Presentation prepared by Gastroenterology Specialists

Here, you will find a list of many of these disorders. By clicking

on the name of each, you will be led to the American College of

Gastroenterology’s Patient Education & Resource Center and be

able to learn more about the disease

Acid Reflux Barrett’s Esophagus

Gastroesophageal reflux is a physical condition in which acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus.

People will experience heartburn symptoms when excessive amounts of acid reflux into the esophagus.

Many describe heartburn as a feeling of burning discomfort, localized behind the breastbone, that moves up toward the neck and throat.

In order to understand Barrett's esophagus it is useful to understand the normal appearance of the esophagus.

In the normal esophagus, the tissue lining appears pale pink and smooth.

These flat square cells, called "squamous" (Latin for square) cells, make up the normal lining of the esophagus.

Gallbladder Disorders Cirrhosis of the Liver

Gallstones are collections of cholesterol, bile pigment or a combination of the two, which can form in the gallbladder or within the bile ducts of the liver.

If gallstones form in the biliarysystem they can cause blockage of the bile ducts, which normally drain bile from the gallbladder and liver.

Cirrhosis of the liver refers to scarring of the liver which results in abnormal liver function as a consequence of chronic (long-term) liver injury.

Cirrhosis can be caused by many conditions including fatty liver disease, inherited disorders, drug-induced injury, bile duct disorders and autoimmune diseases.

Colon Cancer Crohn’s Disease

Colorectal (large bowel) cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the inner lining of the colon or rectum.

Most colon and rectal cancers originate from benign wart-like growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum called polyps.

Crohn's disease (CD) belongs to a group of diseases collectively called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which also includes Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

It typically involves both the superficial and deep layers of the intestinal wall.

Diverticulitis Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Diverticulosis refers to the presence of small out-pouchings (called diverticula) or sacs that can develop in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

While diverticula can be present anywhere in the entire digestive tract, they are most common on the left side of the large intestine, the area known as the descending and sigmoid colon

Eosinophilic esophagitis (also known as EoE) is a disease characterized by the presence of a large number of a special type of white blood cell, the eosinophil, that can cause inflammation in the esophagus.

This inflammation can lead to stiffening or narrowing of the esophagus, which can lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or food getting stuck in the esophagus.

Gallstone Pancreatitis Hemorrhoids and Other Anal Disorders

Gallstone pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from blockage of the pancreas duct by a gallstone.

Gallstone pancreatitis can be a life-threatening disease and evaluation by a physician urgently is needed if someone with gallstones suddenly develops severe abdominal pain.

Hemorrhoids are blood vessels (veins) in the anal canal. When those blood vessels become swollen or dilated, symptoms may develop. Many people have hemorrhoids, but have no symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Cancers

Pancreatitis – Acute and Chronic

There are two main types of cancer that can occur in the esophagus.

Squamous cell carcinoma occurs more commonly in the upper or middle part of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma occurs in the lower part of the esophagus.

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by intermittent or constant upper abdominal pain. Other features of chronic pancreatitis include greasy or oily stool as well as difficult to control diabetes

Peptic Ulcer Disease Primary BiliaryCirrhosis

An “ulcer” is an open sore. The word “peptic” means that the cause of the problem is due to acid.

Most of the time when a gastroenterologist is referring to an “ulcer” the doctor means a peptic ulcer.

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that is characterized by inflammation and progressive destruction of the bile ducts.

In PBC, it is thought that the immune system attacks and destroys small bile duct cells in the liver.

Rectal Problems in Women

Small Bowel Bleeding

The rectum refers to the last four or five inches of the digestive tract.

The rectal outlet or opening is called the anal canal or anus.

Problems in this area are common, but many adults are too shy or embarrassed to ask their doctor about them.

The small bowel (or small intestine) is the longest portion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

It is called "small" because it is thin or narrow compared with the "large" bowel but it is much longer than the large bowel .

The small intestine is involved in nutrient absorption from food.

Stomach Cancer Ulcerative Colitis

Stomach cancer can develop in

any part of the stomach and

can spread throughout the

stomach and to other organs

such as the small intestines,

lymph nodes, liver, pancreas

and colon.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease marked by inflammation of the lining of the colon and rectum, together known as the large intestine.

This inflammation causes irritation in the lining of the large intestine which leads to the symptoms of UC.

Viral Hepatitis Wilson Disease

Although other viruses can

involve the liver, viral hepatitis

refers to inflammation of the

liver due to one of several

viruses that specifically attack

the liver. These viruses are

labeled with the letters A, B, C,

D and E. The most important

viruses in the United States are

viral hepatitis A, B and C.

Wilson disease is an inherited

disorder that causes too much

copper to accumulate in the

liver, brain, and other vital

organs.

In Wilson disease, a genetic

defect prevents the body from

getting rid of extra copper.

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