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    HydropowerPlant Kops IIHydropower

    Plant Kops IIThe new pump storage plant

    of Vorarlberger Illwerke AGin Gaschurn-Partenen

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    The Hydropower Plant Kops II is located parallel to the existing Kops

    Plant I in the Inner Montafon. The complete power plant in the munici-

    pal territory of Gaschurn extends from Kops (1,800 m) over Tafamunt

    (1,700 m) into the valley to Rifa (1,000 m) between the tourist centres

    Gaschurn and Partenen.

    All parts of the plant, including the power house, are situated inside

    the mountain. Only the 220 kV switching station executed with space

    saving indoor SF6technology and access roads and gates to the facilities

    situated inside the mountain are visible.

    March 20th, 2003 Policy decision to build the

    Hydropower Plant Kops II

    April 2003 Initiation of preliminary examination

    procedure for environmental impact

    assessment (EIA)

    September 2003 Application for implementation of an

    environmental impact assessment (EIA)

    March 2004 Verbal permission request procedure

    pursuant to the law on the environmental

    impact assessment

    July 2004 Definitive decision by the supervisory board

    of Illwerke to proceed with construction

    August 2004 Building permit becomes legally valid

    September 2004 Start of construction

    End of 2007/ Planned commissioning of the first

    beginning 2008 set of machines

    June 2008 Commissioning of machines 2 and 3

    Construction time 3.5 years

    Sum invested approx. EUR 360 million

    The Vorarlberger Illwerke AG (Illwerke) operate in total nine Alpine Hy-

    droelectric Power Plants in the most western part of Austria in Vorarl-

    berg (Montafon and Walgau) . The first power plant, the Vermunt plant

    started operation in 1930. In the course of different extension programs

    a compound group of Hydroelectric Power Plants and water resources

    was implemented until 1984.

    The liberalization of the electricity market and the rapid development

    of wind energy with wind-forces that cannot be influenced have led

    to an increasing demand for peak and control energy as well as for the

    possibility of a pump storage in large Alpine reservoirs. Illwerke respon-

    ded to this demand by developing and constructing the highly efficient

    pump storage Power Plant Kops II.

    In March 2003 the supervisory boards of the Illwerke made the policy

    decision to build Hydropower Plant Kops II into the existing Upper Ill

    Lner Reservoir scheme ( = power plants in the Montafon) for the ge-

    neration of highly efficient peak and control energy. Hydropower Plant

    Kops II increases the capacity of Illwerke in pumping mode by 85% and

    in turbine operation by 36%. No additional water resources are needed,

    as Kops II uses the existing Kops Reservoir as upper reservoir and the

    existing balancing reservoir Rifa as lower reservoir.

    HYDROPOWER PLANT KOPS II3 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION3

    Important benefits and synergies

    of Hydropower Plant Kops II:

    n 450 MW additional turbine and pump capacity for flexible

    supply of peak and control energy for the European grid

    n Expansion of combined use of other renewable sources of

    energy, e.g. wind energy

    n Strong positioning in the liberalized electricity market

    n Increase in the economic viability of the entire Upper Ill

    Lner Reservoir hydroelectric scheme

    n Value-added activities and economic boost for the Province

    of Vorarlberg and the Montafon

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    The Hydropower Plant Kops II is a pump storage plant that can be used

    to regulate the grid in turbine mode as well as in pump mode and is

    located parallel to Hydropower Plant Kops I.

    System components

    nIntake / outlet structures in Kops Reservoir

    n Valve chamber and bypass shaft

    n Pressure tunnel (Versal tunnel II)

    n Two chamber surge tank with inclined shaft and 3 throttles

    nPressure shaft

    n High-head manifold piping

    n Underground power house

    - machine cavern- 3 hydroelectric generating sets with Pelton turbine,

    motor generator, clutch and storage pump

    - transformer cavern

    nTailwater system

    - 3 compressed air surge chambers

    - tailrace to Rifa balancing reservoir

    - two chamber trailrace surge tank

    - low pressure manifold pipes

    n Outlet / intake structures in Rifa balancing reservoir

    n 220-kV-SF6switching station

    THE TECHNOLOGY3

    surge tank pressure tunnel

    pressure shaft

    gallery Tafamunt

    tailrace tunnel

    underground power house

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    pressure tunnel

    Headrace

    Pressure tunnel Versal tunnel II

    The pressure tunnel runs parallel to the existing pressure tunnel of Hy-

    dropower Plant Kops I and was excavated mechanically by a double-

    shield tunnel boring machine. The favourable geological and hydrogeo-

    logical conditions permitted a lining of the 5.5 km long pressure tunnel

    with precast concrete elements. This type of lining is a construction me-

    thod perfectly adapted to the high-alpine location of the construction

    site.

    Surge tank Aussertafamunt

    With control procedures, e.g. changing from turbine into pump opera-

    tion, the water flow must abruptly be slowed down in the tunnel and

    has to be accelerated into the opposite direction. In order to avoid high

    dynamic pressures that would have an additional effect upon the head

    THE TECHNOLOGY3

    n Length 5,552 m

    n Internal diameter 4.90 m

    n Longitudinal gradient 0.4 %

    race system, certain amounts of water can get out towards the surge

    tank. The surge tank is sort of an equalizing reservoir reducing the pres-

    sure fluctuations and/or limiting the high dynamic pressures in the en-

    tire headwater.

    The surge tank Aussertafamunt is located in the transition area from thepressure tunnel to the pressure shaft and consists of a lower chamber

    with two connections to the pressure tunnel, an inclined shaft with a

    throttle in its lower end, as well as of an upper chamber and a ventilati-

    on shaft leading into the access tunnel Tafamunt.

    n Lower chamber total length 250 m

    internal diameter 7.00 m

    n Inclined shaft length 185 m

    internal diameter 5.10 m

    longitudinal gradient 49

    n Upper chamber length 235 m

    internal diameter 6.20 m

    discharge shaftsurge tank

    galleryOberwald

    valve chamber

    galleryTafamunt

    pressure shaft

    Kops Reservoir

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    Storage pumps can only be used if operated with 100% load. With a

    surplus of power in the grid the adaptation to the fluctuations have to

    be compensated by a controllable pump. In order to be able to assure a

    power control also in pump mode, the principle of the hydraulic short-

    circuit is used in Hydropower Plant Kops II. The difference between the

    steady take of full load of the pump and the lesser surplus of power in the

    grid is compensated by the simultaneous operation of the turbines to the

    necessary extent. Since the turbine is assuring a good control ability in the

    complete range, a good control ability will also be given in pump mode.

    In Hydropower Plant Kops II the time for changing between turbine ope-

    ration and pump mode will be short in accordance with the requests of

    the grid.

    In order to satisfy the market demands, Hydropower Plant Kops II has a

    full range of control ability of +/- 100 % in turbine operation and in pump

    mode.

    Power control should as much as possible be provided in a range between

    0 % and 100 % in turbine operation as well as in pump mode in order to

    cover the deviation of the real and the predicted power demand in the

    grid.

    Pelton turbines are used because they guarantee a highest possible effi-

    ciency for minor power demands and/or power surplus in the grid and an

    optimal control ability. To this effect the pump and the turbine must be

    separated, a clutch must be provided and the elements have to be arran-

    ged on a machine axis together with the motor generator.

    POWER CONTROL

    IN PUMPING MODE3

    Example of an hydraulic short-circuit

    with surplus of power in the grid 100 MW, pump capacity 150 MW

    G/M generator/motorruns with 100 MW

    T turbine(Pelton with Hydropower Plant Kops II)

    supplies additional 50 MW

    P pump receives 150 MW

    Q water flow

    Pgrid = 100 MW surplus

    balancing reservoir Rifa

    Q with 100 MWQ with 50 MW

    Q with 150 MWQ with 150 MW

    150 MW

    Q with 100 MW

    Kops Reservoir

    50 MW

    100 MW G/M

    T

    P

    Q with 50 MW

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    In general, the geological conditions were favourable for the construc-

    tion of the power plant, in several sections however, difficult geological

    conditions were encountered, as anticipated.

    The facilities of Hydropower Plant Kops II are located completely in the

    rock series consisting of Silvretta crystalline. These series consist for the

    most part in solid and hard rock as e.g. amphibolite, hornblende gneiss

    and other types of gneiss. Other less solid mica-schists have also been

    encountered.

    The findings made during the construction of Hydropower Plant Kops I

    during the sixties and during the construction of the exploration tunnel

    excavated in the year 2003 in the area of the actual transformer and

    machine cavern, as well as further exploration measures were essential.

    Never before, such high ecological demands had to be satisfied in Vor-

    arlberg for a construction project, as with Hydropower Plant Kops II. It

    was the first time an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was initi-

    ated and could be closed positively. Such a procedure guarantees that

    during the construction and the operation of Hydropower Plant Kops II

    man or nature are spared to the highest possible degree.

    More than 500 regulations assure that the construction will be made in

    an environmentally friendly way and that also the later operation will

    be technically safe and ecological.

    For the operation of Hydropower Plant Kops II no additional natural

    available water supply will be needed. The plant uses the Kops Reser-

    voir as headwater reservoir, the existing balancing reservoir Rifa in Par-

    tenen is used as tailrace reservoir and the energy is transported using

    an existing high-voltage line.

    Concerning the operation of the power plant, Illwerke voluntarily adop-

    ted an environmental management system pursuant to ISO 14000.

    GEOLOGY3 ENVIRONMENT3

    underground powerhouse

    balancing reservoirRifa

    pressure shaftl = 1.1 km

    surge tankdischarge shaft withreservoir outlet works

    valve chamber

    Kops Reservoir

    intake structure

    pressure tunnell = 5.5 km

    Legend

    talus material

    alluvium

    moraine

    schist gneiss and migmatite gneiss

    mica-schist

    amphibolite and hornblende gneiss

    granite- gneiss and aplite gneiss

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    Hydropower Plant layout ofVorarlberger Illwerke AG

    Tyrol

    Piz Buin3.312 m

    Vorarlberg

    Brand glaciers

    Lnersee Reservoir

    HydropowerPlant Walgau

    Bludenz

    Walgau

    Montafon Schruns

    Paznaun

    Ischgl Galtr

    Partenen

    source of Ill

    Silvretta Reservoir

    Hydropower PlantObervermunt

    VermuntReservoir

    Kops Reservoir

    Pumping StationKleinvermunt Hydropower

    Plant Kops I

    HydropowerPlant Kops II

    HydropowerPlant Rifa

    HydropowerPlant Vermunt Hydropower

    Plant Latschau

    HydropowerPlant Rodund I

    HydropowerPlant Rodund II

    HydropowerPlant Lnersee

    Vorarlberger Illwerke AG was founded in 1924 as a limited liability com-

    pany (GmbH) and has been a joint stock company (AG) located in Bre-

    genz since 1927. The primary shareholder of Illwerke is the Province of

    Vorarlberg, holding 95.5% of the shares. 4.5 % of the shares are in the

    possession of WEG-Wertpapiererwerbsgesellschaft m.b.H., Bregenz.

    With nine power plants, four reservoirs and several pump storage reser-voirs, the Illwerke hydroelectric scheme is the basis for generating elec-

    tricity from alpine water resources in the Montafon and the Walgau.

    Within the European grid that connects all power plants and consumers

    concerned, Illwerke supplies peak energy to its consumers and contrac-

    tual partners: Energie Baden-Wrttemberg AG (EnBW), the Province

    of Vorarlberg/Vorarlberger Kraftwerke AG (VKW) and the Province of

    Tyrol/TIWAG-Tiroler Wasserkraft AG, as well as the opportunity to take

    advantage of pump storage and additional energy services.

    Peak and control energy covers the peak demand periods that occur

    briefly but often during any given day in order to maintain the balan-

    ce between consumption and generation of electricity. During low de-

    mand periods in the grid, especially in case of a high supply of wind

    energy, Illwerkes power plants take energy of the grid to operate the

    pumps, a procedure known as pump storage. The water pumped intohigh-altitude reservoirs is then available for periods of high demand for

    peak and control energy. This practice of pump storage has proven to

    be highly effective.

    Illwerke provides its electricity customers with 1,248 MW turbine output

    and a pump capacity of 533 MW. Following the commissioning of Hy-

    dropower Plant Kops II, this makes up 1,700 MW of turbine output and

    980 MW of pump capacity.

    VORARLBERGER ILLWERKE AG3

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    Vorarlbergs history of electricity industry began more than a century

    ago. Due to the abounding watercourses and the good geographical

    conditions, Vorarlberg presented the ideal prerequisites for an econo-

    mically important development of hydropower. Founded as early as in

    1901 as a private company, the Vorarlberger Kraftwerke AG (VKW) beca-

    me in 1929 a province-owned company that covered the public demandof electricity.

    The Vorarlberger Illwerke AG (Illwerke) was founded in 1924 in view

    of the production of peak and control energy for its partners in the

    European grid.

    In the course of the liberalization of the European electricity market the

    companies merged on January 1st, 2001 as Illwerke/VKW group and

    have now a common management.

    The distribution of duties and responsibilities was reorganized within

    the Illwerke/VKW group. The core business of Illwerke concentrates on

    the production of energy and the operation of VKW power plants. The

    VKW concentrates on the distribution of energy in Vorarlberg and in

    the neighbouring Western Allgu and acts as electricity distributor. The

    VKW-Netz AG concentrates on the transportation of electricity and the

    operation of a distributing grid thus assuring a secure electricity supply

    in Vorarlberg.

    Bregenz

    Lindau

    Dornbirn

    Feldkirch

    Bludenz

    Schruns

    Partenen

    CH

    FRG

    FL

    Munich

    Friedrichs-

    hafen

    Altenrhein

    Zurich

    UlmStuttgart

    InnsbruckVienna

    HydropowerPlant Kops II

    A14

    A8A7

    S16

    L188

    A1/A13

    A96

    Vorarlberger Illwerke Aktiengesellschaft

    Weidachstrae 6, 6900 Bregenz, Austria

    T +43/5574/601-0, F +43/5574/601-78526

    www.illwerke.at

    www.kopswerk2.at

    [email protected]

    3 CONTACT3group

    group

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