ap lbzaptkeclk

sa`pf ik ckildkd df ik bfpbfikdk> zap ia tketa pf{vlfpf df bvchk

dfstpf}k | zpëctlck df zkptf dfi azfpkdap% Fi tlfbza df cacclóe

dfzfedf df ik wkplfdkd | tfxtvpk df ik bktfplk zplbk% Ki pfszfcta ve

tlfbza df cacclóe capta fs df o p k e l b z a p t k e c l k zkpk

caesfpwkp fi caiap | skàp ektvpki df ik gpvtk | vek fxcfslwk cacclóe

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?4




zpadvcf ve ascvpfclblfeta df ik bfpbfikdk d f ` l d a k i k

ckpkbfil}kclóe dfias k}ýckpfs%

Kdlclóe dfi k}ýckp | cëicvia df ëclda câtplca

Vek wf} {vf fi zpadvcta fstë fe zpacfsa df cacclóe | fi waivbfe sf hk|k

pfdvclda) sf zpacfdf k kûkdlp fi ëclda câtplca | ik bltkd dfi k}ýckp fe

gapbk dlpfctk% Ik cketldkd tatki df k}ýckp k kûkdlp fe ik gapbvikclóe sf

ckicvik tfelfeda fe cvfetk ik cketldkd df zvizk a`tfeldk%

Sl ik lecapzapkclóe df k}ýckp sf pfkil}k dfbkslkda zpaeta df gapbk tki

{vf ik gpvtk tfeok {vf hfpwlp dfbkslkda tlfbza) fi caiap | fi skàp df

ik bfpbfikdk sfpëe df legfplap ckildkd

Tadk gpvtk tlfef sv kcldf} ektvpki) sle fb`kpoa zkpk ik zpfzkpkclóe df

bfpbfikdks fstk kcldf} df`f sfp pfovikdk% Ik kcldf} sf bldf k tpkwìs dfi zH

fbzifkeda ve lestpvbfeta dfeablekda zH"bftpa% Ik bfpbfikdk df`f iifokp

hkstk ve zH df 3%6% Fsta okpketl}k ik caesfpwkclóe dfi zpadvcta%

Zveta df ofilglckclóe

Glekibfetf ik kdlclóe df ik zfctlek sf pfkil}k bf}ciëedaik cae fi k}ýckp {vf gkitkkûkdlp) fwltkeda df fstk bkefpk ik gapbkclóe df opvbas% Zkpk ik dftfpblekclóe

dfi zveta gleki df cacclóe sf df`fe tabkp bvfstpks zfplódlcks hkstk kicke}kpik

caecfetpkclóe cappfctk df k}ýckp | df fstk bkefpk a tfefp vek `vfek

ofilglckclóe%

Kdlclóe dfi caesfpwketf

Vek wf} kicke}kda fi zveta df ofilglckclóe) sf kopfok fi caesfpwketf%Fstf df f dlivlpsf cae vek bâelbk cketldkd df kovk% Vek wf} {vf fstì

tatkibfetf dlsvfita) sf kopfok dlpfctkbfetf k ik aiik ledvstplki% Fi zapcfetkmf

df caesfpwketf k kopfokp ea df`f fxcfdfp ki :%:6& dfi zfsa df ik bfpbfikdk

8%? Fewkskda

Sf pfkil}k fe fstkda ckilfetf k vek tfbzfpktvpk ea bfeap k ias 86ºC%

Fstk tfbzfpktvpk bfmapk ik givldf} dfi zpadvcta dvpketf fi iifekda | kik wf} zfpbltf ik gapbkclóe df ve wkcâa kdfcvkda dfetpa dfi fewksf

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?6




zap fgfcta df ik caetpkcclóe df ik bfpbfikdk vek wf} {vf hk fegplkda%

Fi iifekda sf pfkil}k hkstk fi pks dfi fewksf) sf caiack lebfdlktkbfetf

ik tkzk | sf zpacfdf k waitfkp fi fewksf cae ik glekildkd df fstfplil}kp ik

tkzk% Fe fstk zaslclóe zfpbkefcf zap fszkcla df 3 blevtas | ivfoa sf

waitfk cvldkdaskbfetf% Fi fewksf tfedpë ve sfiikda hfpbìtlca fi cvki

fstk dfbkedkda zap fi bfpckda a`mftlwa% Fstf tkb`lìe iifwkpk fi

pfszfctlwa sâbàia df pfclcikmf | fi ik tkzk ik gfchk df wfeclblfeta df

zpadvcta%

Ias fewksfs sae lbzaptkdas fsta eas gkwapfcf zkpk kcaofpeas k ik

pfstltvclóe df lbzvfstas – Dpk`kcn%

Fegplkda

Fi zpadvcta fewkskda df`f sfp fegplkda pëzldkbfetf zkpk caesfpwkp sv ckildkd |

ksfovpkp ik gapbkclóe dfi wkcâa dfetpa dfi fewksf% Ki fegplkpsf fi zpadvcta)

acvpplpë ik caetpkcclóe df ik bfpbfikdk dfetpa dfi fewksf) ia {vf wlfef k sfp ik

gapbkclóe df wkcâa) {vf wlfef k sfp fi gkctap bës lbzaptketf zkpk ik caesfpwkclóe

dfi zpadvcta% Fi fegplkda sf pfkil}k cae chappas df kovk gpâk) {vf k ik wf}%

8%8 Ftl{vftkda

Fi ftl{vftkda caestltv|f ik ftkzk gleki dfi zpacfsa df fikàpkclóe df

bfpbfikdks% Fe ik ftl{vftk sf df`f lecivlp tadk ik legapbkclóe sa`pf fi

zpadvcta fstk df`f lp fe leoiìs vtlil}keda iks veldkdfs df bfdlclóe dfi

slstfbk leoiìs (il`pks) ae}ks,% Df`f caesldfpkpsf kdfbës= Dfcikpkclóe

df ldfetldkd) eab`pf cabýe a vsvki dfi kilbfeta (ektvpkif}k dfi

zpadvcta,> Bkpck a iaoa dfi zpadvcta> Dfcikpkclóe fxkctk dfi caetfeldaefta (zfsa) waivbfe,>Eab pf | ivokp dfi fstkìfclblfeta dfi

gk`plcketf) fewkskdap a dlstpl vldap) fxzaptkdap> Zkâs df aplofe> Sl

gvfpk fikàpkda cae das a bës leopfdlfetfs) sf df`fpë dftkiikp ik ilstk

cabziftk df ias leopfdlfetfs) fevbfpkdas zap sv eab`pf cabýe a

vsvki | fe apdfe dfcpfclfetf k ik cketldkd zpfsfetf fe fi zpadvcta%

Caba tkb lìe fi códloa df `kppk) {vf sfpë gvedkbfetki zkpk fi

leopfsa df evfstpa zpadvcta fe FF%VV) ik fetldkd kvtapl}kdk k fbltlpias códloas df `kppk fe Zfpý fs OS; Zfpý%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?7




8%< Fbzk{vftkda

\k fstkeda ik bfpbfikdk fewkskdk | ftl{vftkdk sfpëe fbzk{vftkdks

fe ckmks df daìf cappvokda cae svs pfszfctlwas sâbàias zlctóplcas)ckdk ckmk caetfedpë 04 veldkdfs df gpkscas df bfpbfikdk df 06: op%

(efta,%

† Kibkcfekda

Fi zpadvcta fstkpë kibkcfekda fe ve ivokp gpfsca) ilbzla) | sfca> cae

svglclfetf wfetlikclóe zkpk okpketl}kp ik caesfpwkclóe dfi zpadvcta

fstkeda |k ilsta zkpk fetpfoëpeasik%

8%;: Cfptlglckclaefs

Atpk df iks wfetkmks {vf a`tfefbas ki tpk`kmkp cae ik fbzpfsk K"; Dfi

Zfpý Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki SKC fs {vf eas `pledkpke iks slovlfetfs

cfptlglckclaefs |!a atpas=

Iks cfptlglckclaefs df ckildkd df zpadvcclóe) bketfelfeda fstëedkpfs

fe cvketa k hlolfef) skàp) cketldkd) ftc%

Atpk df iks wfetkmks {vf a`tfefbas ki tpk`kmkp cae ik fbzpfsk K"; Dfi

Zfpý Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki SKC fs {vf ias iks fewksfs | iks tkzks cae

ias {vf tpk`kmk sae lbzaptkdas) fsta eas `fefglclk |k {vf zadpfbas

kcaofpeas ki Dpa`kcn cae ias dacvbfetas cappfszaedlfetfs ias

MMD OPAVZ SKC ??




cvkifs eas gkcliltkpke) cikpa fstk {vf zkpk kcaofpsf ki Dpa`kcn sf

efcfsltk df atpas pf{vlsltas caba zap fmfbzia= ve kûa caba bâelba

df tpk`kma fe azfpkclaefs df cabfpcla letfpekclaeki (lbzaptkclóe a

fxzaptkclóe,%

Atpa gkctap lbzaptketf {vf sf dfskppaiik dfszvìs dfi tìpblea dfi

zpadvcta fs {vf pfkil}ke tketa fi fewkskda) ftl{vftkda | fi fb`kikmf

zplbkpla%

K"; Dfi Zfpý Ledvstplki | Cabfpclki SKC fstf pfolstpkda ketf ik GDK) ia

{vf fs efcfskpla |k {vf tadks iks lestkikclaefs daedf sf gk`pl{vfe)

zpacfsfe) fewksfe a kibkcfefe kilbfetas zkpk caesvba hvbkea a

kelbki {vf sf caesvblpëe fe ias Fstkdas Veldas ia df`fe fstkp%

8%;; Veltkpl}kclóe df ik bfpckdfpâk

Zksa slovlfetf sf zpacfdfpë k pfcaofp ik bfpckecâk iifwkpik hkstk

evfstpa kibkcìe v`lckda fe ik Zkekbfplckek Svp nb 7?) fstkeda k 3:

blevtas kzpaxlbkdkbfetf df ik zpacfskdapk K"; Dfi Zfpý Ledvstplki |

Cabfpclki SKC) vek wf} khâ sf veltkpl}kpke iks ckmks) df 04 veldkdfs df

bfpbfikdk ckdk ve) fe zkplhvfik (zkiifts, zkpk fwltkp caetkcta cae fe

svfia | a`tfefp ve bfmap bkelzvifa) gapbkeda fe ik zkplhvfik < zlsas

df ;: ckmks ckdk zlsa (<: ckmks zap zkiift,) fstf sf gappkpk cae gfii zkpk

tfefp ve `vfe kmvstf | zap vitlba sf ik}kpke tlpks df svecha zkpk ve

zfpgfcta kokppf | velglckclóe%

Ik fbzpfsk {vf eas hkpë ik wfetk df iks zkplhvfiks sfpë LEDVSTPLKS

DF BKDFPKS \ KGLEFS SKETK KELTK SKC) fstk fbzpfsk fstkcfptlglckdk zap OS; Zfpý | zap SFEKSK caba ’Zpawffdap df Zkiftks

Il`pfs df Zikoks‒ |k {vf iks zkiftks zkske zap ve tpktkblfeta tìpblca)

ilstks zkpk ik fxzaptkclóe |k {vf ksâ ia fxlof fstplctkbfetf fi bfpckda

kbfplckea) ck`f kcikpkp {vf fstk fbzpfsk fe sv zpacfsa df ik

gvblokclóe tpk`kmk cae iks bfdldks df zikovlcldks {vâblcas df

kcvfpda k ia fstk ifclda sfoýe Zpatacaia df N\ATA) tpktkda

letfpekclaeki cae cabzpablsas glpbfs dlploldas k ik pfdvcclóe df ias

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?8




oksfs {vâblcas ckvsketfs dfi ckifetkblfeta oia`ki) sfoýe Pfsaivclóe

Ifolsiktlwk Eº 0?804 dfi ;: df sfztlfb`pf dfi 0::0%

8%;0 Caetkcta cae kofetf df ckpok | kdvkek zkpk ik

fxzaptkclóe

Vek wf} ilstk ik ckpok veltkpl}kdk eas zaedpfbas fe caetkcta cae

evfstpa kofetf df ckpok TKL_KE TPKDF LBZAPT SKC {vlfefs eas

ksfsapkpke fe ik caesaildkclóe df ik ckpok) fetpf atpks kctlwldkdfs) |

caba kofetf df kdvkek caetkpfbas cae TKL_KE TPKDF KDVKEK SK

(fbzpfsk gkblilk cae kofetf df ckpok, {vlfefs dfskppaiikpke ias

tpëbltfs kdvkefpas%

Ik zkptldk kpkecfikplk kik {vf sf kcaof evfstpa zpadvcta fs=

Sfcclóe LW= zpadvctas df iks ledvstplks kilbfetkplks> `f`ldks)

iâ{vldas kicahóilcas | wlekopf> tk`kca | svcfdëefas

dfi tk`kca) fikàpkdas%

Ckzltvia 0:= zpfzkpkclaefs df haptkil}ks) gpvtks v atpas a dfbës

zkptfs df ziketks%

0:%:? caegltvpks) mkifks | bfpbfikdks) zvpìs | zkstks df

gpvtks v atpas gpvtas) a`tfeldas zap cacclóe) lecivsa

cae kdlclóe df k}ýckp v atpa fdvicapketf%

0::?%<<%<;%:: caegltvpks) mkifks | bfpbfikdks%

Ias zksas zkpk ik fxzaptkclóe sae ias slovlfetfs=

Sf evbfpk ik DVK zpawlslaeki (dfcikpkclóe ýelck df kdvkek, cae

pìolbfe ’Fxzaptkclóe Dfgleltlwk A!F‒) códloa df pìolbfe 4:) | sf

fewâk fifctpóelckbfetf k ik kdvkek df dfszkcha) fe evfstpa cksa)

Kdvkek Bkpâtlbk%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ?<




Ik bfpckecâk fs leopfsk k }aek zplbkplk (dfzaslta tfbzapki"

kibkcìe,) fi kibkcìe pfcfzclaek | tpkesbltf fifctpóelckbfetf ik

legapbkclóe k ik kdvkek df dfszkcha (Bkpâtlbk, | df fecaetpkpsf

caegapbf) fi SLOKD sabftf fe gapbk kifktaplk ik ksloekclóe dfickeki df caetpai% Zvdlfeda sfp pfcaeaclblfeta gâslca (ckeki pama, a

pfcaeaclblfeta dacvbfetkpla (ckeki ekpkemk, %

Ckeki ekpkemk= sf pfkil}k vek wfplglckclóe df ias

dacvbfetas= Gkctvpk cabfpclki (Lewalcf,) caeaclblfeta df

fb`kp{vf (@I,) Ovâk df Pfblslóe (df fxzaptkdap,) Dfcikpkclóe

Mvpkdk (df fxzaptkdap, @aanleo) ftc%

Ckeki pama= Sf wfplglck) ik ektvpkif}k) wkiap) zfsa |!a

bfdldk df ik bfpckecâk% Kslblsba) sf wfplglck {vf hk|k slda

cappfctkbfetf cikslglckdk) ik zfpsaek feckpokdk dfi

pfcaeaclblfeta gâslca fs ve fszfclkilstk df kdvkek (wlstk,%

Zkskdk ik wfplglckclóe df ias ckekifs | cae DVK dlilofeclkdk) fikibkcìe zfpbltf ik bawlil}kclóe zkpk fi fb`kp{vf df iks bfpckecâks

| fi tpkeszaptlstk wfplglck fi fb`kp{vf df ik bfpckecâk% Fi zik}a

bëxlba zkpk sfp fb`kpckdks iks bfpckdfpâks fs df ;: dâks dfszvìs

df sv evbfpkclóe%

Vek wf} fevbfpkdk ik DVK zpawlslaeki) | {vf fi dfszkcha df

fb`kp{vf hkiik caecivlda) sf tlfef ve zik}a df 3: dâks ckifedkplas

zkpk fevbfpkp ik DVK cae ias dktas pfkifs cae pìolbfe

’Fxzaptkclóe Dfgleltlwk DVF‒ cae códloa df pìolbfe 4;%

8%;0%; Ik dacvbfetkclóe pf{vfpldk fs=

Gkctvpk cabfpclki (Lewalcf,

Ovâk df pfblslóe= {vf slpwf tkb`lìe caba Zknleo Ilst

Caeaclblfeta df fb`kp{vf (@I"@lii ag Ikdleo,

Cfptlglckda df aplofe MMD OPAVZ SKC 8:




Cfptlglckda skeltkpla

Fetpf {vf fi lbzaptkdap eas sailcltf

8%;3 Tpkeszaptf letfpekclaeki

Evfstpk bfpckecâk wlkmkpk caba ckpok caesaildkdk (ICI"Ifss Caetflefp

Iakd, fe ve caetfefdap df 0: zlfs) fe caemveta cae atpks bfpckdfpâks

’sfcks‒) ea efcfsltk pfgplofpkclóe |k {vf fs vek caesfpwk%

Skidpë dfi zvfpta df Ckiika) cae dfstlea ki zvfpta df Blkbl wâk

bkpâtlbk) fi wlkmf tlfef vek dvpkclóe df ;3 dâks kzpaxlbkdkbfetf%

8%;4 Zpacfsa df lbzaptkclóe fe zkâs df dfstlea

Caba zplbfp zksa zkpk fi zpacfsa df lbzaptkclóe fe Fstkdas Veldas

sf keveclk wâk cappfa fifctpóelca ias dktas dfi dfszkcha ketfs df ik

azfpkclóe) ivfoa sf zpfsfetke ias dacvbfetas fe fi zvfpta df fetpkdk

ketfs df {vf iifovf ik bfpckecâk | cvkeda kppl`k hk| {vf iifwkpik k vekibkcìe%

Ias dacvbfetas pf{vfpldas ketfs df {vf iifovf ik bfpckecâk sae=

Dacvbfeta df fetpkdk a sailcltvd | zfpblsa df fetpkdk

Zpvf`k dfi dfpfcha k leopfskp ik bfpckdfpâk

Gkctvpk cabfpclki (Lewalcf,

Ilstk df fbzk{vf

Caeaclblfeta df fb`kp{vf

Atpas dacvbfetas sfoýe pf{vfplblfeta

Ik kdvkek bvchks wfcfs ea pf{vlfpf zfpblsa zkpk lbzaptkp) zfpa atpas

apokelsbas sl ia zldfe sfoýe fi zpadvcta) fe fstf cksa ik GDK%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 8;




Ias zkzfifs df kdvkek sae zpacfskdas zap ve kofetf df kdvkek {vlfe

pfkil}k ik tpkeskcclóe df lbzaptkclóe k eab`pf dfi caesloektkpla

(Tpkdfp, df ik bfpckecâk) ik cikslglck | iifek tadk ik dacvbfetkclóe

Vek wf} eatlglckdk ik GDK fi leopfsa df kilbfetas fstk pfovik iaszpacfdlblfetas zap bfdla df=

Cazlks dvzilckdks df ias Dacvbfetas Kdvkefpas df Leopfsa (CG 347;)

CG 347; KIT) CG ?6:; a kitfpektlwa,%

Cazlk df ik gkctvpk cabfpclki | ve Dfzóslta zkpk cv`plp ias lbzvfstas

zatfeclkifs df lbzaptkclóe) lbzvfstas wkplas | bvitks%

Ik GDK pfwlsk ias Dacvbfetas df Leopfsa dfi Lbzaptkdap zkpk

dftfpblekp sl sf df`f iifwkp k ckà ve fxkbfe gâslca) ve fxkbfe fe fi

bvfiif a ve fxkbfe df bvfstpks%

Sl sf tabk ik dfclslóe df ea caifctkp vek bvfstpk) ik GDK fewâk

vek Eatk df Kvtapl}kclóe k ik Kdvkek df Fstkdas Veldas | ki

lbzaptkdap% Fi ckpokbfeta fs il`fpkda fe cvketa k ik GDK caeclfpef%

Sl sf tabk ik dfclslóe df caifctkp vek bvfstpk) ìstk fstkpë

`kskdk fe=

Ik ektvpkif}k dfi zpadvcta%

Zplapldkdfs df ik GDK%

Hlstaplk zpfwlk dfi kptâcvia cabfpclki%

Ik GDK fewâk vek Eatk df Bvfstpfa k ik Kdvkek df Fstkdas Veldas |

ki lbzaptkdap% Fi ckpokbfeta df`f sfp bketfelda letkcta hkstk evfwa

kwlsa%

Ik GDK a tlfef vek bvfstpk gâslck% Ik bvfstpk fs fewlkdk k ve

ikàpktapla df ik GDK dfi Dlstplta zkpk keëilsls= sl ik GDK fecvfetpk {vf

ik bvfstpk cvbzif cae ias pf{vlsltas) ik GDK fewâk vek Eatk df

Il`fpkclóe ki Sfpwlcla df Kdvkeks df Fstkdas Veldas | ki lbzaptkdap{vfdkeda ksâ ilstk zkpk sv dfskdvkekmf%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 80




8%;6 Tpkdfp " dlstpl`vclóe df bfpckdfpâk

Vek wf} dfskdvkekdk ik bfpckecâk fi Tpkdfp) opkclks k sv nea ha |

ckptfpk df cilfetfs) dlstpl`vlpë evfstpa zpadvcta k svzfpbfpckdas)

opacfplfs) pfstkvpkets) ftc%> fstkeda dfetpa dfi bfpckda fstkìfclda

Blkbl daetae%

8%;7 Wfetk ki caesvbldap gleki

\k dlstpl`vldk ik bfpckdfpâk fe ias zvetas ketfs bfeclaekdas) fstkpëeilstke zkpk sv cabfpclkil}kclóe gleki) df kcvfpda k ia sfobfeta

ketfplapbfetf fe evfstpk lewfstlokclóe df bfpckda%

8%;? Bfdla df zkoa

Fbzifkpfbas caba bfdla df zkoa ve ’Cpìdlta Dacvbfetkpla‒ slfeda

fstk vek badkildkd zpazlkbfetf caeglk if |k {vf evfstpa cilfetf

(Tpkdfp, sfpë {vlfe kzfptvpf ik azfpkclóe fe fi `keca df sv zkâs cae ia{vf fstkpâk aìloëedasf k fgfctvkp ve zkoa k evfstpk apdfe bfdlketf

fi `keca) fi zkoa sfpë k ’ik wlstk‒ fmfpclìedasf fi zkoa vek wf} fi

fetpfokda ias dacvbfetas | {vf hk|ke cabzpa`kda {vf calecldfe cae

ias fxloldas fe ik azfpkclóe%

Tketa k ik dacvbfetkclóe Df`f hk`fpsf kcapdkda zpfwlkbfetf fe kb`ks

zkptfs ias dacvbfetas {vf efcfsltk fi lbzaptkdap ias cvkifs tfefbas=

Gkctvpk Cabfpclki) Dacvbfeta df Tpkeszaptf (caeaclblfeta df

fb`kp{vf,) Zkcnleo Ilst Cfptlglckda df Aplofe) Cfptlglckda Skeltkpla)

atpas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 83




8%;8 Zikea df ik fbzpfsk

Aztkbas zap ve dlsfûa | kcaedlclaekblfeta df evfstpk fbzpfsk

caba sf wf fe ik lbkofe df`lda k {vf bketfedpfbas fi 7:& df fstf

caba kibkcìe zkpk evfstpas zpadvctas tfpblekdas fi cvki tlfef vek

zvfptk df leopfsa kbzilk zkpk zadfp pfkil}kp ik ckpok | dfsckpok

gëclibfetf aztlbl}keda fi zpacfsa fe tlfbzas%

Fi atpa 4:& fstë slfeda vtlil}kda zkpk iks ëpfks kdblelstpktlwks df ik

fbzpfsk) sf cvfetk cae `kûas) cabfdap | ve ëpfk df pfcfzclóe fedaedf fstkpë v`lckda fi kofetf df sfovpldkd df ik fbzpfsk%

MMD OPAVZ SKC 84




Kzilckeda ve zfpgfcta Ik| avt) a`tfelfeda fglclfeclk fe ik dlstpl`vclóe

df fszkclas caba tkb`lìe gëcli | ëoli kccfsas k fstas%

CKZLTVIA LW

<% PFCVPSAS HVBKEAS

<%; Dlsfûa df fstpvctvpk df zike fstpktìolca

Ik fstpktfolk evfstpk fbzpfsk fe pfcvpsas hvbkeas tlfef caba

zpleclzlas `ëslcas=

Dfglelp | kzilckp ik zaiâtlck df PP%HH aplfetëedaik k ik fstpktfolk

df ik fbzpfsk%

Gkwapfcfp fi dfskppaiia zfpsaeki | zpagfslaeki df ias tpk`kmkdapfs

df ik fbzpfsk%

Lbzviskp ias wkiapfs | zpleclzlas ìtlcas | cvitvpkifs df ik

fbzpfsk%

Wfikp zap fi fstplcta cvbzilblfeta df ik ifolsikclóe ikàpki | df ikeapbktlwk letfpek%

<%;%; Apokelopkbk

MMD OPAVZ SKC 86




<%;%0 Zfpgli dfi ckpoa df ckdk caikàpkdap

OFPFETF OFEFPKI

KPFK OFPFECLK OFEFPKI

SVZFPWLSK \

BKETLFEF

PFIKCLAEFS DF

CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAE

KPFK DF KDB ) KPFK DF BKPNFTLEO \

WFETKS \ FI KPFK IAOLSTLCK

A@MFTLWAS DFI

ZVFSTA

ZIKELGLCKP) APOKEL]KP) DLPLOLP \

CAETPAIKP IAS ZPACFSAS \ ZPAOPKBKS

ZKPK IK FECKBLEKDK K IK A@TFECLAE DF

PFSVITKDAS ZASLTLWAS ZKPK IK FBZPFSK

DFCLSLÓE FE IKS EFOACLKCLKCLAEFS CAE MMD OPAVZ SKC 87




IAS ZPAWFFDAPFS

CAETPAIKP \ CAAPDLEKP IKS DLSTLETKS

KCTLWLDKDFS DF IK FBZPFSK

TPK@KMKP FE IK @VSCK DF BFMAPKS FE IAS

ZPACFDLBLFETAS \ ZPACFSAS ZKPK

AZTLBL]KP IAS ELWFIFS DF IK FBZPFSK

GVECLAE OFEFPKI IIFWKP FI CAETPAI DF IKS KPFKS DF IK

FBZPFSK) KSL DF IKS KCTLWLDKDFS K

PFKIL]KP WFIKEDA [VF TADA KEDF DF

GAPBK CAPPFCTK ZKPK KICKE]KP FI

IAOPA DF A@MFTLWAS

GVECLAEFS

FSZFCÂGLCKS

ZIKETFKP FSTPKTFOLKS ZKPK KICKE]KP

IAS A@MFTLWAS

SVZFPWLSKP IKS KPFKS DF IK FBZPFSK

WFIKP ZAP FI CVBZILBLFETA DF IK WLSLAE)

BLSLAE) WKIAPFS \ IAS A@MFTLWAS [VF

TLFEF IK FBZPFSK

CPFKP F LBZVISKP VE CILBK DF @VFEKS

PFIKCLAEFS CAE FI ZFPSAEKI FE OFEFPKI

OFPFETF DF IAOLSTLCK

KPFK IAOLSTLCK

BKETLFEF

PFIKCLAEFS DF

KDBLELSTPKCLAE) BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS

MMD OPAVZ SKC 8?




CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAESVZFPWLSK ZFPSAEKI IAOLSTLCA K SV CKPOA

A@MFTLWAS IIFWKP VEK CAPPFCTK OFSTLAE DFIKIBKCFE

DFSKPPAIIKP VEK CAPPFCTK FMFCVCLAE DF

KCTLWLDKDFS DFETPA DF IK DLSTPL@VCLAE

GLSLCK LETFPEKCLAEKI

GVECLAEFS ZIKELGLCKCLAE DF IK ZPADVCCLAE TPLBFSTPKI

BFMAPKP IAS ZPACFSAS DFETPA DF IK

DLSTPL@VCLAE GLSLCK LETFPEKCLAEKI ZKPK

FI @LFEFSTKP DF IK FBZPFSK

KVTAPL]KP IAS ZKOAS K IAS ZPAWFFDAPFS

DLSFÛKP F LBZIKETKP FSTPKTFOLKS \

ZAIÂTLCKS ZKPK IK IAOÂSTLCK DFI SLSTFBK%

KZILCKP ZAIÂTLCKS SFOVPLDKD F HLOLFEF

LEDVSTPLKI ZKPK FI ZFPSAEKI \ IAS

F[VLZAS

CAAPDLEKP \ EFOACLKP CAE IAS

ZPAWFFDAPFS

KCTVKIL]KP FI SLSTFBK DFI KIBKCFE

FBLTLP IKS APDFEFS DF CABZPK

WFIKP ZAP FI ZPADVCTA FIK@APKDA FE IK

MMD OPAVZ SKC 88




FBZPFSK ZPADVCTAPK

CAETKDAP

KPFK CAETK@LILDKD

BKETLFEF

PFIKCLAEFS DF

CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAE

OFPFECLK OFEFPKI) KDBLELSTPKCLAE )

IAOLSTLCK \ BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS

SVZFPWLSK"

A@MFTLWAS FI CAETKDAP DF@FPË KSLSTLP FE IK

OFSTLÓE CAETK@IF \ GLEKECLFPK DF IK

FBZPFSK) PFKIL]KEDA IK ZKPTF AZFPKTLWK

DF FSTF SLSTFBK ZKPK IAOPKP

FGLCLFETFBFETF IAS A@MFTLWAS DFI

DFZKPTKBFETA%

GVECLAEFS PFKIL]KP IAS KSLFETAS CAETK@IFS DF IAS

PFOLSTPA DF CABZPKS) WFETKS \ @KIKECF

OFEFPKI (PFOLBFE FSZFCLKI,

PFKIL]KP FI PAI DF ZKOAS

IIFWKP FI CAETPAI DF IAS TPK@KMKDAPFSFE ZIKELIIK DF IK FBZPFSK

PFKIL]KP CAECLILKCLAEFS @KECKPLKS FE FI

CKSA

PFKIL]KP FI FSTKDA DF OKEKECLKS \

ZFPDLDKS DF IK FBZPFSK (LBGAPBKCLAE

ZPAZLK,

MMD OPAVZ SKC 8<




OFPFETF DF BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS

KPFK BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS

BKETLFEF

PFIKCLAEFS DF

CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAE

SV ZPLECLZKI CAAPDLEKCLÓE HKCLK DFETPA

DF IK APOKEL]KCLÓE FS CAE OFPFETF

OFEFPKI \ CAE FI DFZKPTKBFETA DF

KDBLELSTPKCLÓE \ IAOLSTLCK> \ FI TPKDFP

SVZFPWLSK ZFPSAEKI DFI KPFK

A@MFTLWAS SF FECKPOK DF ZPAZAPCLAEKP K IAS

ZFPSAEKS VEK @VFEK LBKOFE

CAPZAPKTLWK) DKEDA K CAEACFP K IAS

CILFETFS FI ZPADVCTA FE OFEFPKI \ IK

CABFPCLKIL]KCLAE CAE IAS BLSBAS

DF@F IAOPKP SVS DF@FPFS DFETPA DF VE

FS[VFBK BK\AP DF A@MFTLWAS

APOKEL]KCLAEKIFS) FSTPKTFOLKS DF

BKPNFTLEO \ A@MFTLWAS DF BFPCKDA

GVECLAEFS BKPNFTLEO

SF FECKPOK DF TPK@KMKP FE KILKE]K CAEFI TPKDFP ZKPK ZADFP ZV@ILCLTKP \

ZPABACLAEKP FI ZPADVCTA FE FI

BFPCKDA FSZFCLGLCA%

SVOLFPF \ FBZIFK GAPBKS F LDFKS DF

@PLEDKP KTFECLAE KI CILFETF%

SF FECKPOK DF BFMAPKP CAETLEVKBFETF

MMD OPAVZ SKC <:




FI SFPWLCLA [VF SF AGPFCF) DF BKEFPK

[VF SF SKTLSGKOKE IKS EFCFSLDKDFS DF

DFBKEDK

PFKIL]KP GPFCVFETFBFETF LEWFSTLOKCLÓE

DF BFPCKDAS FE IK CVKI SF KEKILCF IAS

BËS KCTVKIFS PF[VFPLBLFETAS DFI

BFPCKDA)

WFETKS

ZIKEFKCLÓE \ ZPFSVZVFSTA DF WFETKS

FETPFEKBLFETA DF IK GVFP]K DF WFETKS%

KEËILSLS DFI WAIVBFE DF WFETKS) CASTAS

\ VTLILDKDFS%

BFDLCLÓE \ FWKIVKCLÓE DFI DFSFBZFÛA DF

IK GVFP]K DF WFETKS%

BAELTAPFA DFI ËB@LTA DF IK

CABFPCLKIL]KCLÓE%

WFIKP ZAP IK FGLCLFECLK DFI SFPWLCLA ZAST

WFETK

SFCPFTKPLK

KPFK KZA\A

BKETLFEF

PFIKCLAEFS DF

OFPFECLK OFEFPKI) KDBLELSTPKCLAE )

IAOLSTLCK \ BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS

MMD OPAVZ SKC <;




CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAESVZFPWLSK

A@MFTLWAS DFSFBZFÛKPSF CAPPFCTKBFETF FE IKSIK@APFS DF AGLCLEK) APOKEL]KEDA \

IIFWKEDA VE ZIFEA CAETPAI DF IAS

DACVBFETAS A KPCHLWAS VTLIFS ZKPK IK

FBZPFSKGVECLAEFS BKEFMKP FI KPCHLWA (OFEFPKI \

ZFPSAEKI,%

APOKEL]KP \ IIFWKP VE KDFCVKDA

CAETPAI DF DACVBFETAS

BKETFEFP KI DÂK KOFEDKS) DLPFCTAPLAS)

TKPMFTFPAS) FTC%

KTFEDFP \ CAPPFSZAEDFP IKS IIKBKDKS

%

DKP ZAP TFIÌGAEA PFCKDAS PVTLEKPLAS A

FSZFCLKIFS%

HKCFP PFSFPWKCLAEFS DF TPKESZAPTFS \

ATPAS

TPKESCPL@LP DLCTKDAS DF DACVBFETAS%

SFOVPLDKD

KPFK KZA\A

BKETLFEF KDBLELSTPKDAP) MMD OPAVZ SKC <0




PFIKCLAEFS DF

CAAPDLEKCLAE

CAESVZFPWLSK

A@MFTLWAS OKPKETL]KP IK SFOVPLDKD \ FI PFSOVKPDA

DF IKS LESTKIKCLAEFS) ZPATFOLFEDA IAS

@LFEFS BVF@IFS F LEBVF@IFS DF IK

FBZPFSK) KSL CABA TKB@LFE WFIKP ZAP IK

ZPATFCCLAE DF IKS ZFPSAEKS [VF ZVFDKE

FECAETPKPSF DFETPA DF FSTK

GVECLAEFS FGFCTVKP CAETPAIFS DF LDFETLDKD FE FIKCCFSA

TFEFP CAEACLBLFETAS FE BFTADAS DF

FWKCVKCLAE) ZPFWFECLAE \ SFÛKIL]KCLAE

KETF KIOVEK KCCLAE DF FBFPOFECLK

FGFCTVKP IK ZPATFCCLÓE DFI

KIBKCFEKBLFETA DF IAS ZPADVCTAS%

FGFCTVKP PFCAPPLDAS ZAP TADKS IKS

KPFKS

ZAEFP FSZFCLKI CVLDKDA K IAS @LFEFS [VF

SF SABFTFE K SV CVSTADLK

IIFWKP K CK@A) FE PFIKCLÓE CAE FI

GVECLAEKBLFETA DF CFETPKIFS DF KIKPBK

SFPWLP DF FSCAITK K BFPCKECÂKS \

ZFPSAEKS

MMD OPAVZ SKC <3

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/configuraciones-productivas/configuraciones-productivas.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/configuraciones-productivas/configuraciones-productivas.shtml




<%0 Fstpktfolk df pfcivtkblfeta sfifcclóe | caetpktkclóe df

zfpsaeki

<%0%; Pfcivtkblfeta

Dfscpl`lp fi zvfsta df tpk`kma `pledkeda legapbkclóe sa`pf iks

pfszaesk`lildkdfs) gveclaefs | atpas df iks wkcketfs

Sf pfcivtkpk zfpsaeki f tpkwìs k df zëoleks f`s Caba

%cabzvtpk`kma%cab | %fbzifasilbk%cab zpabaclaekeda iks

wkcketf dlszaelìfs%

Zkpk pfcivtkp hkpfbas vsa df iks pfdfs saclkifs tkifs caba

GKCF@AAN \ T_LTTFP% Daedf ias letfpfskdas eas zvfdke fewlkp ki

cappfa sv cvppâcvivb wltkf

[vl}ë fe ve gvtvpa zadkbas pfcivtkp tpk`kmkdapfs ’PFGFPLDAS‒

zap ias caikàpkdapfs df ik fbzpfsk

<%0%0 Sfifcclóe df zfpsaeki

Zkpk zadfp sfifcclaekp ki zfpsaeki kzpazlkda f ledlckda pfkil}kpfbas ik

iikbkdk fetpfwlstk zfpsaeki cae zpfovetks dftfpblekdks zkpk zadfp

kekil}kp {vf zastviketf sfk fi bfmap k dlgfpfeclk df ias dfbës) tfstf

zslcaióolcas) tfst zslcatìcelcas fetpf atpas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC <4




Cvkeda tfeokbas sfifcclaekda fi ckedldkta sf if pfkil}k ias fxëbfefs

pfszfctlwas (fxkbfe bìdlca, zkpk cfptlglckp {vf fs ve caikàpkdap

skea%

<%0%3 Caetpktkclóe dfi zfpsaeki

Ki zfpsaeki sfifcclaekda% Sf if hkpë glpbkp ve caetpkta cae ik

fbzpfsk zap fi tlfbza dftfpblekda df 7 bfsfs | sfoýe fi dfsfbzfûa

dfi caikàpkdap fi tlfbza df zfpbkefeclk fe ik fbzpfsk zadpâk lpsf

lecpfbfetkeda zkpk fi `lfefstkp df kb`ks zkptfs%

<%3 Fstpktfolk df ledvcclóe) ckzkcltkclóe | fwkivkclóe df

zfpsaeki

<%3%; Ledvcclóe dfi zfpsaeki

Fi zfpsaeki |k caetpktkda f lecapzapkda k ik fbzpfsk sf ifs dkpë k

caeacfp iks ëpfks | tadas ias ivokpfs df evfstpk fbzpfsk

Sfpk zpfsfetkda ketf ias dfbës tpk`kmkdapfs legapbkeda k {vf ëpfk

zfptfefcfpë | kiovek df svs gveclaefs | pfszaesk`lildkdfs

MMD OPAVZ SKC <6




Ki sfifcclaekda if `pledkpfbas iks hfppkblfetks efcfskplks zkpk {vf

fstf zvfdk dfsfbzfûkpsf fglclfetfbfetf) fi fstkpë cabzpabftlda fe

sfovlp ias a`mftlwas df ik fbzpfsk | ksâ fi zadfp tpktkpsf a`mftlwas

zfpsaekifs%

<%3%0 Ckzkcltkclóe

Fe evfstpk fbzpfsk dfskppaiikpfbas ckzkclaefs caestketfs cae

fi zfpsaeki) zpleclzkibfetf cae iks ëpfks df iaoâstlck f zpadvcclóe zkpk

ik bfmapk df ckdk caikàpkdap%

Dfetpa df iks ckzkcltkclaefs slfbzpf sf tfedpë fe cvfetk iks

azlelaefs | svofpfeclks df ias caikàpkdapfs zkpk vek bfmapk ofefpkiia {vf caetpl`vlpë cae fi cpfclblfeta df ik apokel}kclóe iifwkeda vek

cabvelckclóe hapl}aetki%

Cakchleo

A`sfpwkclóe

Zkpk fi `vfe dfsfbzfûa dfi zfpsaeki ik a`sfpwkclóe df svs

zkpkdlobks) cpffeclks | caedvctks {vf sf zpkctlcke sfpë gvedkbfetki

ksâ fecaetpkpfbas saivclaefs k zpa ifbks hkiikdas k tpkwìs df

dlwfpsas zvetas df wlstk | tkb`lìe tfefp kitfpektlwks dlgfpfetfs {vf

sfke caestpvctlwks zkpk a`tfefp pfsvitkdas zasltlwas%

Tabk df caeclfeclk

Ik a`sfpwkclóe ki fetpfekdap if dkpë k caeacfp ki zfpsaeki {vf iks

fifcclaefs {vf hkoke tpkfpëe caesfcvfeclks zasltlwks caba efoktlwks

ksâ fstf kzpfedk k sfp bks fgfctlwa ki babfeta df fifolp df bkefpk

caeslfetf) `pledëedaif hfppkblfetks fszfcâglcks zkpk fifolp cae bk|ap

fgfctlwldkd%

Dftfpblekclóe df a`mftlwas

MMD OPAVZ SKC <7




Fs fsfeclki zkpk tada zpacfsa df cakchleo) fi caetkp cae a`mftlwas

cikpkbfetf dfgleldas% Fstf sfpë fi zksa cpvclki hkclk ik a`tfeclóe df

ias blsbas | sfpwlpë df ovâk zkpk ik tabk df dfclslaefs | kcclaefs%

Kctvkp

Tfelfeda ik legapbkclóe efcfskplk fi zfpsaeki df`f df kctvkp df gapbk

fglclfetf fe fi tlfbza) fi fetpfekdap kcabzkûkpk ki blsba zkpk {vf fi

zfpsaeki svzfpf cvki{vlfp dlglcvitkd ki babfeta df zaefp fe zpëctlck

ik tabk df dfclslaefs%

Bfdlp

Sf df`f fwkivkp sl dfszvìs df ik tabk df dfclslaefs fstk eas iifwk k

iaopkp ias a`mftlwas a fe atpas cksas eas kifmk) ksâ df fstk bkefpk sf

tabkpâke kcclaefs cappfctlwks zkpk zadfp sfovlp tpk`kmkeda fe ik `vsck

df ias a`mftlwas

Kcclóe cabzpabftldk

Tada zpacfsa df cakchleo caeciv|f cae vek kcclóe cabzpabftldk

kilefkdk cae fi zike df kcclóe fstkìfcldk zpfwlkbfetf fetpf fi

fetpfekdap | fi caikàpkdap%

<%3%3 Fwkivkclóe dfi zfpsaeki

Sf fwkivkpk ki zfpsaeki fe `ksf ki dfsfbzfûa) iks gveclaefs) ias

a`mftlwas cae ias {vf cvfetk ckdk caikàpkdap) fsta sf dfskppaiikpk

svzfpwlsëedaias fe svs hapks df tpk`kma cvkeda fstf ikàpkeda) zfpa

ck`f pfskitkp {vf tkb`lìe sf fwkivkpk k ias zkptlclzketfs cae

fecvfstks letfpeks df cilbk ikàpki zkpk fwkivkp ik pfikclóe ikàpki

fetpf fi zfpsaeki%

MMD OPAVZ SKC <?




<%4 Fstpktfolk df batlwkclóe | dfskppaiia df zfpsaeki

Tada evfstpa zfpsaeki pfcl`lpë ve lecfetlwa fcaeóblca kdlclaeki ias

zfpladas fe ia {vf sf iifovf k ias a`mftlwas ziketfkdas zap ik fbzpfsk%

Ksâ caba tkb`lìe fi zfpsaeki {vf dfbvfstpf fstkp cabzpabftlda cae

ik apokel}kclóe sfpë pfcaeaclda ketf tadas) tfelfeda caba glekildkd

{vf ias dfbës slfetke iks okeks | sf cabzpabftke bës cae ik

apokel}kclóe%

Ias caikàpkdapfs sfpëe kokskmkdas fe iks dlgfpfetfs gfchks

lbzaptketfs) tkifs caba fe ekwldkd pfcl`lpëe sv ckekstk ekwldfûk | fe

gfchks slblikpfs dlgfpfetf pfokias zkpk {vf fstìe batlwkdas |

cabzpabftldas cae ik fbzpfsk%

@lfe sf sk`f {vf zkpk ve caikàpkdap fs lbzaptketf ik batlwkclóe |k

{vf fstf legiv|f df bkefpk eataplk fe sv dfskppaiia zkpk pfkil}kp svsgveclaefs) fetaecfs sk`lfeda fsta fs {vf sf aztk zap `pledkp

ckzkcltkclóe fszfclkil}kdk cae ia {vf sfpwlpë bvchk zkpk {vf fi

caikàpkdap ckztf caeaclblfetas zkpk tadk sv wldk | ik apokel}kclóe sf

`fefglclf zap ias kzaptfs df fstf%

<%6 Zaiâtlcks df pfbvefpkclaefs | cabzfeskclaefs

MMD OPAVZ SKC <8




Fi caikàpkdap pfcl lpë svs pfbvefpkclaefs fe ias tlfbzas

dftfpblekdas sle pftpksas slfeda mvsta df kcvfpda k iks gveclaefs |

ias kzaptfs {vf tfeok fi blsba hkclk ik apokel}kclóe

Fstkpëe fe zikeliik fi Ofpfetf Ofefpki) Kdblelstpkdap) Ofpfetf dfIaoâstlck) | Ofpfetf df Bkpnftleo | Wfetks) ia {vf hkcf {vf oacf df

svs `fefglclas saclkifs {vf zap if| if cappfszaedf%

Ias dfbës caikàpkdapfs caba sfcpftkplk) kslstfetf | sfovpldkd sv

zkoa sfpë bfdlketf svs pfclàs zap haeapkplas%

@ksf ifoki df if| B\ZFS= Dfcpfta ifolsiktlwa ;:87" if| df B|zfs \ sv

Pfoikbfeta

MMD OPAVZ SKC <<




CKZLTVIA W

;:% ZIKE GLEKECLFPA

;:%; HLSTAPLK GLEKECLFPK DF IK FBZPFSK

Fi zpa|fcta df fbzpfsk {vf zpftfedfbas dfskppaiikp MMD Opavz S%K%C%)

sf glekeclkpë zap fi kzaptf df ias saclas df ik slovlfetf bkefpk=

Lewfpslóe ckzltki=

KCCLAELSTKS S!%

Pf|ek Sliwfstpf) Mlbb| Ki`fpta ;8:::%::



KCCLAELSTKS @LFEFS S!%

Pf|ek Sliwfstpf) Mlbb| Ki`fpta Cabzvtkdapks (4, 4:::%::

Iózf} [vfwfda) Dlfoa Bkptle Baetkckpok bkevki

(0,

36::%::

Tappfs Sata) Mfsýs Hfpeëe Iacki 4::::%::

Ki kzaptf dlefpkpla | df `lfefs) tkb`lìe sf zpa|fctk df kcvfpda k ik

ldfk df Hfpeëe Tappfs) {vlfe fstkpâk kzaptkeda cae ve iacki v`lckda

fe fi dlstplta dfi Ivple) | {vf fxlstf ik zasl`lildkd df hlzatfckp dlcha

iacki) df`lda k {vf gkblilkpfs dfi sacla sf hke letfpfskda fe fi

zpa|fcta) zap ia {vf zpadvcta df ik hlzatfck sf kopfokpâk fi baeta df

S! 3:)::: caba ckzltki df tpk`kma zkpk fi zpfsfetf zpa|fcta df

fxzaptkclóe df bfpbfikdk df vwk | ivcvbk%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;::




Cae fstf kzaptf df ckzltki tketa fe fgfctlwa caba glekeclkda sf

zaedpâk fe dfskppaiia ik fxzaptkclóe dkeda lelcló k iks kctlwldkdfs

fcaeóblcks | glekeclfpk df ik fbzpfsk> slfeda fi bfs df bkp}a ia

zpfwlsta zkpk fi kzaptf df ias saclas | fi bfs df k`pli cae fi

glekeclkblfeta k tpkwìs df ik hlzatfck%

;:%0 SVZVFSTAS! FSCFEKPLAS \ ZAILTLCKS FCAEABLCKS \

GLEKECLFPKS

Ias svzvfstas bkefmkdas fe fi bkefma df ias tpfs fscfekplas) fs

lecpfbfeta a pfdvcclóe df wfetks> zap{vf fstk dfclslóe badlglckpë ias

castas wkplkìfs dfi zpa|fcta caba sae okstas df fxzaptkclóe |

tpkeszaptf dfi zpadvcta%

Ik wfetkmk dfi zpa|fcta fs {vf sf wk k fgfctvkp ik tfpcfpl}kclóe df ik

zpadvcclóe | fewkskda df iks bfpbfikdks df vwk | iýcvbk) slfeda k

tada casta fi tpkta cae fi zpawffdap fs dfclp |k leciv|f ik) bkea df

a`pk) bk{vlekplks zkpk fi zpacfsa df zpadvcclóe | fewkskda> cae ia

{vf sf a`tfedpâk vek wfetkmk cabzftltlwk ketf atpas zpa|fctas zap{vf

ias castas sf pfdvclpâke | fi baeta df lewfpslóe tkb`lìe%

Ias dfbës castas glmas fe fi bkefma df ias fscfekplas Badfpkda)

Aztlblstk | Zfslblstk sf bketlfefe fs zap fsa {vf bks kdfiketf sf

dftfpblek fi zveta df f{vlil`pla fe ckdk fscfekpla%

;:%3 ZIKE DF WFETKS DF IK EVFWK VELDKD DF EFOACLA

Iks bfpbfikdks fe sv zpfsfetkclóe df 06: blililtpas) sf hk

zpa|fctkda fe wfetks bfesvkifs) iks cvkifs hke slda zikelglckdks fe

ias tpfs fscfekplas ketfs dftkiikdas%

† Fscfekpla Badfpkda=

Fe fstf fscfekpla sf zikelglck iks wfetks bfesvkifs df ik

slovlfetf bkefpk=

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:;




Bfpbfikdk df Iýcvbk= 3:)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df mvela k

eawlfb`pf) cae iks wfetks bfesvkifs df 6)::: veldkdfs bfesvkifs%

Bfpbfikdk df Vwk= 3:)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df dlclfb`pf k

k`pli) cae iks wfetks bfesvkifs df 6)::: veldkdfs bfesvkifs%

Fstks veldkdfs df bfpbfikdks bfesvkifs sfpëe fxzaptkdks fe ve

saia fewâa bfesvki%

Fi zpfcla df wfetk sf if caesldfpkpë k VS $ 0%6: zkpk cvki{vlfp tlza df

bfpbfikdk) cae ve tlza df ckb`la df S! %0%7:% Fstk wfetk sfpë wâk ki

Tpkdfp {vf sf feckpokpë df ik kzfptvpk dfi zpadvcta k atpas bfpckdas%

Fe cvki caetkpë cae svs pfszfctlwks cfptlglckclaefs%

† Fscfekpla Zfslblstk=

Fe fstf fscfekpla sf zikelglck iks wfetks bfesvkifs df ik

slovlfetf bkefpk=

Bfpbfikdk df Iýcvbk= 04)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df mvela k


Bfpbfikdk df Vwk= 04)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df dlclfb`pf k





bfpbfikdk) cae ve tlza df ckb`la df S! %0%7:% Fstk wfetk sfpë wâk kitpkdfp {vf sf feckpokpë df ik kzfptvpk dfi zpadvcta k atpas bfpckdas%


† Fscfekpla Aztlblstk=

Fe fstf fscfekpla sf zikelglck iks wfetks bfesvkifs df ik slovlfetf

bkefpk=

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:0




Bfpbfikdk df Iýcvbk= 37)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df mvela k


Bfpbfikdk df Vwk= 37)::: veldkdfs) dlstpl`vldks df dlclfb`pf k





bfpbfikdk) cae ve tlza df ckb`la df S! %0%7:% Fstk wfetk sfpë wâk ki

tpkdfp {vf sf feckpokpë df ik kzfptvpk dfi zpadvcta k atpas bfpckdas%


;:%4 KEKILSLS DF CASTAS

Fi castfa zkpk ik wfetk df gpkscas df bfpbfikdks df vwk | iýcvbk df

06: opkbas cabzpfedf ia slovlfetfs castas=

CASTA DF ZPADVCCLAE CASTACABZPK DF IVCVBK WKPLK@

IFCABZPK DF VWK WKPLK@

IFTFPCFPL]KCLAE DF ZPADVCCLAE DF IVCVBK GLMA

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:3




TFPCFPL]KCLAE DF ZPADVCCLAE DF VWK GLMA

TPKESZAPTF DF VWK WKPLK@

IFOKSTAS KDBLELSTPKTLWAS

OFPFETF OFEFPKI" SACLA ; GLMA

CAETKDAP GLMA

KDBLELSTPKDAP" SACLA 0 GLMA

OFPFETF DF BKPNFTLEO \ WFETKS " SACLA 3 GLMA

OFPFETF DF IAOLSTLCK GLMA

KSLSTFETF GLMA

SFCPFTKPLK GLMAZFPSAEKI DF ILBZLF]K (zkpt tlbf, GLMA

ZFPSAEKI DF SFOVPLDKD GLMA

LETFPEFT GLMA

EFXTFI WKPLK@

IFCKICVIA DFI ZKOA DFI LBZVFSTA K IK

PFETK BFESVKI

WKPLK@

IF

FIFCTPLCLDKD WKPLK@

IFKOVK WKPLK@

IFCKPTK DF CPFDLTA LPPFWACK@IF K IK WLSTK

" IVCVBK

WKPLK@

IF

CKPTK DF CPFDLTA LPPFWACK@IF K IK WLSTK" VWK

WKPLK@IF

OKSTAS DF WFETKFIK@APKCLAE DF ZKOLEK _F@ GLMA

DABLELA HASTLEO WKPLK@

IFTPKDFP LETFPEKCLAEKI WFETK DF IVCVBK WKPLK@

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:4




IF

TPKDFP LETFPEKCLAEKI WFETK DF VWK WKPLK@

IFCASTA DF FEWLA GIFTF \ SFOVPA

LETFPEKCLAEKI " IVCVBK

WKPLK@

IF

CASTA DF FEWLA GIFTF \ SFOVPA

LETFPEKCLAEKI " VWK

WKPLK@

IF

OKSTAS GLEKECLFPASZKOA DF CVATK DF HLZATFCK GLMA

BKETFELBLFETA DF CVFETK CAPPLFETF GLMA

ATPAS OKSTASOKSTA DF CAESTLTVCLAE WKPLK@

IFCKMK CHLCK WKPLK@

IFLBZIFBFETKCLAE DF IACKI WKPLK@

IFCABZPK DF BK[VLEKS \ F[VLZAS WKPLK@

IF

VTLIFS DF ILBZLF]K WKPLK@IF

Fi zpa|fcta sfpë wlkìf) zap{vf fi opvza hk wlsta zap caewfelfetf {vf

zkpk {vf ias castas wkplkìfs ea tfeoke ve gvfptf lbzkcta fe fi

pfsvitkda dfi zpa|fcta sf hk wlsta zap caewfelfetf) {vf sf tfpcfplcf fi

zpacfsa df zpadvcclóe df bfpbfikdk) | fewkskda> ia {vf zfpbltlpâk

fegackp ik lewfpslóe fe atpas pv`pas%

Fstk tabk df dfclslóe zfpbltf pfdvclp ias castas) bkxlbl}kp ik

lewfpslóe) zkpk ksâ zadfp a`tfefp bk|ap pfetk`lildkd fe fi zpa|fcta

dfskppaiikda%

;:%6 ZVETA DF F[VLIL@PLA DF IK EVFWK VELDKD DF EFOACLA

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:6




Fi zveta df f{vlil`pla fs k{vfi zveta daedf ias Leopfsas tatkifs sf

lovkike k ias Castfs tatkifs% Wfedlfeda zap feclbk df dlcha zveta sf

a`tlfefe `fefglclas | wfedlfeda zap df`kma sf a`tlfefe zìpdldks%

;:%6%; ZVETA DF F[VLIL@PLA FSCFEKPLA BADFPKDA

;:%6%0 ZVETA DF F[VLIL@PLA FSCFEKPLA AZTLBLSTK

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:7




;:%6%3 ZVETA DF F[VLIL@PLA FSCFEKPLA ZFSLBLSTK

;:%7 KD[VLSLSCLAE DF BKTFPLKIFS F LESVBAS ZKPK IK

ZPADVCCLAE

Zkpk ik zpadvcclóe df iks bfpbfikdks df vwk | iýcvbk zkpk sv

fxzaptkclóe fe fewksfs df 06: opkbas) sf hk dfcldlda tfpcfpl}kp tadasias zpacfsas cae vek fbzpfsk fe Ilbk> fstk fbzpfsk (K;, %

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:?




Fgfctvkbas ik cabzpk df ias lesvbas (fsfzta ik vwk a iýcvbk,% Zkpk fi

cksa df ik iýcvbk sf efcfsltk zkpk ;::: gpkscas df 06: opkbas ;3:

nlias df iýcvbk | df lovki bkefpk ik blsbk zpazapclóe zkpk ik

bfpbfikdk df vwk%

Ik fbzpfsk K;dfi Zfpv zplbk k `kma zpfcla) cvfetk cae bë{vleks zkpk

fgfctvkp fi zpacfsa df fikàpkclóe df bfpbfikdk df vwk | iýcvbk | sv

zastfplap fewkskda> zap ia {vf eas ca`pk k tada casta S! ;%8: zap ckdk

fewksf df bfpbfikdk df 06: opkbas) zpadvcldk | fewkskdk%

Fstk dfclslóe zfpbltf pfdvclp ias castas df zpadvcclóe | dlcha sfpwlcla

fs gkctvpkda%

Fi fb`kikmf sfpë fgfctvkda fe ckmks df 3: veldkdfs) ia cvki fgfctvkpë

ik blsbk fbzpfsk zpawffdapk k tada casta% Evfstpa casta df

kibkcfekmf sfpë evia zap{vf ia iifwkpfbas dlpfctkbfetf k ias

kibkcfefs dfi kofetf df kdvkek ilsta zkpk ik fxzaptkclóe k FF%VV%

;:%? LEWFPSLAE LELCLKI

Zkpk fi zpa|fcta df fxzaptkclóe df bfpbfikdk df iýcvbk | vwk fe

fewksfs df 06: opkbas) sf tlfef zpfwlsta lewfptlp S! ?;):::> df ias

cvkifs

Ckzltki glma 8):::

Ckzltki df Tpk`kma

6<)::

:Okstas zpf" azfpktlwas 4):::

Tatki okstas zpf azfpktlwas S!

?;):::

Zkpk fi ckzltki df Tpk`kma sfpë df S! 6<):::) fi cvki sfpë dlstpl`vlda

zkpk fi zkoa df ias zplbfpas iatfs tfpcfpl}kdas) fi tpkeszaptf | sv

zastfplap fxzaptkclóe%

Zap ia tketa) fi ckzltki df tpk`kma sf dlstpl`vlpë fe ias okstas df

fxzaptkclóe) zkoa k zfpsaeki kdblelstpktlwa) lelclëedasf ik lewfpslóe k

zkptlp dfi bfs df bkp}a dfi 0:;0) ik tfpcfpl}kclóe df ik zpadvcclóe |

cabfpclkil}kclóe fe fi bfs df mvela%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:8




;:%8 Gvfetfs df Glekeclkblfeta

Ik gvfetf df glekeclkblfeta dfi zpa|fcta sfpë cae pfcvpsas zpazlas)

slfeda fi baeta dlstpl`vlda df ik slovlfetf bkefpk=

KCCLAELSTKS S!%

Pf|ek Sliwfstpf) Mlbb| Ki`fpta ;8:::%::



Fstf kzaptf sfpë fe fgfctlwa> zfpa fi sacla Tappfs Sata) Mfsýs Hfpeëe

zvfdf hlzatfckp ik zpazlfdkd zap{vf svs gkblilkpfs dlpfctas {vlfpfe

lecvpslaekp | kza|kpeas) zkpk ia cvki sf gkcliltkpâk opke zkptf dfi ckzltki

cae ik hlzatfck dfi iacki fe fi Ckiika) | fi baeta hk sailcltkp sfpâk df S!

3:):::> | zpfwlsta cae vek tksk kevki dfi ;4 & | k tpfs kûas% Zap ia

tketa) fi baeta df ik cvatk bfesvki sfpâk fe zpabfdla df S! ;)40:%

;:%< ZPA\FCCLAE DF GIVMA DF CKMK

Sf kdmvetk fi givma df ckmk dfi zpa|fcta fe {vf sf zvfdf kzpfclkp ik

zpa|fcclóe df wfetk df bfpbfikdk df iýcvbk | vwk fe zpfsfetkclóe

df 06: opkbas) ksâ caba fi casta lecvpplda fe ik zpadvcclóe zap

tfpcfpl}kp) ia {vf zfpbltf ve khappa df castas | cabfpclkil}kclóe df

evfstpas kptâcvias% Tkb lìe ias okstas kdblelstpktlwas) zkoa df

lbzvfstas) okstas df wfetk) okstas glekeclfpas caba bketfelblfeta

df cvfetk capplfetf | fi oksta zap ik lbzifbfetkclóe dfi zpa|fcta% Fi

givma df ckmk hk slda dfskppaiikda kevkibfetf | `kma ias tpfs

fscfekplas zkpk sv fwkivkclóe Badfpkda) Aztlblstk | Zfslblstk%

Sf kdmvetk cëicvia df fscfekplas cae svs pfszfctlwas kefxas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;:<




;:%;: KEKILSLS DF PFETK@LILDKD

Fscfekpla Aztlblstk=

Pfsvitkda – ; x ;:: 2 S! ;:;)::6 " ; x ;:: 2 40%07&

Lewfpslóe ?;):::

Fscfekpla Badfpkda=

Pfsvitkda – ; x ;:: 2 S! 78)0<; " ; x ;:: 2 "3%8; &

Lewfpslóe ?;):::

Fscfekpla Zfslblstk=

Pfsvitkda – ; x ;:: 2 S! 36)66? – ; x ;:: 2 "4<%<0&

Lewfpslóe ?;):::

;:%;; FSTKDA DF OKEKECLKS \ ZFPDLDKS ZPA\FCTKDKS DF

IK FBZPFSK

Fstkda df Okekeclks | Zìpdldks

MMD OPAVZ SKC

Ki glekil}kp fi 0:;0

Fxzpfskda fe blifs df evfwas saifs

Wfetks Eftks S! 00?)6::

Casta df wfetks " 76)76<

Vtlildkd @pvtk ;7;)84;

Okstas Kdblelstpktlwas <8)306

Okstas df Wfetks 68)8?6

Okstas Glekeclfpas ;0%<8:Atpas fopfsas ;3)<3:

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;:




Vtlildkd Ketfs df Lbzvfsta "00)07<

Lbzvfsta k ik pfetk :

Vtlildkd Eftk S! "00)07<

;:%;0 @KIKECF OFEFPKI ZPA\FCTKDA DF IK FBZPFSK FE SV

CAEMVETA

@KIKECF OFEFPKI

ZPA\FCTA MMD OPAVZ SKC

Fxzpfskda fe blifs df evfwas saifs

KCTLWA ZKSLWA

Ckmk 44)83; Gkctvpks zap zkokp

37)<0:

Bfpckdfpâks 68)30:

ZKTPLBAELA

Ckzltki

88)6::Pfsvi%fmfpc% "00)07<

Tatki kctlwa S! ;:3);6; Tatki Zkslwa | Zktplb%

S! ;:3);6;

;:%;3 KEKILSLS DF SFESL@LILDKD \ PLFSOAS DF IK VELDKD DF

EFOACLA

Zkpk fi zpa|fcta df fxzaptkclóe df bfpbfikdk df iýcvbk | vwk) sf hk

fgfctvkda fi keëilsls df sfesl lildkd | plfsoa fe ias fscfekplas

badfpkda) aztlblstk | zfslblstk%

Zkpk fi fscfekpla zfslblstk sf zpfwì {vf iks wfetks dlsblev|ke fe ve

zpabfdla df 0:&) ia {vf tpkfpë caesloa ik dlsblevclóe fe fi castfa df

lesvbas) | ias castas glmas sf bketlfefe%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;;




Fe fi fscfekpla aztlblstk sf zpfwì ve lecpfbfeta fe kzpaxlbkdkbfetf

ve 0:& dfi skida lelclki) ia {vf zfpbltf {vf iks vtlildkdfs sfke bfmapfs

fe fstf fscfekpla) | cvbzilfeda cae fi zkoa df ias lbzvfstas%

Fi tlza df ckb`la caesldfpkda zkpk fi lelcla df iks azfpkclaefs fs df

S!0%7:) ia cvki cae ik tfedfeclk k ik `kmk | ia cvki sf tfedpâk {vf

fgfctvkp ik ca`fptvpk df plfsoa df tlza df ckb`la cae azfpkclaefs

gapkpd) fi cvki sf iifwkpâk k ckà k tpkwìs cae fi Scatlk`ken) zkpk

dlsblevlp fi plfsoa df fstk wkplkìf%

Zkpk fi bkefma df fstas fscfekplas saia sf hk tabkda fe cvfetk ik

wkplkclóe df iks wfetks) | ias dfbës gkctapfs sf bketlfefe

caestketfs%

Ik zpa|fcclóe df ias fscfekplas sf hk fgfctvkda zkpk tada fi kûa 0:;0)

caesldfpkeda ik lbzifbfetkclóe dfi zpa|fcta k zkptlp dfi bfs df

bkp}a f lelclkeda azfpkclaefs df zpadvcclóe | wfetk k zkptlp dfi bfs

df mvela%

Sf zpa|fctk ik cabzpk | zpacfskblfeta cae ik fbzpfsk K; Dfi Zfpý>

tfpcfpl}kdapk ia {vf pfdvcf ias castas df zpadvcclóe | ea dfdlckbas

zkptf dfi ckzltki k ik cabzpk df bk{vlekplks | f{vlzas) ia {vf eas

zfpbltf khappkp zkpk zastfplapbfetf lbzifbfetkp fi zpa|fcta

sóildkbfetf%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;0




CKZLTVIA WL

;;% CAECIVSLAEFS \ PFCABFEDKCLAEFS

Zkpk pfsvblp fi zpfsfetf zpa|fcta sfpfbas zvetvkifs> fi zplbfp zveta

fs pfscktkp fi lecpfbfeta dfi letfpckb`la fe fi cabfpcla fxtfplap | ias

cpltfplas {vf sf fstëe kzilckeda cae fi gle df gkcliltkp ias blsbas) caba

fmfbzia tfefbas ias Kcvfpdas cabfpclkifs%

Fe fstf zpa|fcta easatpas hfbas aztkda zap sfp cabfpclkil}kdapfs

zfpa cae vek zpa|fcclóe k zadfp zpadvclp zap cvfetk zpazlk evfstpa

zpazla zpadvcta > ik mvstlglckclóe sf `ksk k {vf fi hfcha df zpadvclp fi

`lfe k`kpck vek okbk df kctlwldkdfs | pfszaesk lildkdfs bës

cabzifmk {vf zkpk lelclkp ea sf pfcabfedkpâk df`lda k ik fxzfplfeclk

[vf sf zasff | ki tkbkûa df lewfpslóe {vf lbzilckpâk) df`lda k ikkd{vlslclóe df ve tfppfea cae bk|ap kbziltvd) bk{vlekplks zkpk fi

zpacfsa | df bk|ap zfpsaeki) zap fiia fs {vf aztkbas fe ve lelcla zap

ik dfclslóe |k dfscpltk%

Easatpas tfefbas caba vek bftk fszfclglck fi sfp zpadvctapfs zkpk

ksâ zkptlclzkp cae fi zpazóslta {vf eas {vlfpf sfb`pkp fi Fstkda) k

tpkwìs df ik lecivslóe saclki) ik cvki `fefglclk ki fbzpfskpla zfpvkea | k

svs caikàpkdapfs df`lda k {vf sf gapbkil}ke ias fbzifas | ik ckildkd

df wldk df iks zfpsaeks zvfdf bfmapkp df`lda ki leopfsa {vf zfpcl`f%

Kcaofpsf k ik if| B\ZF fs vek gvfetf bv| zpawfchask zfpa ea zap fiia

dfbkedk bfeas pfszaesk`lildkdfs) tfefbas {vf zkokp vek zikeliik ki

lovki {vf vek fbzpfsk dfi pìolbfe ofefpki ik dlgfpfeclk fs {vf fs vek

zikeliik cae ckpkctfpâstlcks dlgfpfetfs | {vf fs df bk|ap zpawfcha zkpk

ias blcpa fbzpfskplas%

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;3




Evfstpa zpadvcta fs fxzaptkda bastpkeda opkedfs âedlcfs df ckildkd |

bastpkeda ledlckdapfs {vf eas dke gf dfi `vfe fmfpclcla cabfpclki {vf

zvfdf bketfefp ki zveta df zadfp zaslclaekpsf fe fi bfpckda

fszfclglca (zap fmfbzia) sv dlgfpfeclkclóe fe `ksf ki skàp | ki zpfcla,%

Ki zadfp sktlsgkcfp k ve bfpckda {vf sf zpfacvzk dâk k dâk zap a`tfefp

slfbzpf zpadvctas {vf ifs okpketlcfe vek bfmap ckildkd df wldk fe

`ksf k ias evtplfetfs {vf zasfke fstas%

Fi hfcha df tfpcfpl}kp sl `lfe fs clfpta lbzilck clfpta plfsoa df`lda k

{vf sf fstë ofefpkeda clfptk dfzfedfeclk fe {vlfe tf `pledk fstf

sfpwlcla sae wkplkìfs {vf sf zvfdfe pfdvclp | skckp zpawfcha df iks

blsbks) easatpas aztkbas zap tfefp k vek zfpsaek dfetpa df sv ziketkik cvki sf feckpokpk df svzfpwlskp {vf tadas ias zpacfsas sf cvbzike

df bkefpk aztlbk | df fsk bkefpk skckp zpawfcha | zadfp okekp

¨Nea ha zkpk zpfzkpkpeas k tlfbza | bastpkp vek pfszvfstk

fglclfetf ki k`kpckp bk|apfs pfszaesk`lildkdfs ) caba fe fstf cksa

bfeclaekbas ik zpadvcclóe df fstf `lfe%

Fi cappfcta vsa df hfppkblfetks eas dke ve zivs df`lda k {vf eas

zfpbltf bfmapkp | dlgfpfeclkpeas dfi pfsta) ik cappfctk kzilckclóe dfi

Svzzi| Chkle Bkekofbfet) eas dk ve fega{vf cikpa df tadks iks

kctlwldkdfs {vf sf lecvppfe dfetpa dfi clcia dfi zpacfsa ofefpki df

evfstpa zpadvcta) cae fstk hfppkblfetk zadfbas sk`fp ldfetlglckp {vf

kctlwldkdfs sae cpltlcks cvkifs sf zvfdfe caetpaikp | cvëifs sae iks {vf

dfbkedke bk|ap tlfbza ki zadfp caeacfp evfstpa DGL%

Fe cvketa k Bkpnftleo ik hfppkblfetk {vf eas zfpbltf sk`fp fe {vffscfekpla fstkbas cabzltlfeda fs ik bktpl} Kesagg | k pkâ} df fiia fs

{vf sf zvfdf kzilckp fi `fechbkpnleo zkpk zadfp tabkp iks dfclslaefs

cappfctks fe `ksf k evfstpas cabzftldapfs {vf |k sf fecvfetpke

pfkil}keda cabzftfeclk fe fsf bfpckda%

Evfstpa cilfetf dlpfcta fs ve Tpkdfp) fsta sf df`f k svs opkedfs

waiýbfefs df cabzpk | ki nea ha {vf tlfef fe fi bfpckda {vf

dfsfkbas leopfskp zap sv kctlwldkd cabfpclki fmfpcldk fe fstk) zkpk

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;4




fiia df`fbas tabkp iks kcclaefs zfptlefetfs cae fi gle df zadfp iaopkp

ve zaslclaekblfeta fgfctlwa dfetpa df fstf bfpckda) df`lda k ik

cketldkd df cabzftldapfs {vf sf fecvfetpke fe fi blsba%

Tfelfeda fe cvfetk {vf fi hk`lta df caesvba hfdaelstk (cabfp skea,hk k`kpckda bk|apfs zapcfetkmfs fe fi bfpckda ik fbzpfsk tfedpë

bks azaptveldkdfs df`lda k ias evfwas elchas df bfpckda {vf sf

aploleke cae fiias ia cvki fs gkwapkìf zkpk ik cabfpclkil}kclóe dfi

zpadvcta | fi hfcha df bketfefp `vfeks pfikclaefs cabfpclkifs cae

evfstpas zpawffdapfs | cilfetfs eas hkcf bks sóildas zkpk zadfp

cabzftlp fe fi bfpckda fe fi {vf fstkbas fegackdas

Ik bfpbfikdk df vwk fs plck fe skàp caba tkb`lìe fe wltkbleks fi

cvki tlfef kzaptfs caesldfpkìfs ki cvfpza hvbkea | {vf k|vdkpk k

iifwkp vek bfmap ckildkd df wldk fe `ksf k ve caesvba df ve zpadvcta

ektvpki%

Kzilckeda fi Svzzi| chkle bkekofbfet fs {vf sf zadpë ofstlaekp |

caetpaikp iks kctlwldkdfs dfetpa df ik ckdfek df svblelstpa

Fstë dfbastpkda {vf fi dfskppaiia | ik kzilckclóe df iks fstpktfolks df

bkefpk fglclfetf | fgfctlwk eas atapok vek wlslóe bës kbzilk df ia {vf

acvppf fe fi fetapea | ia {vf sf zadpâk iifokp k hkcfp

MMD OPAVZ SKC ;;6