THE
JAIMINI BHARATA,
A CELEBRATED
CANARESE POEM.
WITH
TRANSLATION AND NOTES
BY DANIEL SANDERSON,
WB8LITAN MlSnONART.
BANGALORE:
PBIMTED AT THH WBSLBYAN HISSIOX 7BESS.
1853.
I.njZ.4^r^'/o
FEB 2C 1916
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TRANSLATION.
Verse. 1. May the moon-face^ of Vishnu of D^vapura^,
always suffused by moonlight-smile full of delightful favour-
ambrosialrays ^," at which the Chakora eye of Lakshmi is
enraptured *, the lotus-bud heart of the devout expands *, and
thesea of the world's pure happiness rises and overflows its
l)ounds 6,"
give us joy.2. May he whose spotless form shines adorned with the unri-valled
serpent-ornament, " at whose lotus-feet N"rada and all
the Munis bow,"
whose head-jewel is the moon, " who fulfils
Notel. Avery common figure in Hindu 4. Or nourished. The Chak6ra is a
poetry. "Women are often distinguished bird said to live exclusively in the air,
as the moon-faced ones. never coming to the ground, and to feed
2. i. e. as worshipped at D^vapura, only on the rays of the moon. When
where the descendants of the poet still the moon rises, it remains in a fixed po-reside. sition with its mouth open towards the
3. Properiy digits ; of which the Hin- moon, and drinks in its rays with intoxi-
dus reckon sixteen. The moon is the eating delight. So the eye of Lakshmi
repository of the ambrosia of the gods, towards her husband.
Its waning is caused by their drinking 5. The lotus-bud opens at night, and
the ambrosia, which preserves their im- closes at day-break,
mortality, and which is replenished by 6. The influence of the moon causing
the sun during the fortnight of its waxing*, the tides.
^AIMIKI BkARATA,
Cpi"i5^c"SD7i^5SDo7S^i5Xoi^^7;S-do73e/s658^o^:$;l^^||_r:|
the desire of P"rvati," who receives the homage of alldeities," of world-wide glory," the tripleeyed," the sustainer of theheavenlyGanges 7," ever preserve us.
3. May Vindyaka, giverof all success ", heautiful by hiselephantform huge as the eastern mountain " whose unsullied
7.The followingis a brief summary ofthe originof the Ganges, as detailed inseveral sections of the firstpart of the
Bamdyana. Ganga was the daughter ofHimavat kingof mountaias,and givenbyhim to the gods.Sdgara king of Ay6dhya had by one of
his wives sixtythousand sons. "Whilstperformingthe horse-sacrifice,the horsewas stolen. He commanded his sons to
go and search for it. Not findingit onthe earthytheydug down to Pdtfila,whereIheyfound the horse feeding,and KapilaMuni near it in profound meditation.On beingcharged with the theft,he byone glance reduced them all to ashes.On account of their long absence,S^arasent his grandson,Ansumat, to seek forthem. He found their ashes, and thehorse feedingnear them. Unable to findwater to pour on the ashes, he was di-rected
by Kapila (who was a minor incar-nationof Vishnu,) not to pour common
water upon them, but now to take thehor")eand complete his grandfather'ssa-crifice
; and be assured that his (Ansu-mat's) grandsonshould obtain for theirashes the heavenly Ganges. Sdgarareigned30,000 years; Ansumat 32,000 ;his son Dilipa30,000; his grandson Bha-girathaintent,as his ancestors had been,on bringingdown the Ganges, perseveredin a long course of austerities. After1000 years Bramha signifiedhis plea-
sureby commanding him tc ask a boon.
He begged that the sons of Sdgaramightoltain water for their fimeral rites;that,their ashes being wetted by thecelestialGanges, they mightascend toheaven. Bramha grantedhis request oncondition that he prevailedon Siva tobreak the fall of the waters; else theearth would be washed away.By further austerities be propitiated
Siva, who engaged to receive the god-dess,and commanded her to descend.
In anger she resolved to bear him down
by her stream; but he, aware of herproud resolve,detained her in his hair.When Bhagiratha appliedto him for thewaters, Siva reminded him that his re-quest
was only that he should "re-ceive"the Ganges. Bhagirathaengaged
in further austerities,and Siva beingpleasedwith them dischargedthe watersfrom his locks in seven streams ; one ofwhich followed the king. As he led theway in a splendidchariot,the Gangesfollowed;but, overflowinga sacrificewhich Jahnu was performing,the enra-ged
Muni drank up the whole, but wasafterwards prevailedupon to dischargeitfrom his ear. Thence the stream follow-ed
the king to Pat61a,washed the ashes,and liberated his ancestors the sons ofSagara.
8. Vin^yaka,the god of difficulties,isinvoked before undertakingany work of
CHAPTER 1. 3
S^sro^lAT5e-^e^7:b3l)S(5BooSt":"^^si)c"^?^Xje)a^J5)5a||^ 11"^"d-zSxjUiDZiJs-sl"o^-dc"i)S7^^oXol"o/tS:5tTSJr*oi)o)s;"'d75?i8tfT)^^c5i"i^cSoX^tSj^C^rsoa"^"dtSo^ii7C"psXrstfe;^7f")tWd95'd2Szi5'Oo*tO^^ I
tusks are the firstbeams of the mornings the crimson on hisforehead the rosy dawn, his brilliant jewelledcrown the sunrisingwith goldenrays," ^remove from us all impediment.
4. O mother, queen of Bramha adored by all the gods,(them-selvesworshippedin heaven, earth,and hell,)the bountiful,the
auspicious,the serpent-haired9,the goddessof speech," that this
poem may delightall the world, smile thou upon me, per-vademy lotus-mouth^o,and vouchsafe to me clear understanding.
6. Through the favour of Saraswati I shall utter a poemresemblingthe dignifiedcharacter of a good man walkingin the
way of righteousness,who looks not upon the property of others,(departsnot from the proper meaning of words,)shews no disres-pect
to the holy,(preservesthe pause,) maintains the honour ofhis family,(makes no faultyconstruction,)retains all excellen-cies,
learning,and respectability,(adheresto eleganceof expres-importance,and frequentlyou the most in the east,and set behind another in thetrivialoccasions. He is representedwith west ; hence the comparison,an elephant'shead and largebody. On 9. i. e. whose long hair hangs down thehis head is a rich crown, and on his back like a serpent;a mark of beauty,brow the sectarian mark. The sun is 10. Saraswati is representedsittingon,,supposed to rise from behind a mountain or dwellingin the lotus.
4 JAIMINI BHARATA^
c"5ooTS^;5T;i)'dz5e;;^"'doi)r"^ozSt)'do^^^o^7Se/^7;jo"^'dj""lie-11
^^je)57"^z$jarso5^oai""psoz^"T5D5l"^^T^^^^'C3")l)7do;5i3js"||811
sion,metre, learning,and dignity,)uses no bad language,(noimproperwords.) Let all put away fault-finding,and attend".
6. Let all the good, instead of abusingthe poem as havingneither metre, property,ornament, meaning,sqptiment,learn-ing,
nor skill,and therefore not fit to be heard " ^know thatVishnu of D^vapura,in order that I might not be laughedat ashavingonlymade myselfridiculous by writingpoetry, has gra-ciously
givenme a clear understanding," and attend.7. If instead of churning the cream, takingthe fresh butter,
and enjoyingit, one should put in vinegarand spoilthe cream,is the cow to blame ? So ifinstead of hearingthe poem, examin-ing,
and fullyunderstandingthe meaning of it, one shouldfind fault and revile it because modern, what fault is there in
the poet?Let all wise men know this,layaside envy, and listen.8. Let all well-disposedpersons understand that,as a skilful
musician playsupon a lute,Vishnu of D^vapura,knowing that
11. By the use of words havinga dou- the same terms. The renderingsenclosedble meaning, the qualities-of a virtuous in brackets applyto the poem,man, and a good poem are described by
CHAPTER I. 6
75"/"Xoaai^'z5Ti^^X^^a7;5i5^jsy3u^88ri"^?^^^tii3?5aXyt"I
^KJe/'rf'rfOoZS^^^E-Tj^^OXi^^S)jR}j3^o^")S55^^^||oo||whatever verse when uttered does not make the learned wag the
head^^ is faulty,has himself,in the most agreeablelanguage,bymy voice uttered this poem " ^layaside hatred,censure the envi-ous,
and listen with open ear.
9. Though bitten by the fierce poisonousmouth of a vile
snake,*' (^wicked enemy,) though havingdark spots,(faults,)and thoughsubjectto loss of brightness,(lackinggreatlearning,)the sentiment (ambrosia)of my poem, like the moon, cannot beotherwise than agreeableto the good**,(gods.) If to any one itbe disagreeable,who in the world can doubt that he is like athief or an adulterer** ?
10. Does a diamond mirror reflect otherwise than the very
image of the face presentedto it? So I am unable to do other-wisethan as those who, skilled in the famous Canarese language,
uttered the ancient poems. To former able poets, therefore,I
prostratemyself,and sing.
13. As is done in toVen of pleasureand 14. lit.the virtaouslyminded, an epi-admiration. thet of the gods.See Note 3.
13. T^he serpent Rfihu seizingthe sun " 16. Who hate the moon because dis-
moon is the supposedcause of eclipses. covered by itslight.
6 JAIMINI BHARATA,
11. One Lakshmisha s^on of Annam"nka^ of the race of Bha-radw"ja,Springto the mango orchard of illustriousCanaresepoets^^,throughthe virtue of worshippingwith greathumilitythe feet of those who in their lotus-heart ever meditate on the
feet of Vishnu of D^vapura, composed the excellent JaiminiBh"rata for the information of the learned.
12. Can the charmingsix-footed*7^ (versesand bees,)glidingalongelegantby their excellent order,(colour,)beautiful byabundant figures,(variousforms,)shiningrepletewith the ninepoeticsentiments*^ (^laden with sweet new honey,)famed by theesteem of the good, (theirlove of the Sumanassu flower,)delightfulto the ear by their perpetuallypleasingsound, beotherwise than ceaselesslybooming in the lotus-lake*^ of thelearned assembly.
16. The title or diplomahe received carpenter-bee,whose dark blue metallicfrom the learned : as delightfulto poets colour and booming noise are frequentas the season of springto trees. Other figuresin poetrj.copies read chaitra wana chuta, 18. The nine sentiments necessary tomango tree in Kub^ra's garden. goodpoetry.
17.The measure in which the Jaimini 19. lit.the placeof lotuses; which areis written. It is also a name of the large firequentedby these bees.
8#;f:^s")TOUDS(A)iA"5"^lJ^7J;5tf^9D8^e;o^;6xi)'dad||c||
CHAPTER 11,
Contents. The great king Dharmardya enquires of Vida^
Vydsa the mode of performing the horse-sacrijlcey and by theadvice of Krishna sends Bhima^ for the horse.
Verse 1. Within theegg
of Bramhais the earth, 500,000,000
yojanas^ in extent, and encircled by the seven seas ^. In the
centre (of the earth) is the celebrated Jambu Dwipa. In the
midst of this the bright golden mountain^ glitters to theeye
like^ the aggregate beauty of the celestial nymphs met for per-petual
happy intercourse, or a mass of autumnal lightning^.
2. On the south of this golden mountain stands Hastindpura,
renowned for its kings of the lunar race crowned with imperial
1. His brother. Kusa Dwipa, the sea of clarified batter,
2. About 4,600,000,000 miles. Krauncha Dwipa, the sea of cards, S"ka
3. The seven great insular continents Dwipa, the sea ofmilk,Pashkara Dwipa,
and the seven seas are supposed to form and the sea of liresh water.
alternate concentric circles : Jambu Dwi- 4. Mount M^ru.
pa in the centre encircled by the sea of 5. lit. so that one involantarily ex-salt water ; then in outward succession claims, Is this the aggregrate beauty, "c.
Plaksha Dwipa, the sea of sugar-cane 6. Lightning of the wet season, more
juice, Salmali Dwipa, the sea of wine, brilliant by contrast with the dark clouds.
s^
7
JAIMINI BHARATA,
I "S^^^7i^p7^7S^%l"^:^^Jk)^t^^o'^'fiolS7i"R^si^oZi!^^^^j|-D||
' i3oSfc5i)^ji)^a'd-dzS^^^rs-6oTi"8tf?oSb53tf(5iDoi38o^^e;^-I
[ 7oo^S^^?t"-;5^o7;J")^rfoZ;t5'd^'d8p-d^TJ7g^^7|5(5i)^||S||
vzffT^Sj^^^-S^cjai9!^;;5T^5o^:3^^-dT35a7dT)irfjs;2i^05[
;3U9'rfo^-d^^^^Co373;t"^DDC5i)'do
8393'?j)T5;5-dc5S:x"5ilA.-d7St)^^T5^^7Sj"
fe^9fjae5o3^T5Ti"^8rf'd^i;^5^o.'doXai"db7^T;l90sTOn^Idominion. Its sovereign,kingJanam^jaya,with eager and fixedattention,thus demanded of V^da Vy"sa, from the wonderful
storyof the Maha Bh"rata, an account of the horse-sacrifice:"
3. Formerly, when the F"ndus had vanquishedthe Kurusand obtained imperialdominion, how did theyprotectthe earth?what did they? When Janam^jaya,guardianof theworld^,with joy made these enquiriesof Jaimini Muni, he, to thedelight o^f all generations,thus related to the king the pleasingand excellent storyof the Bh"rata: "
4. Hear, O king, the story of the P"ndus; is it not to theincrease of merit ? After he had overcome the monarch Suyo-dhana in battle,Dharmar"ya in conjunctionwith his youngerbrothers so improvedthe empireof Hastin"purathat the world
praisedhim, sayingBharata, Niala,Nahusha, and allother kingscannot be mentioned as having so great excellence.
5. In the country ruled by the goodkingDharmar"ya" what
7. An epithetfor king. 8. lit.as an ear-ornament.
CHAPTER It. 9
t^6i3ct)tS^^ildaS2o"^5X"^o83a^"^63d3oj5"^c;tSToc;tSD o3oooi;5aJ:"s-^^(33oo'6i"S7"5a";i^e;7Sj")5fj5)||8||
chall I say ?" there did not appear even the germ of theft,mur-der,adultery,lying,robbery,enmity,persecution,deceit,fear,
dread, toil,harshness,insolence,alarm,contention,anger, im-purity,
complaint,imprisonment,ingratitude,trouble,destruc-tion,abuse, injustice,evasion, trickery,revenge, vexation^
oppression,separation,weariness,or severity.6. But in the country where the chief of men ^, Dharmar"ya,
reigned,righteousness,skill,fame,happiness,enjoyment,love,hospitality,humility,good fortune,wealth,victory,renown,learning,blessedness,health,ease, perfecttruth,unfailingvi-gour,
observance of caste, devotion,virtue,superhuman power^"",meekness, moderation,liberality,apd compassionwere in thehighestestimation,and abounded,
7. In the land protectedby Dharmardya crookedness,unstea-diness,hardness,thinness,or slowness had no existence except
in the abundant curls,quickglance,breasts,waist, and gaitofbeautiful young damsels^^ Madness, painof fetters,enmityto
9. An epithetfor kiiig. of beauty; there was no trickery,fickle-10. Supposed to be attainable by vo- ness, cruelty,emaciation,nor dulness in
luntaryausterities "c. the land.11. i. e. onlywhere theywere marks
10 JAIMIKI BHARATA,
Sari, (Krishna,or the lion,)and stupidity,were found onlyinthe herds of elephants^^^
8. In Dharmar"ya'skingdom ahitatwa was found onlyin thecharmers' books,ddnawdrana in the forest,saddruna in the glowof the beautiful coral,kalahamsamaya in the lakes,hdravalayaon the necks of the lily-eyed,anikdgraUin the trees,mahdshokain the green forest,mdrahita in the Spring," but had no exis-tence
elsewhere^^,
9. Kod^ (I won't give)was the name for a parasol,j^oef(^beathim) the abdomen, kadk (cut him down) the command to churnwith good-will,ali (killhim) a bee, tork (have nothing to dowith him) a stream of water, madi, (destroyhim) a clean gar-ment,
mudi (putan end to him) a female's top-knot,/at^e(crushhim) an unbroken canopy of clouds,ar^ (poundhim) a largerock. Except in these senses the words were not uttered in
the country where he reigned^*.
12. The references here are to the fury sivans, and tumults ; necklacesiand criesof the elephantin the ruttingseason, its of the perishing; many extremities,andbeingcaught and bound, itsnatural en- dissensions ; the largeA8h6ka tree, andmity to the lion, and itsheavy appear- intense grief;joy to Cupid, and absenceance, vvhich is attributed to dulness. of wealth. The poet means that the
13. The words in italics have a double thingsindicated by the latter senses didsense, and mean severally,the knowledge not exist.of serpents, and enmity; furious ele- U. i. e. not used in the senses marked
phants,and the restrainingof liberality; by brackets,perpetual redness,and fear; flocks of
CHAPTER 11. II
"6v "djon^ig^pa^^Bs-X^^Q5o(yov;"53^^7\""57o'djsI
"^c;"d:)oXor3ai"o^^s-e"roT557i5i)s-^arf"6c -^dooty;)o3t)"dSX)^^^X7do?ii5^oe--atf^-6Ji7o*d^^""c""a"^je"||oo||
"d7d"ioi::5(2;^75i""5X^A"?"7j7Sje)zS^o^^o0'i^i:5(^^^ae"5(^jS5X^sl"(yi5ji"zS5^0^^Fi)'^^5i^"^ri*de;js"Ie;7CT$i5^T3je"5C^^^?d^ep^X^^j")oti-d'zSj""zS(";io7)^^o"^oX'dsi)^c5Jj^^7d"ocr3(^??j""X7od0^tar;"tvdo\a87^75jea^36^?,"T5ac55^?oi"u;"7iB;^Kt"("oai-5d^||oo[
10. In his kingdom all were Bhogis^ ;^ yet not inhabitants ofof hell. All were Vidyddharas^ ;^ yet not peopleof the air.All were known to be Ddkshinyawartis^'^; yet not natives of
Ceylon. All were 5'wmaw("ra^a5^8;yet not bees. All were Gwm*-
yutas^^;yet not inflexible. All were Kdntdramitas'^^ ; yet not
trees (orwicked.)11. If it were not blissful by riches, (gods,)salubrious by
perfumes,(theproduceof K"madh^nu^* ,)eternallysuited (asaresidence)to the pure-minded,(gods,)happy by itsbeautifullakes,(nymphs,)and gardens,and the resplendentpalaceof theillustrious emperor, (Dharmar"ya or Indra,) would the learned
say that this Hastindvati is equalto Amar"vati^^ ?12. The spotlessfame of Dharmardya has alwaysbowed the
16. A term for persons livingin luxu- 19. Virtuous;also bow*.
ry ; and the name of the serpents that 20. Connubially happy; also havinginhabit P"tdla. only the limited enjoyment of the fo-
16. Learned perisons ; also a class of rest.
demigodsdwellingin the air. 21. The cow produced at the churning17. Bountiful ; also persons inhabiting of the sea; which belongsto the gods,and.
the south; i.e. Ceylon, the supposed giveswhatever is desired.placeof B"kshasas or demons. 22. The city of Indra, famed for th"
18. Lovers of the good; also fond of the thingswithin the parentheses.Sumanassu flower.
12 JAIMiNt BHARATA,
king of serpents23; expelledthe wisdom of Indra's mightyelephant^*;fixed in amazement the City-destroyer'sloftymountain's ; made the dwellingof Him who reclines on theking of serpents jadadhi^ ;^ hollowed out the weapon of theBenefactor of the mighty elephantwhich praisedhim'^. putto flightthe daughterof Him who supported the churningmountain's ; and shone greatlythroughoutthe three worlds.
23. Pure whiteness is the Hindu at-tribute
of fame ; and is, in this verse,fiven in full measure to the fame ofDharmaraya.
The chief of thd serpent race is said to
support the earth on his thousand heads,which are adorned with jewelsso brilli-ant
thatywithout a sun, they giveabun-dantlightto the regionsunder the earth.
Tliepoet here informs us that the bend-ingof the head is not owing, as vulgarly
supposed,to the weight of the earth ; butthat the serpent, though himself of themost snowy whiteness, cannot liftup hishead in the presence of Dharmardya'sfame.
S{4.The elephantof Indra was produ-cedat the churningof the milk sea, and
is of perfectwhiteness ; but is so far sur-passedby the whiteness of Dharmardya's
fame that he stands in a state of stupor.Stupidityis said to be a natural qualityelephants.The poet thus accountu for it*
36. PuRAMARDANA, the city-destroy-er, is a name of Shiva,whose residenceis Kaildsa, a mountain believed to be of
pure silver,and brilliantlywhite. Informer ages, it is said, all the moun-tains
had wings ; but their flightswereproductiveof so much mischief and dan-ger,
that Indra struckofftheirwings withhis thunderbolts,and fixed them in theirpresent position.But the poet here at-
tributesthe fixed position of Kail^a
to its standing in astonishment at thewhiteness of Dharmar"ya's fame.
26. Vishnu makes the kingof serpentshis couch, and in the Krishna incarna"tion had his residence in the milk-sea.Jadadhi signifiesboth "*sea" and "stupi-dity."
Dharmar^ya's,fame exceeded themilk-sea in whiteness.
27. The allusion here is to the storyof
a certain kingwho, by the curse of a rishibeoame an elephant. As he went oneday to a late for Water, a largecrocodileseized his leg,and attempted to drag himunder. When the contest had conti-nued
about a thousand years, th*iking'sunderstandingreturned,and he prayedto Vishnu, who slew the crocodile, and
gave the kingeverlastingblessedness.One of Vishnu's weapons is a large
white conch, which became hollow be-causeIts whiteness was exceeded by the
purityof Dharmaraya's fame.28. To support the mountain Mandara
which was used as a stick in churningthe milk-sea,Vishnu became incarnateas a huge turtle,and upheld it on hisback. The Ganges is his daughter,i. e.sprung from his foot. She is said tobe perfectlywhite,but runs away ("othe poet accounts for her stream,) fromthe superiorwhiteness of t)harmar"ya*sfame.
CHAPTER II. 18
]^Orfj3"drd^8p^l5sl"oai^^^7^0^1537j
13. The world extolled Dharmar"ya as, like Vishnu, power-ful; (relatedto Bala^^ ;)like Shiva,king of kings,(moon-crest-ed;)
like Bramha, eloquent,(four-faced;)like the chief of wa^ters, (thesea,) abounding injewels^^^;like the fount of day,free from blemish ; like Indra, delightedby the possessionof
perfumes,(Kamadh^nu) like the nectar-rayed(the moon,) pos-sessingwide domain, (accompaniedby full-blown lotuses.)
Thus it was when one day V^da Vy"sa arrived at Hasti-n"vatL
14. On his arrival,when the king with his brothers prostrat-edhimself at the good Muni's feet,he, stooping,raised him,
caressed him, gave him a benediction,and the sacred rice ; andwhen he had received the customary honours, and was seated,the king bowed his head with grieflike a delicate mango treedroopingin a blazingmidsummer's sun when not a breath ofair is stirring,and remained silent.
15. When the chief of Munis saw the king'scondition,hesmiled,and thus demanded of him :" O king, the state of yourcountenance destroysthe increase of your happinesswho conductall the world's empire*". Enough ; tell me your distress. The
29. Vishnu's brother. In this verse the 31. The idea intended is that, the
meanings in parenthesesrefer to the dei- king's dispiritedcountenance indicatedtiesmentioned;the others to Dharmaraya. such sorrow of heart as nullified all the
30. The sea is supposedto contain all happinessthat be had from universal do-jewels, minion.
//
14 JAIMINI BHARATA,
"
" A" O
7;S^'^c;^5l)oso^a)""oz;5^Tj?i^z3i"a7S^8;iT5oT^"e^?i^""(5oj5)^^||o8||king replied,My bellyis dried up with grieP2,I cannot endureit. To which the hermit :"
16. Who shall carry a torch for the sun when he cannot find
his way in the thick darkness? Who shall fan the wind^s when
he perspiresby the unintermitting,intense heat? Who shallcharm amulets when Garuda'** is dyingfrom the infection ofsubtle poison? O king, who shall relieve you when you giveway to pressinggrief?
17. As he spoke the kinglooked at the great Muni, and, witha deep sigh,slowlyreplied.How can I cease my mental grief?Alas! We devised evil againstthe ancestor who reared us from
infancy35^ Not knowing that he was our elder brother,we slewKarna^s. ^e brought about the death of our preceptor37.Suyodhana, Shalya, our nearest relatives,we destroyed.Whyshould I longerlive in the world?
32. lit.is become pith,a light,sapless 36. The mother of the Pdndus boresubstance, well known in India. Kama to the sun, before her marriage.
33* Befarded as a deity. This was not discovered tillhis death;34. The braminy kite, which feeds on and then onlyby her lamentation,
snakes ; also regarded as a deity.^
37. Dr6na, who was slain in battle by36. Bhishma, their grandfather'sbro" a device when theywere net able to con-
ther,whom they slew in battle. quer him.
16 JAIMINI BHARATA^
ing to the forest,instead of upholdingthe world hy justgover-ment? The king replied:"
21. Hear me, my lord; but without Kama, G"ng^ya*^,Drona, Shalya,and the other Kurus, I have no pleasureinuniversal dominion. I will placethe world under Bhima, and
carry to retirement in the forest,this body that caused the
slaughterof my race. V^da Vyisa laughingheartily,said,What's that? What's that? Say that again,O king.
22. In observingthe duties of a Kshetrya,can you sin by the
slaughterof your race? God forbid! And will you become
pure by ceasingto protectthe earth? I don't know. I wonder inwhut chapterand verse you found the notion of takingthat bodyof yours to the forest! Very well !very well I Be off to the forest
with you ; and we'll make Bhima king^^.88. Son of Dharma ! are you mad ? Will the wise approve when
you talk thus ? Enough! Let that pass. Kingsof the lunar racecannot but offergreat sacrifices. Therefore,that you may have
41. Bhishma, son of Ganga. 42. i.e. you need not wait to do that.
ACHAPTSR n. 17
^S)os-^i5'^;5pf7s'*"8l-c"5ji"?\8"^^'6c"7^"A/5"jATi^ioT:$^||_r"3||
in tbe world unsullied renown, you shallperformsacrificesandother virtuous deeds ; and, delivered from the sin contracted bythe slaughterof your race, shall live purely. The king,withjoinedhands*',thus replied:"
24. Well then,by the virtue of your benediction,I will con-tinueto govern the earth. Tell me by what means the sin of
slayingmy race may be wiped away ! Protect me, that therenowned historyof the lunar race may not stink throughme !Graciouslycause my good fortune to dawn ! The good Munireplied:"
25. Be not troubled,my son. Formerly R"ma slew R"va-na**, and at a horse-sacrifice satiated the bramins. You also
shall performa similar sacrifice,and there will not be your equalin the three worlds." ^How shall I performit? What descrip-tion
of horse? How many priests? What amount of gifts?Tellme the manner ! The lord of Munis replied:"
43^,As is done in respectfulsalutation inghim had committed braminicide,theor entreaty. greatestof all sins;and performedtbe
44. lUvana, beinga bramin as allthe horse-sacrificeto fttonefor it.T"kshasas or demons are, Rama in kill-
^
C
';
/"
18 JAIMINI BHARATA^
7j^^^?foe;t)83=t"'dXof";S^"rfFt)7oiTSo
oi"^^?"X^OTjZSTl"ro^c55ji"?S?fo^Tis-^^(5i)ot?j""^a)""iTO
26. A monarch who governs well all the earth by his singlesceptre^s^havingprocuredan eleganthorse whose body isof the
purestwhite, with a most beautiful .yellowtail,good action,and a singleear of brilliant black," and beingalso desirous ofofferingthe greatsacrifice," by him it will be perfectlyaccom-plished.
Hear, O king,lamp of your race, what is to be done.27. Twenty thousand bramins honest, undefiled,strict,of
noble descent,well versed in the vedas and shastras must behonoured with beautiful garments and other respectfulatten-tions.
To each severallymust be givena measure of pearls,amagnificenthorse,elephant,and chariot,a thousand cows richlyadorned,(withjewels,"c.)and three hundred poundsweightofgold.
28. When this number of bramins of high caste,strict,virtu-ous,and well versed in the vedas and shastras,have received
these most gratifyinghonours, sat in council,and givendirec-tions,
theyfix upon the horse's forehead a goldenplateon which
45. lit.by one parasol. The large parasol;i.e. having allthe world underparasolis the mark of royalty;and an his singleauthority,universalmonarch is called a lord of one
CHAPTER II. 19
D oS7oo^^aTi^Je"(5i"^^z;5oS;^^^5^i5^a75p5T;5^^ji)^j"||3o||
are inscribed the king'stitles and this challenge:" If in theworld any be of greatermightylet such powerfulheroes*^,detainthis horse.
29. They liberate the horse;which goes wheresoever itwills,attended by numerous princeswho satiate the world by scatter-ing
from time to time heaps of jewels and gold. If in anyregionit be detained by valiant heroes,the princesmust rescueit. If theyallfail,the king himself must go and release it.
30. Until the horse has roamed at will throughthe earth foran entire year, and returned to its own land,the kingmust keepthe greatAsipatravow, and afterwards,accordingto the vedasperformthe sacrifice. This,O son of Kunti, is the manner. If
you are able,undertake it. The despairingking slowlyre-plied:"
81. Treasure I have none. If I seek it in the world, the
46. i.0. none oUierf "
ItO JAlMnCI BHABjLTA^
ps;i"^7izi)i:;^i"di(*s;t:iGa9^^^ l|3o||
""c5S^7ooSjt"C"^^oi3o5^^ii-"u"^?\7?;ierd7o5ofot3^ ((3-X||
JiiWsix)^oa^(5Jo^^xiTJ*)055iD5^?;5';3c5i:"^W^?^||33||earth is afflictedthroughthe Kurus^^. A beautiful horse withso many qualities,I have not. My brothers are wearied bywar, I have no assistance. The friend of Arjoon(Krishna)isnot here. How can the sacrificesucceed with me? Vydsa Munigraciouslyreplied:"
82, Be not distressed,O king,on this account. I will show
you treasure,assistance,and a horse. Marutta, king in a for-mer
age, performedthe horse-sacrifice,and gave much gold tothe bramins. In carryingit oflFtheygrew tired by the way,and threw it down in disgust. That treasure is in the Hima-layas.
The labour is not great;fetch and use it. The kingreplied:"
88. Alas ! Will a dolt become brightif you give him the
mad-plant*8? My lord,shall I obtain fame in this world, and
a happy lot in the world to come, by performing,with the pro-pertyof those bramins*^,a sacrificeto efface the sin of murder-ing
my race ?" My son, does not the whole earth belong to the
47. By thebadKOTermentoftbeEiuniB 49. Takingthe propertyofbramiiw Uthe world had been ruined. regardedas one of the greatestsins.
48. A plantthat causes temporary in-
vanity.
CHAPTER II. ftl
bramins*""? Did not Parashur"ma givethis earth to the bra-mins when he had slain the Kshetryarace^^ ?
34 Kings of mighty arm are the lords of the earth. Of thatthere is no doubt. Therefore it cannot belong to the bramins.If you wish^ that treasure in the Himalayas is yours. In the
cityof Bhadr"vati king Youvan"shwa fondlyguardssuch a rarehorse with an army often akshohinis**. Will not that be yours"if you haye the courage?
85. Is this M^ghan4da, offspringof Ghatotkatcha, a weak-
lingss? Is Vrishak^tu,son of Kama, a mere braggart? Your
younger brothers,are they men of littleworth ? If you thinkof him'*,will Krishna stay away. Call not this a great matter.Undertake the sacrifice. It will proceedof itself. Why furtherdoubt? Call the bramin tribes." ^The kinglaughing,looked atthe mighty Bhima ; who thus addressed him :"
50. One of their common names is wlio then refused him permissionto dwell" gods of the earth.'' The questionhere in it.implies that the king, though shrink- 62. An akshdhini consists of 109,360Ulg with horror from touchingthe pro- infantry;66,610cavalry;21,870chariots;psTty of bramins,had taken possession and 21,870elephants.of the eartk,which of rightbelongedto 63. Ghat6tkatcha was the son of Bhi-them. ma by Hidimba. Therefore M^ghan"da
61. Parashur"ma is said to have twenty was Bhima's grandson.one times swept the Kshetrya race from 64. In Hindu stories the hero obtainsthe "ce of the earth. At a sacrifice a^ the presence of a deityimmedialelyenierwards he gave the earth to the bramins, thinkingof him.
22 JAIMINI BHARATA,
^5dio"zSji)zS5i'd"ji)^??a),)"'do3i)^^;;j^oz5o;ijs'd"S^ai5^||36_|(
T^^aao-zSj^zS-do^^o^cra-doT^aS^zS^^^zfTi^^ftS^oTS^||38||
83X;Coro^oi""-ol)oS'd"oTSjt)ti;i;:i5'^^-do7:i"^ofo"rf^||3^||36. Why this doubt, my lord? Begin. V^da Vy"sa has
plainlyshewn you treasure, aid, and horse. I will go to Bha-dr"vati,and may I never enter heaven,if I do not conquer that
Youvandshwa, slaughterthe multitude of his army, bringthehorse,and presentit for the sacrifice.
37. When Bhima made oath that he would bring the horsefor the sacrifice,instantly,Vrishak^tu,the skilfulin battle,rose,and smiling,with joinedhands addressed the king:" Sire,Givem6 command. If Bhima's word be broken, am I sprung fromthe Sun's son^s ? -Mark my prowess.
38. At the youth'searnest speech,the king embracing himin ecstacy,exclaimed.My son, I know thymightyprowess. Buthear me. If besides killingmy elder brother^^ from lust of
territory,I should send thee, my boy, to this war, alas ! howshall I endure it? Let the horse remain. The son of Kama
thus replied:"
55. i.e. I pledgemy nobilityto the fill- 56. Kama the father of Vrishak^a*filment of his promise. See note 36. See note 36.
t4 JAIMINX BHARATA^
himself ^^ cannot stand before him in battle. Enough ! Themighty power that hews down the forest of foes,is not mine.Yet I will seize the horse,and deliver it to your host.
42. On which Bhlma :" ^What thoughthe son of Karna come?What though M^ghan"da come? What thoughI go? If the
power of Vishnu be presentit will succeed. Accompaniedbythese two, I will blot out the name of Youvan"shwa's ocean-
host, obtain the horse,and deliver it to you. Give us the
partinggifts^s.43. Hear, O chief of men, Janam^jya,ornament of the lunar
race! As those three stood entreatingpermissionto fetch thehorse,Dharmardya lookingon V^da Vy"sa,said.Should I nowsend these,will it not cause the least dissatisfactionto Krishna?
Favour me, my lord,for in this matter I cannot see before me.To whom the Muni :"
44. O king,are you insane? Is itpossiblefor Krishna to bedissatisfiedwith you ? Is Bhima who entreats your permission
58. lodra. See note 25. accordingto eastern enstom, as the token59. The beetle leaf and arecanut given, of dismissal*
CHAPTER It. S6
a coward? Let him departwith Vrishak^tu and M^ghan"dafor the horse ; dispatchthis son of the wind^".
In accordance with the meek, persuasivespeechof the chiefof saints,the kinggave to Bhima, M6ghan"da,and Vrishak^tu,his consent.
45. The chief of Munis havingblessed the king,and takenleave,had no sooner set out for his hermitagethan Dharma-
r"ya,givingway to fear,was anxiouslythinkingvrith him-self.If I beginthis sacrifice in the absence of Krishna it will
not proceed; I will now send Arjun to call him ; when " ^likeacreeper entanglingthe legsof one who wanders about seekingit
" a messenger in joyfulhaste approachedthe excellent king,and addressed him :"
46. Attention"i ! My lord,the chief of the Y"davas"" has thisinstant arrived at the skirts of this our city. Hastilythe kingarose, rewarded his message, and set out from the palace,saying,
60. BMma. bar several persons are stationed for this
61, This is apparentlya peremptory purpose; who during a visitof strangers,demand on the part of a servant to his call *" attention*' at intervals of abont a
king ; but a king'smind issupposedto be minute, in order to keep the royalmindalways so deeplyoccupied by the cares awake to the presence of his visitors.of government, as to require continual 62. Krishna.aronsifig.For this reason, in every dar-
26 JAIMINI BHARATA^
How eager is Krishna to fulfilthe desire of his worshippers!Bless me ! I am the most fortunate man in the three worlds ! I
have seen wonders to-day!47. At sunrise came V^da Vy"sa Muni, persuadedDharma-
r"yato performthe horse-sacrifice,and returned. In the same
nightKrishna graciouslyvisited Hastinfipura.And the P"ndu
princesmet him with the pomp of loud acclaimingheralds^^^bands of music, and streets of torches^*.
48. The king then saw him whose lovelycountenance shonewith the beautyof his brilliant,jewelledcrown, well arrangedtresses, the musk on his broad forehead^',handsome eyebrows,largeeyelids,long eyes, fine nose, gentlesmile that slightlyshewed his brightteeth,and ear-dropspendenton his cheeks "the abode of fascination " the very form that begatthe perfectlybeautiful Cupid^^.
63. Kings are always attended by a colours of lightsdisplayed,givethem annumber of heralds who loudlyproclaim imposing appearance.their titlesand greatness. 65. The sectarian mark made with
64. Processions at night are very com- musk.mon ; the number, and often different 66. Itselfhow surpassinglybeautiful !
CHAPTER H. *7
CO
TSoi58^tAsi)^7^8!)$fj""^aoj7oo-dr5^^-d
49. Hear, O lord of earth^^ i To the astonishment of the Mu-nis^,
Vishnu, incarnate in human form, alightedfrom a goldencar, and with a sweet smile fell at Dharmar"ya's feet. The
kinginstantlysteppingaside,bowed at the bud-like feet of the
lotus-eyed^^,who took and embraced him ; and the king affec-tionatelyand tightlyclaspedKrishna in return.
50. Krishna then embraced the prostrateBhima and the
other brothers of the king,and joyfullyproceededto the palace;when P"nch"l^^o came and fellat his feet,saying.Save, O lo-tus-eyed,
Recliner on the kingof serpents.Remover of the sins ofthose who trust in him. Slayerof demons, Upholderof Gover-dhana^i, The yellow-robed.Wearer of the Koustubha jewel7".
51. Krishna kindlyraised the daughterof Drupada, conde-scendinglyaddressed,and gave her permissionto return home.
Then salutingeach accordingto his rank,he graciouslydismis-sedthe countless crowds of citizens and retinue,gave his hand
67. JaDaiD^jya. Krishna is said to have held aloftoa one66. Notwithstanding their incessant hand for seven daysand nights,to shelter
and austere devotion,Vishnu had never the cowherds from a tempent raised by90 appearedto them. Indra to destroythem,because at Krish*
69. Krishna. Feet are often compared na's instigationtheyhad withheld fromto a tender shoot,on account of their de- him the accustomed offerings.licate softness. 72. Produced at the churningof the
70. Droupadi, daughterof Drupada, milk-sea,and worn by Vishnu on hisMid wife of the five Pindu princes. breast.
71"
The name of the mountain that
as JAIMINI BHARATA,
CO 00
to the king,and, accompaniedby the officersof state,proceededto the hall of council,and sat down ; where great was the joyof that day'sijight.
62, Krishna lookinground on the council chamber, which inmagnificenceexceeded the hall of Indra,said with a risingsmile,O king, the world contains no rivals of this your wealth. Inthe conduct of state affairsNala, Pururava, Harischandra andthe other emperors must yieldthe palm to you. In this we areindeed happy.
53. Yes. But what of that ? In the greatnessof those who
worship your feet you are indeed happy ! Is there any doubt ofthis ? Whilst the earth endures,will men cease to call youUpholder of the P"ndus ? Enough ! Direct me what businessof state I must now undertake. The king turned his face to-wards
Bhima; and Krishna laughing,thus replied:"54. Tou have no distant relatives^^; there is not even a hint
of opposingforeignpotentates; nowhere in the world is your73. Who from theirbeingdistant have no affection,yet an interest in plotting,0ee.
CHAPTBR II. t9
?R"8j^a"oT5o55T5s5;)^7ooix"5;5'do8aoTfcw)*ddr"^2iocPI
law resisted ; there are no further conquests to be made ; no ur-gent
chase^^ ; no hostilityin Bhima and Aijoon; no fault inNakula and Sahad^va ; no unfriendliness in the army. O king^what state business have you to do ? To which the king:"
55. Is any thinghid from your feet who pervade all animateand inanimate things? It cannot be. Enough ! Why do youmerely put me to the blush ? To dayV^da Vy"sa Muni came^and graciouslyexplainedto me at a fittingseason^^,the mannerof the horse-sacrifice^sayingthat it was a custom of the lunar
race; and Bhima made oath that he would fetch the horse
for it.
56. By the protectionof your lotus-feet we have passedmanysuccessions of adversity,and obtained royalpower. If then we
selfishlyenjoythis bliss,will the good approve ? What wouldit avail that we are bom of Bharata's race ? How shall I per-form
the world-purifyinghorse-sacrifice? What say you to this?
74. One of the daties as well as amuse- 75. i.e. whilst the king was broodingments of kingiis to rid the country of over the sin of killinghis reUtives.i"Ud1
30 JAIMINI BHARATA^
^Ti^^t^o"rf5^"5So^^7;5!^o^j"^"?vljT558^'^oT5j5^^a'dc^ ll^f8||
67, Krishna replied: Are you mad, O king? Will you be
caught in the noose of Y^da Yy"sa'ssnare ? Don't you knowwhat a scoundrel that Bhima is ? Youvan"shwa's chiefs are not
like those you have hitherto had to do with ; theyare mightyheroes. Because the young bee frequentsthe full blown jasminbush, is it able also to resort to the champaca grove^?^ Say,will you in boyishplayattempt the horse-sacrifice?
58. Krishna revilingBhima to the king continued : If hehad any sense, would this fellow cram his big paunch withfood preparedfor a demon's sacrifice^^? Were he virtuous
76. The smell only of the champaca him with an immense vessel,which heflower is said to killbees. afterwards used in begging;and though
77. As Bbfma and his deeds are often it was filleddaily,he was half-starved,mentioned in the poem, a summary of the As Kunti was thinkingone day whatstory here referred to, is given from the return she could make to the poor braminMahd Bh"rata to shew his person and in whose house they abode, she heard incharacter. his apartment the noise of weeping. 6o-
The Pindu princesescapingwith their ingto the door,she overheard the man,mother from the destruction attempted his wife,daughter,and littleson contend-againstthem by the Kurus, came disguis- ingwith eager affection to be offered ined as bramins to Y^kachakrapatna, and sacrifice to a demon. She entered* andtook up their abode in the house of a poor enquired into the circumftance ; whenbramin. Bhima, Aijuna, Nakula, and the bramin told her that in the neighbour-Sahad^va practisedbegging; and the hood lived a demon who was in the habit,people,guessingthem to be princes,gave f^p m^^y yg^rg, of devouringmultitudesthem food in greatquantity.This they of people. The survivors being kept inbrought to Kunti, who portionedhalf perpetualterror,agreedwith him to fur-to Bhima, the other half to his four bro- nish in turn daily a cart-load of foodthers and herself. But this was not drawn by two buffaloes,and accompaniedenough for Bhima. Having the power by a driver. All these he daily devour-of ten thousand elephants,he one day ed, recompensingthem by keepingthebroughtfor a potterday equal to a bun- country free from allother foes. But Itdred ox-loads. The potter rewarded
any neglectedto come at the appointed
" Digitizedby VjOOQ IC
SS JAIMIMI BHARATA^
of a bear"" ?^ Oho ! I wonder who is the most terrificform in
the world ! I know your thoughts. The promise I have givenI will not break.
60. Krishna waggishlyreplied:No, no! You are not theman to break a promise; 1 know you fully.Once in battle,ogre-like,you gluttedyour stomach by drinkingblood withunloa thingeagerness^^ Disgracefulthis! Is it an ornament to
your prowess ? Go, you cook^^ 1 You fear no reproach.61. To whom Bhima : Well-a-day! Fearingreproach,I sup-pose,
you committed theft and adulteryssf Though a woman
you didn't understand cooking,of course"* ! I wonder who it wasthat,without disgust,sucked the demon's life^ ! But what has a
80. To reeoTcr a certain jewel,Krishna 84. When the amhrosia wa" producedftmght with and oyercame J"mbaTanta, by churning the milk^sea, Vishnu tookking of the bears ; who gave him his the form of a beautiful^woman to cheat
daughterto wife. the demons out of their share. He fasci-al.Bhima publiclyaverred that he nated them by his beautywhilst the gods
would slay,and drink the blood of Dush- drunk their portion,and carried off the
y"sana;which he did. ^eMel t"""t contained it.-*The point of
82. During the year that the P"ndus Bhima's remark is, you arc more a cook
were requiredto spend incognito,Bhima than I, having been a woman ; whose
assumed the disguiseof a cook. chief duty is cooking.83. Krishna when a child stole butter ; 85. Whilst Krishna was a child,Pdta*
and is thence called,Nayanitach6ra. In na, an infant-destroyingogress, attempt-addition to eightwives, he had a hundred ed his life. Any child,to which she gateothers,and the sixteen thousand mention- the breast,died. When she gave the
ed in note 80. breait to KriikAft,he drained her hh.
CHAPTfiR It. S3
cSi^tf^iv/")ii"d^^Ti"a8g=t"'dilr")^^^^a5)oax)iS^q^jf)"d^e/JiofoTS|^|e d||
K^;59a""Je"^oo65^cSoT5'd-d^o^5?9N^s3t)a3""^7;5sSj5^8^"dSo^^^j5)y30Ti3s-^7i35^o'rf^||e-3||
^"^T^js^^tii^ai^ig)d^7;5^8tf38o5-^?^'rf-dotfoi5i-5c5i)o^5oiT5oTSi?37o^^Icowherd to do with a king^c? I fear to say more. My wordI will not hreak. I'llfetch the horse. Do you performthe sa-crifice,or abandon the attempt.
62. Krishna^laughingat Bhima's speech,replied,Come^come !
you are never tired of quarrelling.If you are desirous offetchingthe horse,be off with you ! Cease your idle prate? Igive you command. But mind, there's trouble before you;there are heroes in the world. To undertake this sacrificeis
difficult; when begun, not to completeit is a dishonour to therace"^. Take care how you undertake it. The kingreplied:"
63. My lord,if we have but the favour of your feet,we are eversuccessful. Whomsoever else we have,what can theydo ? Whatis there impossiblewith you ? You must graciouslysupport me.
The king spoke,and fellat Krishna's feet,who took hold ofhis crown, and raised him up, saying, Is there in all the racsof kingsa kinglike you ? What then is this horse-sacrificeto
you ? Undertake itI I will be present and conduct it.
64. Hearingthe words of Kriphna, the king was overjoyed,SS. Krishna had been brought tip a- 87. The maririoal readingis, To Mm-
mongst cowherds ; Bhima was of royal pletethe sacrificeadonis the race.deioent,
B
84 JAIMINI BHARATA,
resolved on performingthe sacrifice,commanded Bhima,Vrisha-k^tu, and M^ghan"da to fetch the horse ; then dismissed thecouncil,dined sumptuouslywith Krishna in the palace,and
soughtrest on a beautiful swan-down couch,justas the chario-teerof the sun appeared.
65. Crimson suffused the east ; the stars fled away ; a cool
breeze sprung up ; the lotus expanded; the young bees boomedalong; the chakras paired^s; the lilydrooped;the sun, in radi-ant
glory,climbed the eastern mountain's top, to see whitherthe encamped hosts of darkness had fled^^.
66. Through the joy of reflecting," How is it that to-dayV^da Vy"sathe chief Munis kindlyvisited me, and commandedme to performthe horse-sacrifice? How is it that immediatelyafterwards Krishna graciouslyappeared?"" the king at oncecast away sleep,arose, and held a council.
67. Then came Bhima, prostratedhimself at the king'slotus-
88. These birdt are said to roost apart, 89. The sun is representedas alwaysinand paironlyin the day. pursuitof his foe,tht darkness.
CHAPTER III. Sd
Z5^-^^6i:^i^^^^XTif*5t^o'^'ri^^75^^s"^^||6-8||
^^iXorfb^^^'rfjA^S^O^Oc"jaei^j^oaj^LozS^iiiTiiS||o(|feet,received permissionto depart,appointedArjoon to guardthe king, called M^ghandda and Yrishaketu, took with himthese two heroes, called for his chariot,worshippedthe feetof Vishnu of Devapura, and, accompaniedTjya multitude ofheralds,set out from Hastin"vati.
CHAPTER III.
Contents. Bhima sets out from Hastindtati. From the sum-mitof a neighbouringmountain, he fondlypointsout to
VrishaMtu the greatnessofBhadrdvati,
Verse 1. Hear, O lord of earth,(Janam^jya)the continuanceof the story: By successive journeysBhima, Vrishak^tu,andM^ghan"da entered the kingdom of Bhadr"vati ; which glist-ened
with the prideof being like Krishna, in ever possessingthe hand of the faultless Lakshmi*
,
ever resplendentby thecelebrated' t(?anawid/^*
,
and the progenitorof Cupid^.1. The words mean also,receiving 2. Krishna's garland;also,lines of
wealthy tribate. groves.3. Or, inspiringlove.
36 JAIMINI BHARATA^
CO ^
CO
7vo8^7dzS'f"rfjo83ll)O83X^83^dJ0i8-oiB?i^ri8^erde;XF"^I
J^8JXo"7o"rf;;ij"^xiTO^X^8^*rf9
iS^cSiDTS^^/oX^o^S^T);5T5X^e^Tfe-lJc5i"ZJ^v;e)^oX^Ool"plSe;i"-5j5"^8#o5oo';^'^(5S^iJ8^e;oX^o^Ti3f"")Ti"r"^q?i""^c5i5o^;io5-^^I
2. Everywhere the wealth of that country displayeditself;on all sides flowingrivers a^nd lakes ; on all sides lotus-pools,and ponds;on all sides fieldsof gems, standingcom, and artifi-cial
mountains of preciousstones ; on all sides roamingherds ofcattle,and elephants; on all sides musk deer,and hirds; on allsides architectural dwellings,and inhabitants*
.
3.Throughoutthe kingdom there was no placewithout a town,no town ungirtby groves, no grove that glowed not with themango'sradiant shoot,no mango'sradiant shoot unclimbed bycreepers, no creeper unbowed by clusteringflowers,no flowerunsought by swarmingbees,no bees but floated on the bosom ofthe gale,no galeunwafted o'er the coolinglakes,no lake un-studded by the gracefulswan.
4. Though prompted by envy one seeks,in that kingdom hefinds no fruitlessfields,no poolunclad with floweringlilies,nomountain uneffulgentwith the lustre of preciousstones, no
grove but laughed to scorn the young dawn's earlyray, no
4. The beauty of this and some of the ingenioususe of similarlysomidiagwords;followingverses consists chieflyin tk" wUck cannot be imitated in a translatioD.
CHAPTER III. 37
Tdboa"d"3o7?ja^;5"ot^Siis--i^oi)^c3i"'dtf^X-d^^ai3'da"|je-(|
T5j""^9X^/Sj^XoTj7o^^tfo7doSX)^^'db";a;"9X^^^Xoxi5^ja^rfa5)^e;T5s-7"pe^;5poa:t);iT5Xyt"I
sounds but such as dissipatethe ear'sfatigue n^o peopleforwhom there sprung not joyeternal.
5. In every part of that country," like parrot-flocks,frightedby the watchers' scream, and risingagainto the air whence theyhad alightedupon the tender ears of grain," the green lustreofthe tall-grownsugarcane vigorous a^nd glisteningby the sidesof the standingcrops, spreadsitselfto the sky, a wonder to thetravellers'gaze.
6. As ifnoddingwith delightto the coolingbreeze,the fra-granceof the burstinglotus-buds,and the music of booming
bees, the goldenrice-queengentlywaves her head ; whilst thedamsels in her ceaseless service,chasingthe parrot-flocks,retard(bytheir beauty)the travellers'step.
7. Inhalingthe scent of the rice-plots,the perfumeof the nu-merouswatching damsels, the odour of the ever-flowering
masses of trees and creepers, and the full fragranceof therefreshinggale gentlywaftingover the path of troopingbees
38 JAIMINI BHARATA,
7^9X^zi"XoTi7?^a7i"^TS^tfu^7jXF-f^n^^5^"S/^^v")||8||
;5^atf";9D-^^T57ca""^8"dJoS)5^8"Dc55385"3^^ri^^d")^g)i5^o3joi58ao'rfT5^i^tf6-y;"a)^"c5JO'd^J9||vr-||
intoxicated with the richlyperfumedpollenof the fresh goldSnlotuses floweringin limpid pools," the travellers lose theirfatigue.
8. On every road the thirstytravellers are refreshed in coolsheds with sparklingwater poured from gobletsby attendant
maids; but excite the damsels' mirth, as, fixed in admirationof their beauty,they,with face averted from the flowingstream,sitgapingto the air^
.
9. As nectar flowingfrom a largeripemango in the midst oftender leaves,peckedby a parrot'sbeak, the stream of waterliberated by the fingerfrom the goldengobletin the damsel'shand, and tingedwith the hue of her rich champacacomplexion,captivatesthe eye .^
5. The erection,especiallyin the hot the vessel isheld in the hand. By remor-season, of sheds where water is gratu- ingthe finger,a small stream is directeditouslysuppliedto travellers,is one of to the traveller'smouth, who receives itthe many ways of acquiringfame and re- in a sittingposture,
ligiousmerit. 6. The goldengobletis compared to aThe attendants at these sheds use a ripemango, the hand to tender shoots,
round vessel with a small hole in the Ride, the forefingerrestingon the hole to aon which the fore-fingeris placedwhilst parrot'sbeak.Ace.
4(X JAIMINI BHAKATA,
^^^X^X"A?76;5o*5^feff)T^7"^db^c#dl)o^s/^5TSoZj^||o3||
orityto Amar"vati and Alak"pura;saying,How many peoplesoever it contain, Amar"vati is known as the residence of
Tridashajana^.
How far soever famed throughoutthe threeworlds, Alak"purais known as the placeof Chuhya
.^
What-ever
number of inhabitants,whatever fame I have, I have notfrom the same source such blemiahes^o.
14. Son of Kama, look ! Is that the brightgleamingcreeperon the White mountain's brow"? Or is it the lightning'sflashon a mass of white brilliant clouds ? Or is it the moon's brightorb on Shiva's crest ? Ah! I see ! 'Tis the radiance of the creeper-forms of the lily-eyedpromenading the terraces of the city's
' polishedmansions.16. In the streets, dazzlingto the eye, shone the beautyof
the eaves adorned with festoons of russet branches, graceful,fresh,and glittering^^^" lines of templeswith their gleaming
8. lit.persons of three states;1.e. gods, tain but thirtypeople. And though Ala-as havingchildhood,youth,and maturity, kdpura be famous as the residence of thebut not subjectto old age. Their cityis Guhyas, it may be understood to be ud-Amarivati. Tridashajanasignifiesalso kno^vn, a placeof no renown.thirtypeople. 11* Shw^ta, one of the seven ranges of
9. The name of a class of demigodswho mountains enumerated by Hindus."Someattend on Kub^ra the god of wepJth, and creepers and grasses are said to be phos-whose cityis Alak"pura. Guhya means phorescent.also secret,unknown. 13. On auspiciousoccasions stringsof
10. i. e. though Amarivati be famed as small branches are suspendedover thethe cityof the gods,yet (from the ambi- streets where a processionis to pass,goityof the word) itmay be said to ooa-
CHAPTER III. 41
^^tt,Ti^zS^"io^X-d^v/e"f3^0-3
Ci^K)5o^^c5io^oX9o"rf5je)^c^7Sj""(5ty;)
S?Nl4"cjsX7;5z!j")^^^^e;!?ji)56SoJo-doeSiS?7"^e^^Sc"ua^j/jij||o8||spires^^,rows of parasolsand fly-brushes^*,waving banners withtheir dancingfigures,and the brightnessof clusteringheapsofcoral and pearls.
16. See,my boy,this wonder ! On every side the circlingfor-tificationstouch the sky, so that no ray of the sun or moon can
enter the city;but the darkness is dispersedby the moonlight-smile of the round faced damsels on the crowdingloftymansions,and the mild sunlightof the jewelledvases on the temples'tower-ing
spires.17. Behold the jewelledcrests of the serpent king! who
though inhabitingthe lowest regions,and for ages stooping,and searchingwith his two thousand eyes'*,cannot discoverthe depthof the city'smoat ;" but thinking, " PossiblytheUncreate'6 knows?" is now piercing,and burstingforth from,the earth on his way to ask at Bramha's residence'^. For so the
13. The spiresof templesare surmount- sand times as far as one pair. See p. 12,ed with ornamental vases, which are n. 23.sometimes made of solid gold. 16. Bramha.
14. A fan made of hair to drive away 17. Fourteen worlds are enumerated iflies; used only by persons of distinc- of which the abode of the serpentkingittion. the lowest ; and Satyaloka,the abode of
16* Which are lapposed to see a thou- Bramha, is the highest*F
4J JAIMIIfJ 9HABATA,
aiDe/^o"j5"dF"c?^=sb"dzSo^p5c"5o^^7"
^^X"di5z;5o^o^zSd3ojs5T)76X9",D^^
genipaedg^nglesof the city'sramparts send forth their splendottrto the sky on every side.
18. Lest the rope of air^" should break,and theybe thrown tothe earth,have the demigodssought refuge on the loftyandfirm ramparts of gold inlaid with jewels; and in line,at in-tervals,
fixed their gorgeous palaces?See,son of Kama ! for so
appear, captivatingto the eye, this city'srange of cloud-cappedbastions.
19. See, my son ! at the eightpointsof the city,appearing,wonderful t^ the eye, the goldenflagstaff'stoweringabove themass of ramparts, as if the dust from the anglesof the goldenfortifications,shattered by the stroke of the wheels of the day-jewel'sjewelledcar in his high diurnal course, were rising,alintervals,in thick columns to the sky.
SO, The gardens encompassing the cityglistenan thoughthe city-queenhavingbesoughther favouritedeityto increasethe happinessof her perpetualresidents,and received hev peti-
}". ps ivl)}ri9tMf houses "re ^qait. ent regions. Those here referred t^ ia*Yarioas kinds of dS9)lg""^"IPtobUiUkf- liM% th" ftiF.
Ca4VT"B IIT. 48
tion," ^had immediatelyand joyfullyput on her verdant dress'^;or like the fresh green leaves veilingthe lotus-faceof ladyearth^.
2L Agitatingthe sparklinglimpidlakes,scatteringthe pollenof the openingflowers,with rampant furydashingthe.trees andcreepers, and accompanied by swarms of bees, thQ clear gentlegale,like a maddened elephant,roams at will throughoutthegrove^*;whilst,on every side,the kokiles cry "Away! awa^y ! "
warning the lonelylovers22.23. Do you see, my son, in the city'sbudding groves, the
flocks of peafowlever struttingwith delight,taJkingfor thund-
19. Vews are very common amongst liquidoo^es from tbeirtempIeR,of whicliHindus, 'j'heyare made in sickness, in bees are fond. The propertiesof an 4%askingfor prosperity,"c., and generally greeablebreeze are gentleness,in whlokby females ; who wben paying them, go to itresembles the slow gaitof the elephant;the temple in their best garments and coolness,*which it receives from passingornaments, and girdedwith small fresh over sheets of water ; fragrance,which ilbranches of the margosa tree. has from the pollenof flowers,"o., m^
20. The lotus flower is surrounded by bees track the fragrantbreeze as thej[^dogreen leaves. See verse 12. the elephant.
21. At a certain season it U extremely 92. The K6kile resembles tbe cuckoadangerouHto meet a wild elephant sepa- in habits,and its note is much admired,rated from the herd. Tn this state their It is here representedas warning sepam*furyshews itselfin rollingabout in water, ted lovers against the delicious breeze,t"kingup dust in their trunks and scat- which is as dangerovM to them (inexeit-teringit on allsides,seizingand dashing ing theirunavailiBgpassion,)as a furioatevery thingsthai comes m tb" w4iy { vid a elephantis to those vhon, Ui m^"te"
44 JAIMINI BHARATA,
i;J)^Xv'xSDoX5j")*^2^s-^(rfo^^"soofcpXrs)o^zSc5i)c;'dTiaT"S;5S7d^
eQ7\'dS)^;4'8ii^;ia-dSo7v^jD^XtSo5"i5^Zi{o8"'dCit)^OTI
O^X^si"?\'dL"^5oOc5oj""^Xol)0^^033
t^o?cit)X^^;ig^^X^^si)e/^o83tc55D
er-clouds,the thick crowdingswarms of husy hooming bees ;for lightning,the soft effulgenceof the shoots and creeper-budsperpetuallydancingto the breeze ; and for rain,the nectar-dropsdistillingfrom the luscious flowers^^ ?
23. Deeming the circlingfootprintsof the swan-flocks on thepollen-coveredground to be the signsof Cupid'smysticserpent-charm, written and placedthere to deter all lonelylovers fromthe grove, " and mindful of their own nocturnal separation,andafraid^*,see there the chakras flutteringin haste to efface thelines.
24. Behold! my son, the sprinkledofferingsof the cocoa-budsscattered by the gentlebreeze,the handfuls of flowers from theunsullied clusters,and the libations of milk flowingfrom the
ruddy nuts compressedand brightlyshiningon the largeandcrowded bunches," as thoughthe gladforest-queenworshippedthe goddessearth^.
23. Peafowl are said to manifest the 25. In worship,coloured rice oyer whichgreatestpleasureduringa thunderstorm, incantations have been uttered,is sprink-
24. See p. 34, n. 88. led upon the objectworshipped,or in pre*
CHAPTER III. 46
25. Everywhere the grove is beautiful with fresh aboundingshoots,the beautiful kokile's incessant song, showers of nectar
drippingfrom the clusteringflowers,the hum of booming beeswheelingin uncontrolled delight,boughs burdened with fruitlargeand fullyripe,the fragrantmango beaming with the par-rots'
beauty26a^nd swellingbanks.26. The Mudiwdla^'^ wondering why the grove completely
wearies with the high delightof every pleasurablescent theBhogi^^ race of earth ; yet,wanting in affection to the pureBhogirace, affords them not k singlefragrantpleasure," extendsitsroot ; whilst " like an ill-starred^^ not perceivingtreasure,the unconscious troopsof bees flywheelinground.
sence of it ; flowers are poured from the roots are much esteemed. The centrecavityformed by joiningthe bands. Here root strikes deeperthan the lateral,andthe male flowers of the cocoa tree are re- is here represented as reaching t^o theferred to,which burst from a thick mem- lowest region.brane that resembles the hands held as 28. See p. II, n. 15.above. Water, or milk is also poured,or 29. The stern law of fate is commonlyplacedbefore the idol ; here the milk of illustrated by the story of a poor braminthe cocoanuts is said to be expressedby whom the goddess of wealth determinedtheir growing so closelytogether.In all to enrich,and showered down an immensethese verses the chief design is to shew quantity of goldin his path as he was onethe abundance of every delightfulobject, day returning home. Just as he came
26. The plumage of the parrotsfeeding near it,it occurred to him to try how faron the fruit adds beautyto the tree. he could walk straightwith his eyes shut;
27. k kind of graM whose odoriferous and in this way he passedthe gold.
46 JAIMnri BHAKATA,
e)T3^iiT5do-dli)i^-dbi3:s7i^s-sJoo7lj^2^ZJ"d
S^a5Sou;)2"ri;i^;^dc"Uai)oLaTl"^#X^^j")^'d8y^85oSoont"I
^TafSe;^?;b"d^^oc^^75^ff-oSb5'db^^tioS7%t"^^"o8aT"f
2Y. My son, behold ! There the banana,mindful how Eartht*^hasborne the spade'sdeepwound, and ever reared her with ih^tenderestcare, bowingwith lowlyreverence, presents her perpet-*ual offering" largebunches glisteningwith luxuriant ripene4-fruit^o. Do good men e'er forgettheir former benefactors ?
28. See there the gentlegale,like one possessed,wafts scai-.^teringthe liveember-shoots of glowinghue ; rushes upon th"spikesof unblown buds; seizes the shiningpointedfists ofxnango germs ; lacerates himself with whip of creeper tendrils;and by the kokild's ever-soundingcry, with joybawls ceaselesslyin the grove-goddess'temple^i.
29. Every kind of tree, the Bakula, Mand"ra, P"dari,Kar-nikdra,Champaka, Kovidara, Priangu,Karavlra,Kuravaka^^
30. From one root of the banana sue- pared In front of a temple,walks over,cessive stems shoot up, so that it is al- or falls upon beds of spikes,pierces him-
ways bearing fruit. In consequence of self with false knuckles of steel,beatstheirgreatweight, the bunches of fruit himself with a whip, and roars out at is -are always bowed towards the earth. tervals ; sometimes becoming calm, aad
SI. During the prevalencecf any epide- then breaking out into frantic raving,mic disease some Individual pretendsthat This done in the temple dedicated t" thehe is possessed by a divinity; and in a goddessof disease is supposedto appeasefrensied state walks about amongst hot her anger,embers in a aarrow and shallow pit pre*
48 JAIMINI BHARATA,
ij^Ti^XiTS-^^j"Soe)T;8tfi"a8X^^^Xyoi^^70fjsot5oXjs2^5I^rfoXo;^^zSii"ot)ol)v/ae/^X/"i"3oa) ^"d
T^X c^po,^xi";3^So5oozS7dDX'dff;i"Xo
-^S^oCQ^/X^fdo^X^r53l)Jc)SoA)7J^7v 5ofi5X"-rf(y5o^s-T^5i)"^i5^^io"-^";"^oX^^ewa I
32. From root to tip the garden'severy tree is full of fra-grance: the roots with roots of mudiwdla and Idmanchd^'^ythe
boughs with boughsof minglingagaru^^and sandal ; the flow-erswith flowers of pure leafed twiningjasminsof every kind.
Thus in this grove is found no tree but what impartsa pleasingodour to the cool fresh gale.
83. Mark ! son of Kama, the loud humming of the boomingswarms elate with joy, as closelyclingingto the plantsin lov-ing
pairs,theyfeed upon the pollen,treadingthe lotus flowersthat thicklyshoot and grow in sparklinglakes throughoutthe
grove.
34. Like the throngof mountains* cubs struck by the bolt ofheaven's lord^s,and fallingto the sea, " or the multitudes of
deep dark clouds descendingin a mass to draw water from the
ocean-depths," or as ifthe earth-supportingelephantshad mul-
37. A grass whose roots are fragprant. minglingitsbranches with theirbranches;See p. 45, n. 27. These roots running and the jasmin its flowers with theiramongst the roots of the trees impart to flowers,them their scent; as also the sandal 38. Aspecies ofsandaL
89. See p. 12,n. 25,
CHAPTEB III. 49
i:5cr"XH-dj5)^iSS^07ooT:5fS7i"S5^j^T5-d/"y;"^E-;5^?J^2pX^"i"o8oi"si3^7"^^^oSp3oX^5rf8^D"53o^||36-||
tiplied*^," issuingfrom the citygate,the herds of elephantsap-proachto drink the water of the lake. Their weight must sink
the earth !
35. When as beggarsseekingmean men's alms (aredrivenaway,) the bee-swarms cease to seek the bounty* o^f the ele-phants
that,issuingfrom the city,plungeinto the lake," andturn aside ; whilst,like the liberal who laugh, (and call thebeggarsto their door,)the large,bright,full-blown lotus flow-ers-
gladlyofferto the bees their fragrantnectar unrestrained.36. Like the wreaths of monsoon-clouds meeting in the im-mortals'
path*^,and crowdingthick on every side,the lines ofhorses coming forth from the loftycity-gatesto drink,and those
returningfrom the lakes,filland crowd the road. Ah !Who of
kingshas this man's wealth ? By what means shall I describeit? See how wonderful,my son !
40. The earth is said to be supported takingrefasrein the sea from the thunder -
by an elephantat each of the eightpoints bolts of Indra.of the compass. 41. The word means also, the liquor
The firstclause of the verse may sig- that oozes from the temples of elephants,niiy that the young mountains were 42. The sky.
50 JAIMINI BHARATA9
^'d(5^'^(SJO(l)7";Tfjd(TS5oT^t)(3S^^Xd^xS;l79rc)^o8^-d||38||
87. Severallyall this to Kama's son did Bhima show ; whenthe burningheat arose ;" the horses of the sun seeingthe supe-rior
gaitand fleetness of the horses of Bhadr"vati^lost all their
spirit^and unable to drag the car^ moved tardily; which seeing,the Sun in ragingwrath was spittingflames.
88. The sun reached noon. ^'Amongstthese horses t^he chiefhorse I see not. Do they not bringit forth ? Is it not in the
city? Is it invisible to the eye ? This matter how shall we as-certain?O son of Kama, say !" Thus Bhima wrapt in care
meditated in mind on the feet of Vishnu of D^vapura.
51
'd^S;i"o^j*)^zi"^^5;"7;jSio^o^ti^Ti)^J5"^oSofoZS^ ||o||
^TSv^55o"i)Z5^i5^")^'d-dfioXrf^zJ5i"jff-iSo";5S^5l)^nt"X2:i567S^^Xi^^ol)o^orfjrfjao7Sj5
CHAPTER IV.
Contents, Bhima courageouslyseizes the most beautifulhorse inBhadrdvatiyrouts theforcesof the valiant Youvandshwa,has an interview with him, and returns to Hastindvati,
Verse 1. O King Janam^jaya,attend ! As a gallantgrievedin heart until the pleasingsmile appears on his lady'sloweringlotus-face offended in the feuds of love,Bhima in heat of spiritanxious for the horse's exit from the city,looked on the son ofKama's face,and thus,in deepdistress,himself reproached:"
2. Rashlypromisingto the chief of saints and failing" Guru-
droha " one ; assuringKrishna and drawingback " Daiva^droha" two ; not providingfor the king'snecessity" Swami^droha "three ; breakingthe solemn oath I made " Atma-droha-^thhi
52 JAIMINI BHARATA,
i5/s7j^xS5oi"i)i5"ov;"pS7jxl/a^xiXdjoT5;:"e"rfoe*oSftT^||S||
7cU5"^^^^^7Sf8rf8i(5i)"/c6T5oXo"dba^
makes four ; and then there's Dharma-droha " these five mortal
sins^,
" ^unlessI find and fetch the horse.
8. Has the saint V^da Vy"sa lightlylied? Though he shouldlie,would Krishna then concur ? Though he should concur,would the omens augur good?Though theyshould promisewell,is the king of ill-starredfate ? Though he should he ill-starred,can the lunar race e'er fade ? Though this should fade,can theearth sink ? Though the earth itself should sink, the failureof my word is somethingnew ! I wonder for what sin of minethe horse does not appear !
4. A sinner's uttered word becomes a lie;the adulterer's wish
a fruitlessthought;to the priestor bramin's murderer the expo-sedtreasure is invisible. Throughout the world this is true.
What sin have I committed ? In what birth^ ? Has the Yidava
race-oceans's moon^ abandoned those who trust him ? Alas !
alas ! why is it that the horse does not appear ?
1.
These are seyerally,treason to one's buted to the virtues or sins cf formerpriest,to God, to the king,to one's own births.soul,and to duty. See p. 22, v. S6 " p. 3. An epithetof Krishna, as pleasing24, y. 42. and p. 33, v. 61. where Bhi- to the T"dava race as the moon to thema's promisesare given. ocean, which is said to rise (atthe tides)
2. Prosperityor calamity is attri- from the joy of seeingthe moon.
CHAPTER IV. 53
"^" 7i)';i8#o^o"Jo?"/7Sx5^^a5"ozS-do^"";pSKbS-rf3ST:5s-^||^||
0^3^^r5^8^"i"-doX9oiSrfaiC^tSje)
TsJ^tJcsSd^'^oJoo^ozi"i^5f^o^X^aaio2pi"t)7io^S:^7i"T;iof^I
6. If by Fate's decree there be not here a splendidhorse withsuch propertiesendowed^ can I ever see againthe soft shiningfeet of earth's beloved lord* ? In whatsoever place on earth it
be,there enteringI must search and bring,or my word is un-fulfilled.How else ?" Thus restless with pressingcare was
Bhima vexed.
6. Just then, with the array of many hosts,with music's
joyfulsound, with heralds' loud acclaim,with homage of richcloths and ornaments, perfumesand wreaths of flowers,regalfly-brushesand parasols,led by princeson the rightand left,the horse came forth to drink,moving with loftypride.
7. As Ocean when it sees the risinglunar orb, moves and,swellinghigh,o'erflows itsbounds ; or as Indra elate with hairerect^
,
when he saw the pure ambrosia rise,Bhima, of moun-
4. An epithetfor king. Here Dhar- the churningof the milk sea; which wasmar"yais meant. done to procure the ambrosia on which1^.Horripilation^the effect of either dependedthe immortalityof the gods;of
greatjoy or dread. The reference is to whom Indra was chief.
Si JAIHIMI BHARATAj
lx^?^?\^ja"zi)8TSe-ot^e;"aT5^Tj^i5ji'd"8rfotfj"?S^^z3^/i*^""||vj-||
Ty^^?Ti^^Ti^(5So8ae;o*o:^zi3^"5Ai7irf^^ii""^^;i^||s-||tainbulk,was overjoyedwhen he saw the horse like the gracioussmile of the powerfulYouvandshwa's goddessWealth^ .
8. Overjoyeddid Bhima see the splendidhorse,which withgait of nimble feet^,pleasingneigh,resplendenthue, fullyadorned, of perfectform, beautiful brilliant ear, and of inesti-mable
value,resembled the wonderful and skilfulproductionof
a renowned poet," and in extacy continued to behold it.
9. Whilst Bhima was beholdingthe splendidhorse as awonder of the three worlds, Meghan"dafell at his lotus-feet,and saying," See now my prowess; I will fetch the horse,*'hestarted thence, and overspreadthe sky with a magicalillusion,so that the hosts guarding the king'shorse were bewildered" .Hear, O king,the wonder !
6. The pure whiteness of the horse is perty,pleasingharmony, and fine sen-the pointof comparisonbetween itand a timents.smile. 8. Of these illusions there are several
7. The words of this and the sue- kinds,differingin power and duration,ceeding phrasesmean also,in applica* The power of raisingthem is an occulttion to a poem, skilfullyarranged feet, science;it is often exercised in war. Theingenuityin the use of words of double objectsraised have for the time the effectmeaning,clear arrangement,beauty,pro- of reality.
56 JAIMINI BHARATA,
7^8o^8^^8;is-^o^oz^o^"j5"85^n""Ti"enTt"^rf^"i"orfj"ozfc'dja||o3||^t)r^^^coX^o^oTi"t^oT5o-6c53oo
princesoverthrew, and with the horse leapt to the sky" ^likeaswan with eagerness snatchinga white lilyi""from the lake,and
risingto the air. Bhima and Yrishak^tu wonderingstood.13, Is this the lunar orb by B"hu seized" ? Is it the ambro*
sialcup borne oflfwith joyby Garuda*^ ? Is it the white light-ning'smass upon a cloud ? 'Tis wonderful ! As Ghatotkacha's
son by strengthof arm pressedfast to his leftside the mightyhorse, and went along the aerial way, the horse's guardianarmies saw, shouted and cried,and to the battlerushed.
14. As ifthe swarmingnations not doubtingthat the Sun wasswiftlybearingto the sky the horse, wishingto yoke anothercourser to his car, (havingbut seven^',)" ^had met, and now laidseigeto the eightquartersof the sky,"-the forces hootingM^-
ghan"dapressedupon him. He caringnothingpassedalongthe air.
10. The swan is said to feed on lilies. ambrosia. This he accomplishedafter11. See p. 6, n. 13. defeatingallthe godsin combat.12. This storyoccupiesmany sections 13. The Sun's chariot is represented
of the Mah"Bh"rata. Garada in order as drawn by seven horses. He is hereto release his mother from slaveryenga- supposedto desire an even number.ged to bring for her mistress the cup of
CHAPTER IV. 57
2io7SzS;i83^^o-doX"dTSzS5o^^^^^^z;5je)^ro?\^oai-dzSj2"^j5"||o8||15. The armies then seeingM^ghan"da go forward in the
aerial way, cried" Fellow I Because by mere magic thrown, by
fraud you seize the horse,and rise into the air,will Youvan"sh-wa*s valiant warriors spare you ? Alas ! not knowing your capa-city,
you have come and us provoked; preserve what yet remainsof life!" and pressingclose upon him, shot their arrows.
16. He turned, and lookingat them, laughingsaid," Well,well ! Here's the corpse pursuingPluto as he runs away withthe soul^* ! Your valour spare I
" Then conjuringan incessantshower of hail,he completelyoverwhelmed the powerfulhosts,and proceededon his way. The uproar reached the city,andthe army of the king went out by their akshohinis*^,
17. Because he came, stole the best horse in it,and took it tothe air,has the Earth, hotlypursuingwith fierce anger, risento the sky? Or have the heroes made an opposingmagic dust-cloud,double that made by M^ghan"da ? For so the dust raised
by the army'sfeet runningeager for the fight,filledall the sky.14. The god of death is said to ac- over the soul, and draggingit away,
complish his purpose hy throwinga noose Iff. See p. 21, n. 52.
H
68 JAIMINI BHARATA,
_D^
"
O"
O A" ^
^i"B ^(S^i ";-d5jsS^Br.^::"B"6^:"
18. The jointthunderingof war-drums of every size,thesound of the bells of huge elephanttroops, the clatter of thehoofs of the mettled steeds,the rattlingof the wheels of the dri-ven
chariots,the beatingof the arms of the eager combatants ^^,the twang of the heroes' bow-strings,the war-cry'scruel din, all
joinedin one. Surelythis day the mundane egg^7must break !19. The upliftedcrowds of parasolsapproachingcaused a
universal darkness ; but the newly whetted broad-swords drawn,and by heroes brandished high, sent forth abundant light.Around the squadrons huge elephantsthick-set and crowdingclose,stopped,and shut out the wind ; but the abundant breezefrom fly-brusheswaved aloft,diffused a freezingcold^".
20. As allthe winds held in restraint,but at the delugefreed,
go thunderingforth," Youvandshwa's hosts unbounded, shout-ing,advanced. Seeing them, the brave M^ghandda hugged
16. Combatants challengeor defytheir ous array of similar sounds. The de-foes,by smartly strikingthe arm below signof the verse is to show that the armythe shoulder with the palm of the oppo- was composed of persons of high rank;site hand. who alone are entitled to have parasols,
17. Which encloses the world. elephants,and fly-brushes.18. 'J'hisverse contains a very ingeni-
CHAPTER IV. 69
CO -fi
c"^'^jt)a5=tf:)i3o7?a5oo8!)fe3o.7t3-d"ytSj^zS^J")^;1)55I"^I^^S65o^O"rfo^i"d;5^08^^^Je)^oOSS^I^Xij*)||-CO||
x5o^5oi"iSji)c3Sje)^5JooX5'o7og)^^z5o;iw3"Xo^e/pl?"(S^j;"||-JC"-c||
close to his left side the horse, brandished his sword regard-lessof them all,and smiling,went alongthe sky.
^1. " Has the kingYouvan"shwa's army lostitsspirit? Push,push away the cowards ! Where is the horse-thief ? Show I
show 19!" Thus theypressedon M^ghandda. " Very well,hero !horse-thief! If you love your life,this horse set free, and go ;or take this mass of weapons." Sayingwhich, the sky theyfilledwith arrows.
22. "Are you the mighty men that stand and guard yourking? or are there others ? This is no theft ; the horse before
your face I take ; rescue it if you can ; don't vainlybluster ; if
you are men of might,don't be alarmed. Enough !" This said,
M^ghandda raised greatmagic terrors, so that the three worlds
were moved :"
23. Blastinglightnings,pouringrain,fallingballs of stone,dust-wheelingwhirlwinds, blindingdarkness, overwhelming
19. This 18 spokenby the warriors in the rear, to those in front*
60 JAIMIKI BHAHATA,
XoTitJTi;S^ij"c""5i"o^rf^t"";^Bi"^Qj^'^rirL-S^'"(^^-^ ||-x"3||CO
^js^-dXTSoOooii^-dS^Xs-^oes^iiao^rs"oX^ot^oTi)-dX^^I7"bT^X^o7;5^adi53^TfX^^rS^9^
trees and mountains^sharpwounding d^iverse weapons, piercingdarts and spears, seizingbears and tigers,wide-gapingspectres,life-drinkingserpents,fast runningand consumingforest-fires:- " To stop his unsparingmagic there was none : the army be-came
dust. What more shall I say ? "
2i. The sovereignYouvandshwa seeingM^ghan"da bearingoff the horse through the heavenlypathafter he had slain byhis magic the entire army, sent eightthousand chariot warriorsinvincible and skilled to mount the etherial space; who stood in
the path of the TJnaided^o hero, and addressed him, " Stopvillain. Throw not away your life! Give up the horse !" and
showered a tempest of arrows.
25. On which Meghan"da :" "Are you the world's hefoes ?Ever readyin the service of your lord,your heads ye value not*"Then taking a huge club he squashed their chariots,bows,arrows, horses,drivers,banners, flags; and with the horse,cameswiftly,and in Bhima's presence stood. Just then^ another
army of reserve came up.
80. i. e. able alone to overcome bis foes ; a superlativeepithetappliedonly tothe bravest.
CHAPTBR IV. 61
Tiydhs^d oX9o^;5Tr3osD'dzSo5??;;i8^"tJoXiSj")Ti^^I
^oai7^"5i"zSSo^osoc5i)o^'d"^^^^T5
Xo8x5jo^^"oZbazi):^^7^^7oi^^5^t*Jz$o^^X"iorf6p4TiTl("i5Srfoo*"ya"e/TSrfo^^c5i)-dXTir"2:iocs^||-")8||
?iSzSLo^8as"5n""rf^'dq;i?^CiozSS;5W3o7S^^tJ^8j^*'doXn")IT5T^co57^z;5-6^zi"Xoa-^7i"rf"3?i5;^
26. With horses^elephants,war-chariots,heapsof arrows,banners, flags,parasols,sabres,broad-swords^i," the armygleamedlike a marchingforest;and with it came swiftlySuv^ga,the sovereignYouvan"shwa's son, fearless in fight," the earthsplittingwith the twang of his bended bowstring.
27. When the monarch Youvandshwa heard that *'the foe,
regardlessof our chariot-warriors who opposedhim in the air,Btillruns oflfwith the horse,"enragedhe said,"The young beehas come seekingto rob the champaca flower's perfume^ f^ 'Xis
strange indeed!" and himself urgedrapidlyforward his jewelledchariot,followed by his tributarykingswith their armies.
28. Like the stream of the celestialGanges flowingcloselybehind the car of Bhagiratha^a,with the din of music came thedenselycrowded army behind the chariot of the king,the earth
21. ThU and the precedingwords have sandal tree,abundance of grass, or sheetseach a double sense ; the one in the text of water, banana, banks,lotus,a speciesapplies to the army, the other to things of tree, and the rhinoceros,contained in the forest,viz : lion,serpent, 22. See p. 30, n. 76.
23. See p. 2, the latter part of n. 7.
62 JAIMINI BHARATA^
7;Jj")^-5^?^?d^^^^ae)^a^Sc5i5^^^3^^;|;STi^^^oTi^||3o||
quakingat the stroke of their feet;whilst like Jahnu Muni, theson of Kama, unahle to bear their exultation,boiled withinhim. Bhima saw his emotion.
29. Having tied the horse to the foot of a tree,and appointedthe brave M^ghan"da to guard it,Bhima sent Vrishaketu againstthe army of Youvandshwa that was advancingtowards them,and himself joyfullyconfrontingthe hosts of Suvega'sarmy,that came thronginglike the firethat consumes the universe,stood " as the huge mountain bears without waveringthe strokeof the rushingwind.
30. Hear, O Protector of the earth! (Janam^jaya.)Suve-ga'sforemost heroes pressedon Bhima, Here, (towardsVrisha-ketu,)
the brave king Youvandshwa advanced," the red dust
shrouding the eightquarters of the sky, the lustre of the
kings'jewelledornaments glittering,the sabres flashing,brandished by heroes shoutingfrom strengthof arm, rows of
parasolsand fly-brushesextending,and multitudes of war-drums loudlysounding.
31. Against the front of Youvan"shwa's hosts advancingthick,the son of Kama firmlystood. Seeingwhich, elephants,
64 JAIMINI BHARATA,
(^5Xr-9otfj""^Xos-acJ7^")-d^a)^"2^i^o
^^:^s-^e;^5Xs-^^^ ij^X"zJj")^^^^8sit)yoo'^T5o^^||3^||
i^t^i5^^^s-_^8tfosn)7Jbp");"^j^:iioNA"fXxSj""^z5o^o2j^xiS^||3"-||34. On whicli the king:" ^' The world contains no champion
who can cope with me ; but you indeed are brave ! *A boy/ Ithought a^nd thus forbore ; but ifindeed bold courage you pos*sess, that then is my good fortune." Then drawing to the
ear, he shot ; but the son of Kama cut his arrow midway^*,andwith his shafts overwhelmed his chariot"as though a multitudeof seas of darts had overflowed their bounds.
35. When the son of Kama had broken the arrows midway,and made a monsoon of fiercedarts,the mass fell upon the
king'schariot,pierced,and covered it. What shall I say ? Atthat moment, the charioteer,with heavybreathingspanting,swooned, vomited blood,and, with his horses,sleptthe eternal
sleep; whilst the fragmentsof darts in the monarch's bodyap-pearedlike a window^s.
S6. Pluckingout the darts that had piercedhis body, his
eyes reddened " as though the flame of fierce anger sparklingin his breast,no longerremainingin his body issued forth from
24" with his anows. a hoard denselyperforatedvith round26. A kind of window that consists of holes.
CHAPTBR IV. 65
his eyes " and became terrific;and drawing a mighty Fire-arrow^, he placedit on his bowstring,drew to his ear, andshot. The son of Kama then,unfaltering,with a Water-arrowcooled it.
87. Having with a Water-arrow overcome the Fire-arrow,the son of Kama fixed a fresh^^ Cloud-arrow ; which with a
Wind-arrow the kingdestroyed,and fixed a Darkness-arrow;be with a Sun -arrow defeated it, and prepareda Mountain-arrow ; whij3hthe king broke with a celestial Thunder-bolt-arrow^, and took a fierceSerpent-arrow;which,with a Garuda-
arrow29,Vrishak^tu cut to pieces.88. " Bravo,my boy! In the use of enchanted weapons you
are skilled ; that in you is excellent. But why this eagernessto conquerS""?" This said,the king put forth his might; and hisanraws, like a bridge,were thicklycrowded in the sky. Then
96. The power of usingcharmed wea- comes invested with whatever power ispone is representedas the highestattain- invoked. Thus a fire^arrow becomes ament of a warrior. Different kinds of consuming fire"c.;the different incan-
mystical incantations are either learned tations impartingdifferentpowers.from the most c^ehrated saints,or the 27. i. e. not exhausted,fullof water,knowledgeof them acquiredby the prac- 28. See p. 12,n. 26.tice of religiousausterities. "When an 2D. See p. 14, n. 34,arrow is taken from the quiverand fixed 30. i.e. you oughtto be content withon the bowstring,one of these incanta- this displayof skill,and not indulgethetions isrepeated over it,and it thus be- vain hope of a vietoryover me.
66 JAIMINI BHARATA^
"d083oa)a5)c33o^4""ST3^rf^5r"o8x"X^^^d-Ti^oB-d^\
^;5^zSj")"^J5)^7^s^(53a^7joX'do7^o?p)^X;d3^?oTi"7oa5"8#'rjof||3b-[|
'zS2^zs^^;fiTS?je"^e/^otyaT3ic^?7"o^tf^s-7^o^o"o"d;fSja||^o[|
Vrishak^tu cut and heaped them up, until a mountain ofshivered arrows grew, and stood in the space between them.
What shall I say of this wonder ?
39. In their mutual shooting,their rounded bows resembledthe vast orbs of the risingmoon and settingsun^^ ; the arrowsflyingmidway " their rays; the streams of bloo^}from theirwounded limbs " the evening'scrimson dye, astonishingthe
sight. 'Twas a new thing in the earth, that a combat shouldbetoken the evening'sapproach.
40. Vrishak^tu unfatigued,cut in piecesthe darts which thekingunfalteringshot. Admiring which, Youvandshwa askedhim, " My boy ! what though a child you be,you are a warriorof stout heart : whose offspringare you ? Say ! Your father'sfather who ?" Sayingthis,he drew and shot. The son of Kamathen,cuttinghis shafts to pieces,smilingsaid :"
41. "Whilst showing your might in combat, you ask mewho's my father,and my father's father who? Do you not know
SI. i.e. risingand settingbehind the eastern and western mountains. Seep.the mountain of shivered arrows, as the 3, latterpart of n. 8.
8un and moon are said to do behind the
CHAPTER IV. 67
c??c55oo75pc"^^^oXol)osi"^^oi)g)
^jac^^Ti3rf^e;si)o^^T:^XT:^^ijryDSX^7oo'rfpSz5pSc5iDe;ja||^3||them by my arm ? Is it needful to mention Kama and the lotus*friend32f enmityalone isbrought to the ear of a combatingfoe.Ofool! if you have any sense, ascertain elsewhere : enough!"With this he drew and shot.
42, "My hoy,you are unequalled!your archeryis excellent!"
Saying this,the kingpreparedan arrow, drew to his ear, dis-charged,and piercedthe breast of Vrishak^tu. He fainted ;
but instantlyrecovering,enraged,"See now this arrow's power!"he said,and fixed a dart that flunga dazzlinggoldenblaze on
every side,drew to his ear, and, with a shout,shot at the king.43. What shall I say, Oking? At the stroke of the son of
Kama's shaft,the king dropped from his hand his bow, andswooned. Then forward his forces came, and pressedon Vrish-ak^tu. " Today we see the herds of deer surround the lion ashe slaysand dragsoflfthe elephant,"he said,and dischargedaninnumerable multitude of darts;so that the crowds of elephants^horses,chariots,and infantrywere distressed.
32. The Ban, Their widelyextended fame rendered the mention of theirname"saperflttous.
68 JAIMIKI BHARATA,
^e"foTii"^^"7C^CT3aT3^^^"doX^
2rf^e/"i^Tiz3zS:^oix"Xo^tS^oX^-dio^^^il^^"JiSli^os^ji)||^^||
44. Peeling,slashing,raking,wounding,cleaving,drilling,grinding,hewing,stabbing,scooping,piercing,digging,tearing,riving,splitting,carving,chopping,striking,goading,cutting,beating,falling,pouncing,gashing,pressing,shaking,fixing,clawing,filling,hacking,quivering,goring,sticking," the sonof Kama's gleamingdarts completelyoverthrew the foe's unitedforce.
45. Heads fallingoff,the trunks keptup the fight; trunksrollingto the ground,the heads rose up and warred; the severedarms their weapons brandished high; legs though cut off,marched forward What valour here was shown ! In front of
Vrishak^tu " as clouds of cringedwhite ants rush to the lamp'sbrightflame " the mightywarriors in one united mass, rushedto the fight,and perishedby the wounds of his terrificdarts.
-
46. With slashed and scattered hands, and legs,and arms,slices and piecesof bulky bodies overthrown, perishedandfallen men of might, fragmentsof skulls shivered by swords,the frightfulfield'was strewed. In the midst of that war's
CHAPTER IV. 69
7^^^oSj^Xoo"")zS"J3Z3""0^5-d5^7Sj3ZJi)"i^^o^d^^;3t)z3ae)zS^o^aTO^oX
slaughter,the heroes saw-T-likethe world's destroyer^s^or thegod of death " the wrathful Vrishaketu; and routed,fled to
every quarter.47. Leavingthe swooned king, the mighty warriors cried,
" Great God 1 have we survived ? " and fled in all directions.
He seeingnone to fightwith, and the fainted foe not yet re-6overed,with pitymoved, exclaimed," Alas ! and is his martialardour lost ? the Five-faced^* knows ! " Then coming to him,said, " What ! have you fainted ? " When no answer was re-turned,
he soughtto find the breathingof the king.48. ^* If truth there be in me ; if I be brave; if I be sprung
from the Sun ; if my father's child I be ;" let this king live ! "
Thus spoke the son of Kama ; and quittinghostile deeds^,with kindlyoffices fittingthe king'slifelessstate, attended onhim j seekingto remove the greatfatigueof war. The lord ofearth then slowlystr
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