Impact of Hypertension and Diabetes on Kidneys
Hypertension and How it Effects your Kidneys
What is hypertension?
A common, long term, condition
Narrowing of blood vessels; increasing resistance to blood flow
When hearth pumps blood through the narrow vessels, blood pressure goes up
Categories of Hypertension
Causes of hypertension• Primary hypertension
95% of causes of hypertension is unknown.
• Secondary hypertension
5% is caused by an underlined condition such as: Sleep Apnea, Kidney problems, Adrenal gland tumors,
Thyroid problems, Birth defects, Certain medications, Illegal drugs (cocaine and amphetamines), Poor diet, Alcohol, and Smoking use
Risk Factors
Increasing Age Common in men Common in African-Americans Tends to run in families Overweight and obese Inactive lifestyle Smoker/excessive alcohol High intake of sodium Stress Certain chronic conditions (kidney dieses, diabetes, and sleep apnea)
Complications of Uncontrolled Hypertension
Damage of arteries
Enlargement of the Heart
Heart Failure
Stroke
Visual Disturbances
Sexual Dysfunction
KIDNEY FAILURE
What is Kidney Failure?
A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Stages of Kidney Failure
Aftermath of Kidney Failure
Dialysis
3-4 hour treatments, 3-4 days per week
Effects lifestyle, ability to work, family dynamics, body image, decreases energy
Prevention
Lifestyle Modifications Healthy diet, daily exercise, and clean social habits
Diet
ALL VEGETABLES• Avoid potatoes and
French fries.
WHOLE GRAINS• Brown rice• Whole Wheat Bread• Whole Wheat Pasta• Limit white rice and
white bread.
HEALTHY PROTEIN• Chicken• Fish• Avoid red meat, cold cuts,
and all processed meats!
All fruits are healthy choices.
At least 8 cups of water a day.
Exercise
30 mins a day of exercise or brisk walking
Join a gym if feasible
Social Habits
Decrease alcohol Intake
White Wine vs Red Wine
Social Habits Smoking Cessation
Chantix Nicotine Patch Decrease in Cigarettes or Cigars until you reach ‘0’
per day
Social Habits
Meditation De-stress tactics
Social Habits
Avoid Fast Food Choose the right path by making healthier decisions.
Medication Compliance
Take medications as prescribed
Getting prescriptions refilled in a timely fashion
Do not miss doses
Do not double up on a dose if a dose is missed
Monitor Blood Pressure routinely
Keep a log of your blood pressure & take with you to appointments.
Impact of Diabetes on the Body
ØDiabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin
ØThe 2 most common types:
1. Type 1
2. Type 2
What is diabetes?
Types of Diabetes
ØType 1• Usually diagnosed in
children and young adults.• The body is not able to
make insulin.
ØType 2• This type occurs because the
body does not use enough insulin or use the insulin properly.
Mechanisms of Diabetes
Ø Diabetes is due to one of two mechanisms:
1. Insufficient production of insulin
2. Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin.
Common Causes of Diabetes?
ØFactors you can control:
• Poor lifestyle
• Obesity
• Unhealthy diet
• Gestational Diabetes
What Causes Diabetes? (cont’d)
ØFactors that you cannot control:
• Hereditary • Auto-Immune• Increasing Age
Complications of Diabetes
ØEye problems, such as Retinopathies
ØHeart disease
ØStroke
ØKidney disease
ØNerve damage
ØFoot problems
Diabetes and Eye Problems
ØDamage of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, fingers, feet and eyes.
ØScar tissue and detached retina.
Ø“sugar cataracts”
Diabetes and Heart Disease
ØPlaque formation in blood vessels leads to narrow vessels
Ø Improper circulation of blood will lead to a heart attack
Ø Individuals with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to have a heart attack than those without the disease (CDC, 2017).
Diabetes and Nerve Damage
ØDiabetes affects nerve fibers in the body, mainly the ones in the legs and feet.
ØNerve damage causes numbness and tingling.
Diabetes and Kidney Disease
ØDiabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in adults in the U.S. (CDC, 2017).
Ø Injured blood vessels in kidneys are unable to filter blood properly.
ØWeight gain and ankle swelling from retention of excess water and salt.
ØProtein may build–up in the urine, and waste materials will build up in the blood.
Signs of Kidney Disease
ØEarly Signs• Increased excretion of
albumin in the urine.
• Weight gain and ankle swelling may occur.
• Elevated blood pressure
Ø Late Signs • Nausea, vomiting, a loss
of appetite
• Weakness, increasing fatigue, itching, muscle cramps (especially in your legs)
• Anemia (a low blood count).
Prevention of Diabetes
ØManage your diabetes by ABC
• A for A1C Test. Average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. The goal is below 7%.
• B for Blood PressureThe blood pressure goal is below 140/90 mm Hg.
• C for CholesterolMonitor your cholesterol levels. The goal is less than 70-100.
Managing Diabetes ØKeep all your appointments
ØBring a log of your blood glucose readings as ordered by your provider
ØMake sure you visit your eye and foot provider yearly, and if you notice any changes (i.e. blurred vision, double vision) every year
ØUse all medications as prescribed
ØLifestyle and diet change with your provider
ØExercise at least 3 times a week for 30 mins per day
ØDental Check-up
Conclusion
Get healthy and stay healthy
Live a better lifestyle
Make healthier food choices
Make time for yourself and exercise.
Take your medications as prescribed
Share your knowledge with someone else
References
ØAmerican Heart Association. (2017). Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Diabetes/WhyDiabetesMatters/Cardiovascular-Disease-Diabetes_UCM_313865_Article.jsp#.WqINaejwbIU
ØCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Diabetic Basics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/research/index.html