Download ppt - Intro to Communication and Public Speaking Skills

Intro to Communication Intro to Communication and Public Speaking Skillsand Public Speaking Skills

What is communication?What is communication?

You think you know, but you have no You think you know, but you have no idea…idea…

Put your name on the packet.Put your name on the packet.

Do NOT lose this!Do NOT lose this!

Why is public speaking Why is public speaking important?important?

Speaking in public is often cited as Speaking in public is often cited as the number one fear of people. The the number one fear of people. The Book of Lists places the fear of death Book of Lists places the fear of death in fifth place while public speaking in fifth place while public speaking ranks first. Jerry Seinfeld said, "That ranks first. Jerry Seinfeld said, "That would mean at a funeral, people are would mean at a funeral, people are five times more likely to want to be five times more likely to want to be in the casket than giving the eulogy." in the casket than giving the eulogy."

But why is it important?But why is it important?

Recall moments in your life and/or Recall moments in your life and/or moments from movies/TV where a moments from movies/TV where a person had to speak publicly. Think person had to speak publicly. Think of at least five different of at least five different circumstances that demand public circumstances that demand public speaking. speaking.

Write these on the front of the Write these on the front of the packet…packet…

So, public speaking is So, public speaking is important because…important because…- TEACHERS- TEACHERS- POLITICIANS- POLITICIANS- BOOK REPORTS- BOOK REPORTS- DEBATES- DEBATES- CELEBRATION- CELEBRATION- FUNERAL- FUNERAL- NEWSCASTER- NEWSCASTER- SUPPORT A CAUSE- SPEECH- SUPPORT A CAUSE- SPEECH- INTERVIEW- INTERVIEW- MEETING OR PRESENTATION- MEETING OR PRESENTATION

Verbal versus Non-VerbalVerbal versus Non-Verbal

What are some verbal forms of What are some verbal forms of communication (with words)?communication (with words)?

VerbalVerbal

WrittenWritten- essays, newspapers, books, - essays, newspapers, books, stories, etc.stories, etc.

ElectronicElectronic- (plug-in or uses battery) - (plug-in or uses battery) TV, radios, emails, text, facebookTV, radios, emails, text, facebook

Public SpeakingPublic Speaking- lectures, speeches, - lectures, speeches, toasts, etc.toasts, etc.

Special OccasionSpecial Occasion- Plays, musicals, - Plays, musicals, sporting events, comedians, concerts, sporting events, comedians, concerts, etc.etc.

VerbalVerbal InterpersonalInterpersonal- communication between 2 - communication between 2

peoplepeople IntrapersonalIntrapersonal- communication with - communication with

yourself- thinking, planning, praying, etc.yourself- thinking, planning, praying, etc.Small GroupSmall Group- 3-16 people- 3-16 peoplePersuasivePersuasive- can fall in any category- can fall in any category

What percentage of communication does What percentage of communication does verbal represent?verbal represent?

Non-Verbal- the 93%- where Non-Verbal- the 93%- where does it come from?does it come from?

ParalanguageParalanguage- it’s not what you say, but - it’s not what you say, but HOW you say it- tone, emphasis, HOW you say it- tone, emphasis, loudness/softness, tempo, etc.loudness/softness, tempo, etc.

Vocal cuesVocal cues- pausing, laughing, crying, - pausing, laughing, crying, gigglinggiggling

Sign LanguageSign Language- hands and head signs - hands and head signs replace words, letters, and numbers; replace words, letters, and numbers; waving hello, ASL, looks (rolling eyes)waving hello, ASL, looks (rolling eyes)

Action LanguageAction Language- help emphasize or reveal - help emphasize or reveal personality or emotions (pointing, personality or emotions (pointing, slouching, nodding, etc.)slouching, nodding, etc.)

Non-Verbal- the 93%- where Non-Verbal- the 93%- where does it come from?does it come from?

Object LanguageObject Language- display of material - display of material things, objects, items (suit vs. t-shirt, art, things, objects, items (suit vs. t-shirt, art, pictures, books)pictures, books)

Tactile communicationTactile communication- hugging, - hugging, handshake, kissing, shovinghandshake, kissing, shoving

Space and TimeSpace and Time- meanings related to - meanings related to distance and timedistance and time

The Communication ProcessThe Communication Process

It is a process which is ongoing and It is a process which is ongoing and constantly changing!constantly changing!

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

Name 2 forms of verbal Name 2 forms of verbal communicationcommunication

Name 2 forms of non-verbal Name 2 forms of non-verbal communicationcommunication

Forms, not examples!Forms, not examples!

3 Levels of Communication3 Levels of Communication Cultural

very little informationvery little information Often not accurateOften not accurate Person on the street, cashier, etcPerson on the street, cashier, etc

Sociological More information, but not always accurateMore information, but not always accurate Classmate, neighbor, etc.Classmate, neighbor, etc.

Individual Know the person very wellKnow the person very well Best friend, parent, sibling, etc.Best friend, parent, sibling, etc.

THINGS THAT AFFECT THINGS THAT AFFECT COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

External interference

PERCEPTION

Internal Interference

Tech. Language

Reg. Language

Slang Language

Exclusion/ Inclusion

Listening

Self-Concept

External and Internal External and Internal InterferenceInterference

ExternalExternal- anything on - anything on the outside that the outside that impairs impairs communication (wind, communication (wind, music, darkness, etc.)music, darkness, etc.)

InternalInternal- anything on - anything on the inside that impairs the inside that impairs communication communication (sadness, sickness, (sadness, sickness, fear, etc.)fear, etc.)

Perception- The FilterPerception- The Filter DefinitionDefinition- the process by which - the process by which

you filter and interpret what you filter and interpret what your senses tell you so you can your senses tell you so you can create a meaningful picture of create a meaningful picture of the world.the world.

ProcessProcess- -

Step 1: Sensing Step 1: Sensing SomethingSomething

Step 2: Assigning Step 2: Assigning meaning to it (interpret)meaning to it (interpret)

Step 3: Meaningful picture Step 3: Meaningful picture of the worldof the world

Things that affect Perception-Things that affect Perception-Physical DifferencesPhysical Differences

We taste differently because We taste differently because we have different taste buds.we have different taste buds.

We see things differently We see things differently because some are short while because some are short while some are small.some are small.

Some of us hear things better Some of us hear things better or worse and so on…or worse and so on…

Things that affect Perception-Things that affect Perception-Different BackgroundsDifferent Backgrounds

Different race Different race

Different cultureDifferent culture

Different religionDifferent religion

Different region of the worldDifferent region of the world

Things that affect Perception-Things that affect Perception-Different ExperiencesDifferent Experiences

Growing up in the city versus Growing up in the city versus the countrythe country

Going to college vs. going to Going to college vs. going to the armythe army

Getting married vs. staying Getting married vs. staying singlesingle

Any others?Any others?

Things that affect Perception-Things that affect Perception-Different Feelings (current Different Feelings (current

feelings)feelings) Not feeling wellNot feeling well

AngryAngry

Very happyVery happy


Things that affect Perception-Things that affect Perception-Different Circumstances (more Different Circumstances (more

based on economics)based on economics) Rich vs. PoorRich vs. Poor

Familiar vs. Strangle PlaceFamiliar vs. Strangle Place

Public vs. Private SchoolPublic vs. Private School


There are things that help There are things that help communication…technical communication…technical

languagelanguageUsually associated with a Usually associated with a job, club, team, or job, club, team, or organization.organization.

Truck Driver LingoTruck Driver Lingo

““Back down that linear” – reduce the Back down that linear” – reduce the transmissing power from the linear transmissing power from the linear amplifier used for illegally creating a amplifier used for illegally creating a stronger transmitting signalstronger transmitting signal“Bear in the air” – police doing speed “Bear in the air” – police doing speed enforcement from aircraftenforcement from aircraft“With a customer” – police officer “With a customer” – police officer with someone pulled overwith someone pulled over“Gum ball machine” – rotating lights “Gum ball machine” – rotating lights on police caron police car“Got your ears on?” – is your radio on“Got your ears on?” – is your radio on“Super slab” – multilane highway“Super slab” – multilane highway

There are things that help There are things that help communication…regional communication…regional

languagelanguageWhere you are from Where you are from affects the way you talk.affects the way you talk.

Guess where these are from:Guess where these are from:

PopPop

SodaSoda

CokeCoke

There are things that help There are things that help communication…slang languagecommunication…slang languageWhatever is popular at the time is often used to Whatever is popular at the time is often used to

communicatecommunicate

YoYo OBVIOBVI

WHAT’S UP?WHAT’S UP?

FA SHOFA SHO NM, U?NM, U?

Effective Speeches . . . Effective Speeches . . .

Any effective talk must do three Any effective talk must do three things:things:

1.1. Communicate your ideasCommunicate your ideas

2.2. Persuade your audience that you Persuade your audience that you are rightare right

3.3. Be interesting and entertaining Be interesting and entertaining

Turn to the person next to Turn to the person next to youyou

7 seconds: 7 seconds: What three things What three things

must an effective must an effective speech do?speech do?

CommunicationCommunication

Communication can be defined as Communication can be defined as an exchange of information an exchange of information between two or more individuals. between two or more individuals.

For communication to take place, For communication to take place, three things must be present:three things must be present:

1.1. SenderSender

2.2. ReceiverReceiver

3.3. MessageMessage

SupportSupport

Your supporting material – Your supporting material – examples and details – help toexamples and details – help to

1.1. ClarifyClarify

2.2. ProveProve

3.3. Make speech interestingMake speech interesting

4.4. Make speech memorableMake speech memorable

Guidelines For DeliveryGuidelines For Delivery

1.1. Be natural Be natural

2.2. Be livelyBe lively

3.3. Be appropriate Be appropriate

4.4. Pair delivery with messagePair delivery with message How does a comedian deliver material?How does a comedian deliver material? How does a paleontologist deliver How does a paleontologist deliver

information?information?

Vocal VarietyVocal Variety

The purpose of vocal variety is to emphasize The purpose of vocal variety is to emphasize main points and to keep the audience interested main points and to keep the audience interested throughout. It’s about throughout. It’s about NOTNOT being monotone! being monotone!

TERMS:TERMS:1.1. Pitch: High or lowPitch: High or low2.2. Pace/rate: Fast or slowPace/rate: Fast or slow3.3. Volume: Loud or softVolume: Loud or soft4.4. Inflection: speaking with emotion, Inflection: speaking with emotion,

understanding, and emphasisunderstanding, and emphasis5.5. Eliminate filler statements such as “ums” and Eliminate filler statements such as “ums” and

“ahs”“ahs”

Eye ContactEye Contact

The purpose of eye contact is to The purpose of eye contact is to display confidence in your message, display confidence in your message, connect with your audience, create connect with your audience, create emotional appeal, and to emotional appeal, and to emphasize main points.emphasize main points.

1.1. GeneralGeneral

2.2. SustainedSustained

Body LanguageBody Language

The purpose of body language is to The purpose of body language is to emphasize main points while emphasize main points while not not distracting from what you are saying.distracting from what you are saying.

1.1. Gestures: purposeful, planned, naturalGestures: purposeful, planned, natural

2.2. Posture: erect; no rocking, swaying, or Posture: erect; no rocking, swaying, or shifting weight; no leaning on podiumshifting weight; no leaning on podium

3.3. Eliminate fidgetingEliminate fidgeting

4.4. Planned movement: walkingPlanned movement: walking

5.5. Professional use of notecards: no fidgetingProfessional use of notecards: no fidgeting

PausesPauses

The purpose of pausing is to add The purpose of pausing is to add emphasis and indicate transitionemphasis and indicate transition

Dressing For Success!Dressing For Success!

Physical appearance or dress should not distract Physical appearance or dress should not distract from the message! Some tips . . . from the message! Some tips . . .

Hair: neatly styled; kept out of faceHair: neatly styled; kept out of face Attire: professional; ironed, coordinated (neutral solids Attire: professional; ironed, coordinated (neutral solids

such as black, gray, navy, or khaki work best). Suits such as black, gray, navy, or khaki work best). Suits are always the most appropriate. Khakis and a button are always the most appropriate. Khakis and a button down or nice sweater will suffice. NO JEANS!down or nice sweater will suffice. NO JEANS!

Jewelry: Minimal; earrings should be small (no Jewelry: Minimal; earrings should be small (no dangles); necklaces, watches, and bracelets should dangles); necklaces, watches, and bracelets should not be colorful, clashing, or distracting.not be colorful, clashing, or distracting.

Fingernails: clear or polished, but no chips!Fingernails: clear or polished, but no chips! NO CHEWING GUM!NO CHEWING GUM!

Controlling NervousnessControlling Nervousness

Be familiar with your topicBe familiar with your topicPractice with your note cards until Practice with your note cards until

you are comfortableyou are comfortablePractice in front of a mirrorPractice in front of a mirrorPractice in front of other peoplePractice in front of other people

Energy and EnthusiasmEnergy and Enthusiasm

Your energy and enthusiasm level Your energy and enthusiasm level shows your audience whether or not shows your audience whether or not you care about your topic. you care about your topic.

Why Use a Visual Aid?Why Use a Visual Aid?

To enhance understanding of the To enhance understanding of the topictopic

To add authenticityTo add authenticityTo add varietyTo add varietyTo give your speech lasting impactTo give your speech lasting impactTo help build ethos (speaker To help build ethos (speaker

character credibility)character credibility)

Types of Visual AidsTypes of Visual Aids

SketchesSketches MapsMaps Photos and picturesPhotos and pictures Chalkboard/textual graphicsChalkboard/textual graphics PostersPosters Objects or modelsObjects or models SouvenirsSouvenirs HandoutsHandouts Films, videos, audio tapes, cd-romFilms, videos, audio tapes, cd-rom

Tips for Presenting Visual AidsTips for Presenting Visual Aids

Practice. Make sure visual aid is integrated into your Practice. Make sure visual aid is integrated into your speech.speech.

Plan placement of visual aid prior to speech.Plan placement of visual aid prior to speech. Check to see that electronic equipment is running and that Check to see that electronic equipment is running and that

you know how to operate it.you know how to operate it. Do not display it until you are ready to use it. When Do not display it until you are ready to use it. When

finished, remove it or cover it.finished, remove it or cover it. Do not stand directly in front of it – stand to the side and Do not stand directly in front of it – stand to the side and

face your audience as much as possible.face your audience as much as possible. When referring to the visual aid, point (don’t leave When referring to the visual aid, point (don’t leave

audience searching)audience searching) Do not distribute materials during your speech. If you have Do not distribute materials during your speech. If you have

prepared handouts, distribute before or after you speak.prepared handouts, distribute before or after you speak.

The End!The End!

November 6November 6thth, 2012, 2012

-Informative speech sheetInformative speech sheet-ResearchingResearching

Homework: Homework: -Research parksResearch parks-Pick top 3Pick top 3-Double entry notes due Tuesday, November Double entry notes due Tuesday, November 1313thth

Which type of non-verbal Which type of non-verbal language involves hugging, language involves hugging, handshakes, or high fives?handshakes, or high fives?

TACTILE

The Entire Process- In a The Entire Process- In a NutshellNutshell

Find information (research in library) Find information (research in library) Organize information (double entry Organize information (double entry notes) notes) Organize it more (outline) Organize it more (outline)

Researching in the Media Researching in the Media CenterCenter

Tomorrow, you’ll Tomorrow, you’ll have the entire have the entire

period to look up period to look up information on the information on the

national park of your national park of your choice. Today, we’ll choice. Today, we’ll

go through the many go through the many steps it takes to get steps it takes to get quality information.quality information.

Reliable SourcesReliable Sources- You might be thinking to You might be thinking to

yourself: why do research in the yourself: why do research in the media center when I have the media center when I have the internet???internet???

- Good question.Good question.- Well, some sources aren’t Well, some sources aren’t

reliablereliable..- Reliable source:Reliable source: any source that any source that

comes from a reputable source comes from a reputable source (journal, database, book, etc.).(journal, database, book, etc.).

- What’s not a reliable source?What’s not a reliable source?- Any random websiteAny random website- Wikipedia.comWikipedia.com- Anything from Google.com, Anything from Google.com,

Yahoo.com- notice the .comYahoo.com- notice the .com

Where can I get information?Where can I get information?- Source #1- Library booksSource #1- Library books- Look up your park on the Look up your park on the

library database.library database.- Ask a librarian! They are Ask a librarian! They are

bundles of knowledge!bundles of knowledge!

- Source #2- Research Source #2- Research databasesdatabases

- On the media center On the media center webpage, go to “Research webpage, go to “Research Databases.”Databases.”

- You have to log-in using your You have to log-in using your username and ID#username and ID#

- Then, you can use any of the Then, you can use any of the databases there!databases there!

What steps do I need to take What steps do I need to take to get the right information?to get the right information?

- Step #1- Do some basic research on Step #1- Do some basic research on your parkyour park

- Look up your park on the internet (this Look up your park on the internet (this is okay ONLY this time) to find out is okay ONLY this time) to find out basic information on the park.basic information on the park.

- www.nps.govwww.nps.gov- Step #2- Find reliable sources on your Step #2- Find reliable sources on your

parkpark- Look up your park on the library or Look up your park on the library or

research databases.research databases.- Read articles or books about your park.Read articles or books about your park.- Step #3- Write down important Step #3- Write down important

informationinformation- This is where you decide on what to This is where you decide on what to

do.do.- What do you find to be important?What do you find to be important?- Land mass? Important landmarks? Land mass? Important landmarks?

Recreation? Location?Recreation? Location?

The above are the best databases.

What steps do I need to take to get the What steps do I need to take to get the right information?right information?

- Step #3- Write down important Step #3- Write down important informationinformation

- ***Read the source first! The ***Read the source first! The WHOLE thing! You must know if WHOLE thing! You must know if it’s a good source.it’s a good source.

- Once you know it’s a good Once you know it’s a good source, write down the source source, write down the source name on the sheet Mr. Klein name on the sheet Mr. Klein gives you.gives you.

- Step #4- Pick the topics you Step #4- Pick the topics you want to coverwant to cover

- Write those down on the sheet Write those down on the sheet and fill in the information and fill in the information needed along with the source it needed along with the source it came from.came from.

Crater Lake

Virgin Islands

A little information on each A little information on each park…park…

Zion National ParkZion National Park

Zion, UtahZion, Utah

Lowest elevation- 3,666 ft.Lowest elevation- 3,666 ft.

Highest elevation- 8,736 ft.Highest elevation- 8,736 ft.

Bryce Canyon National ParkBryce Canyon National Park

UtahUtah

Main feature is a canyon, which Main feature is a canyon, which is actually a number of is actually a number of ampitheaters.ampitheaters.


Badlands National ParkBadlands National Park

South DakotaSouth Dakota

Native American hunting ground Native American hunting ground over 240,000 acres.over 240,000 acres.

Everglades National ParkEverglades National Park

FloridaFlorida

The largest subtropical The largest subtropical wilderness in the U.S.wilderness in the U.S.


Arches National ParkArches National Park

UtahUtah

Over 2,000 natural sandstone Over 2,000 natural sandstone archesarches

Great Sand Dunes National ParkGreat Sand Dunes National Park

ColoradoColorado

Newest on the U.S. national Newest on the U.S. national parksparks


Carlsbad Caves National ParkCarlsbad Caves National Park

New MexicoNew Mexico

77thth largest show cave in the largest show cave in the worldworld

City of Rocks National ParkCity of Rocks National Park

IdahoIdaho

One of the most popular rock One of the most popular rock climbing places in the world.climbing places in the world.


Virgin Islands National ParkVirgin Islands National Park

Island of St. JohnIsland of St. John

Famous for scuba diving and Famous for scuba diving and snorkeling.snorkeling.

Petrified Forest National ParkPetrified Forest National Park

ArizonaArizona

Has fossils from over 8,000 years Has fossils from over 8,000 years agoago


Salt River Bay National ParkSalt River Bay National Park

Virgin Island of St. CroixVirgin Island of St. Croix

Only known place where Only known place where Columbus’ men set foot.Columbus’ men set foot.

Mammoth Cave National ParkMammoth Cave National Park

KentuckyKentucky

The longest known cave system The longest known cave system in the world!in the world!


Death Valley National ParkDeath Valley National Park

California and NevadaCalifornia and Nevada

Hottest and driest park in U.S.Hottest and driest park in U.S.

Mesa Verde National ParkMesa Verde National Park

ColoradoColorado

The best preserved cliff dwellings The best preserved cliff dwellings known to man.known to man.


Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park

Montana and CanadaMontana and Canada

Over 1,000,000 acres, 2 Over 1,000,000 acres, 2 mountain ranges, 130 lakes, and mountain ranges, 130 lakes, and 1,000 species.1,000 species.

Yosemite National ParkYosemite National Park

CaliforniaCalifornia

Over 3.7 million people visit each Over 3.7 million people visit each year.year.


Big Bend National ParkBig Bend National Park

TexasTexas

Artifacts that are over 9,000 Artifacts that are over 9,000 years old.years old.

Cape Cod National ParkCape Cod National Park

MassachusettsMassachusetts

Protects previous shoreline and Protects previous shoreline and beaches.beaches.


Haleakala National ParkNational Park

MauiMaui

Features the Haleakala volcano Features the Haleakala volcano and 1.45 million visitors a year.and 1.45 million visitors a year.

Hawaii Volcanoes National ParkHawaii Volcanoes National Park

HawaiiHawaii

Has the world’s most massive Has the world’s most massive volcano and one of the most volcano and one of the most active volcanoes.active volcanoes.


Denali National ParkNational Park

AlaskaAlaska

Highest mountain in North Highest mountain in North America.America.

Glacier Bay National ParkGlacier Bay National Park

AlaskaAlaska

Almost entirely covered by a Almost entirely covered by a glacier…now the focus of climate glacier…now the focus of climate change research.change research.


Great Smoky Mountains National National ParkPark

TennesseeTennessee

Famous for its Appalachian trail.Famous for its Appalachian trail.

Hot Springs National ParkHot Springs National Park

ArkansasArkansas

Smallest national park in the U.S.Smallest national park in the U.S.


Mount Rainier National ParkNational Park

WashingtonWashington

Most glaciated mountain peak in Most glaciated mountain peak in U.S.U.S.

Crater Lake National ParkCrater Lake National Park

OregonOregon

Deepest lake in the U.S.Deepest lake in the U.S.


Dry Tortugas National ParkNational Park

Key WestKey West

Famous for coral reefs and Famous for coral reefs and abundant sea life.abundant sea life.

What are the two What are the two best sources for best sources for research?research?

Thursday, Thursday, November 8November 8thth

-Independent Independent ReadingReading-OutlinesOutlines-Works CitedWorks Cited-Double Entry Double Entry NotesNotes

Homework: - Double entry notes due Wednesday

Remember our analogy?Remember our analogy?Big chunk of rockBig chunk of rock

(lots of information)(lots of information)