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Introduction of Hydro Power
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Introduction
Most widely used renewable resource for
generation of electricity is hydropower.
The power obtained from river or ocean water is
called as hydropower.
Hydropower is the renewable source of energy
since water is available in large quantities.
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Region wise contribution of
Hydropower
REGION PERCENTAGE
NORTH 30.34WEST 13.86
SOUTH 37.2
EAST 15.27NORTH-EAST 37.72
INDIA 24.74
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Major Hydropower generating units
NAME OF DAMS STATE CAPACITY (MW)
BHAKRA PUNJAB 1100
NAGARJUNA ANDHRA PRADESH 960
KOYNA MAHARASHTRA 920
DEHAR HIMACHAL PRADESH 990
SHARAVATHY KARNATAKA 891
KALINADI KARNATAKA 810
SRISAILAM ANDHRA PRADESH 770
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Advantages of Hydropower Plant
Its life is about 50 years.
It does not cause any kind of pollution.
The running cost of this plant is very small.
These plants are reliable and give high efficiency.
It uses water as source of energy ; which can be
reused for various other purposes.
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Hydropower is an important renewable
energy source world wide...
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Large Scale
Small Scale
Micro
Sizes of Hydropower Plants
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Large Scale Hydropower plant
Large
hydropower
systems typically
require a dam.
Large plants :
capacity >30 MW.
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Small Scale Hydropower Plant
Small hydropower
facilities may involve
a small dam, or be a
diversion of the main
stream.
Small Plants :
capacity b/w 100 kW
to 30 MW.
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Micro Hydropower Plant
Micro Plants :
capacity up to 100
kW.
Micro-hydro facilities
typically use a run-of-
river system.
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Mechanism of a HydropowerPlant
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PRINCIPLE OFHYDRO POWER
PLANT
Water cycle in nature
Water surface
evaporation.
Precipitation ofclouds.
Collected back to the
oceans.
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How Hydropower Works!
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1.Dam 5.Generator
2.Intake 6.Transformer
3.Penstock 7. Outflow
4.Turbine 8. Power House
Elements or Components of aHydropower Plant
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DamsClassification of dams
Storage dams Diversion Dams
Detention Dams
Overflow Dams
Rockfill Dams
Gravity Dams
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Intake
A water intake must
be able to divert water
into a penstock
without producing anegative impact on
the environment.
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Penstock
Penstock is used as a
medium to convey
water from intake to
the tunnel and finallyto the power house.
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Turbines
Types of Hydro
Turbines:- Impulse turbines Pelton Wheel
Cross Flow Turbines
- Reaction turbines Propeller Turbines
Francis Turbines
Kaplan Turbines
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Impulse Turbines
Uses the velocity of the water to move the runner
and discharges to atmospheric pressure.
The water stream hits each bucket on the
runner.
High head.
Types : Pelton wheel, Cross Flow
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Pelton Wheels
Water with pressure
strikes the spoon
shaped buckets.
It reverses the flow ofwater and this
impulse spins the
turbine.
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Pelton Wheels (continued)
Suited for high head,
low flow sites.The largest units can
be up to200MW.
Can operate with
heads as small as15metersand as high as1,800 meters.
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Cross Flow Turbines
Drum-shaped
Elongated,
rectangular-section
directed against curved
vanes.
Squirrel cage blower
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Reaction Turbines
Combined action of pressure and moving water.
Lower head and higher flows than compared
with the impulse turbines.
Types of reaction turbines:- Propeller Turbines
Francis Turbines
Kaplan Turbines
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Propeller Hydropower Turbine
Runner with three to
six blades.
Water contacts all of
the blades constantly.
Through the pipe, the
pressure is constant
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Kaplan Turbine
It has adjustable
blades or pitch.
It allows efficient
power production inlow head application.
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Francis Turbines
Best suited for sites
with high flows and
low to medium head.
Efficiency of 90%.
Expensive to design,
and install.
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Generator
Generator is the
heart of hydropower
plant.
As the turbine bladesturn, so do the coil of
generator producing
current.
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Principle of Generator
The turbine turns,excitor sends anelectrical current
To the rotor. It spinsinside a tightly wound
coil of copper wireThe stator. Thus the
magnetic fields createelectric current.
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Transformers
A transformer is used
to step up the voltage
created by the
generator and pass itout to the power
house.
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Out flow
Used water from the
turbines is carried
through pipelines,
called tailraces, and it
thus re-enters the
river.
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Power House
The function of powerhouse is to protect the
mechanical equipment.
For this purpose acleaning machine called
TRASH TRACK is used.
It removes the materialfrom water to avoidentering the plant anddamaging the machines.
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we can experience
new, renewable
technologies with
the power of water!
Even here
in our deserthome,
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PGI/CIV/09/6935