Download ppt - Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Chicago, January, 2007 Fifty years of parity-violation in nuclear physics Nuclear physics

Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics

Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Chicago, January, 2007

Fifty years of parity-violation in nuclear physics

Nuclear physics studies of fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model

Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP

The next decade presents NP with a historic opportunity to build on this legacy in developing the “new Standard Model”

The value of our contribution will be broadly recognized outside the field

• Pre-Town Meeting Caltech Dec. 7-8, 2006

• This Town Meeting

• White paper

Community Input

Substantial work by the organizing committee

Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)

Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?


Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successes

to explain the microphysics of the present universe

It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle

SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y

• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) & light element abundances

• Weak interactions in stars & solar burning

• Supernovae & neutron stars

• Sea quarks & gluons

• Weak NN interaction

SM Unfinished Business

Electroweak probes can provide new insights




Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve

1. Origin of matter2. Unification & gravity

3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos

What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?

• Supersymmetry ?• New gauge interactions?• Extra dimensions ?

Scientific Questions, Achievements & Challenges

Scientific Questions

• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, 13 …

• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g-2,…

• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? decay, 13, decay,…

• What is the internal landscape of the proton? PVES, hadronic PV, scattering,… Tribble report

Scientific Achievements

• World’s most precise measurement of (g-2) Possible first indications of supersymmetry; over 800 citations

• Most precise measurement of sin2W off the Z0 resonance using PV Moller scattering; constrains new physics at the TeV scale (Z’, RPV SUSY…)

• Definitive determinations of strange quark contributions to nucleon EM form factors using PV electron-proton & electron-nucleus scattering; confirmed theoretical estimates of hadronic effects in electroweak radiative corrections


• Quark-lepton universality tested to 0.05% using superallowed nuclear -decay, yielding most precise value of any CKM matrix element (Vud) 2006 Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics recognizing work of Towner & Hardy

• Completion of a comprehensive set of computations of supersymmetric effects in low-energy electroweak observables; 2005 Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics to A. Kurylov

• Reduction in the theoretical hadronic uncertainty in extraction of Vud from neutron and nuclear -decay


• Development of a EFT treatments of parity violation in the nucleon-nucleon interaction that will guide the future experimental program at the SNS and NIST

• Substantial technical developments opening the way for searches for the permanent EDMs of the neutron, neutral atoms, deuteron and electron with 2-4 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity

Technological Achievements & Investments

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Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at SNS

1.4 MW , 1 GeV H- beam on L Hg

Also new capabilities at LANSCE, NIST…



CEBAF 12 GeV Up-grade



Muon storage ring at BNL



ISAAC, RIAcino….

Challenges: What role can low energy studies play in the LHC era ?

Two frontiers in the search for new physics

Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)

High energy physics

Particle, nuclear & atomic physics

CERN

Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider

Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision

The Origin of Matter New Forces in the Early Universe Electroweak Probes of QCD

Scientific Opportunities

The Origin of Matter & Energy



Cosmic Energy Budget

?

Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?

WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis?

“New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ?

Weak scale baryogenesis can be tested experimentally

“Known Unknowns”

Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component

Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics

Weak Scale Baryogenesis

• B violation

• C & CP violation

• Nonequilibrium dynamics

Sakharov, 1967

?

ϕ new

?

φ(x)

Unbroken phase

Broken phaseCP Violation

Topological transitions

1st order phase transition

?

γ

?

e -?

ψnew• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?

?

ϕ new

?

ϕ new

90’s: Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson Joyce, Prokopec, Turok

EDM Probes of New CP Violation

f dSM dexp dfuture

€

e−

n199Hg

μ

< 10−40

< 10−30

< 10−33

< 10−28

< 1.6 ×10−27

< 3.0 ×10−26

< 2.1×10−28

< 1.1×10−18

→ 10−31

→ 10−29

→ 10−32

→ 10−24

CKM

If new EWK CP violation is responsible for abundance of matter, will these experiments see an EDM?

Also 225Ra, 129Xe, d

SNS, ILL, PSI

Yale, Indiana, Amherst

ANL, Princeton, TRIUMF…

BNL

Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders

Prospective dePresent dePresent de Prospective de

LHC reach

Present de Prospective de

LHC reach

LEP II excl

dn similar

Theory progress & challenge: refined computations of baryon asymmetry & EDMs

ILC reach

baryogenesis

Dark Matter & Baryogenesis: Solar s

€

€

Z 0

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ χ 0

baryogenesis

Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

Gravitational capture in sun followed by annihilation into high energy neutrinos

No signal in SuperK detector

Assuming CD

M

Future

Ice Cube

Precision Probes of New Symmetries



New Symmetries

1. Origin of Matter2. Unification & gravity

3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos

€

−

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ μ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

e

€

W −

€

e−

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?

Precision Electroweak Measurements and Collider Searches are Complementary

• Precision measurements predicted a range for mt

before top quark discovery

• mt >> mb !

• mt is consistent with that range

• It didn’t have to be that way

Radiative corrections

Direct Measurements

Stunning SM Success

J. Ellison, UCI

Probing Fundamental Symmetries beyond the SM:

Use precision low-energy measurements to probe virtual effects of new symmetries & compare with collider results

Weak decays

€

n → p e− ν e

A(Z,N) → A(Z −1,N +1) e+ ν e

π + → π 0 e+ ν e

-decay

€

GFβ

GFμ

= Vud 1+ Δrβ − Δrμ( )

€

MWγ =GF

2

ˆ α

8πln

MZ2

Λ2

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟+ CγW (Λ)

⎡

⎣ ⎢

⎤

⎦ ⎥

γ

W

ν e p

e− n

SM theory input

Recent Marciano & Sirlin

CKM Summary: PDG04CKM Summary: PDG04

UC

NA

CKM Summary: New VCKM Summary: New Vus us & & nn ? ?

New n !!

UC

NA

New 0+ info ?

Vus & Vud theory ?

Weak decays & new physics

€

u c t( )

Vud Vus Vub

Vcd Vcs Vcb

Vtd Vts Vtb

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

d

s

b

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

€

d → u e− ν e

s → u e− ν e

b → u e− ν e

€

−

€

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ μ −

€

˜ ν μ

€

e

€

W −

€

e−

€

u

€

d€

e

€

e−

€

˜ χ 0

€

˜ χ −€

˜ u

€

˜ ν e

€

+L

€

+LSUSY€

δOSUSY

OSM~ 0.001

Correlations

€

dW ∝1 + ar p e ⋅

r p ν

Ee Eν

+ Ar σ n ⋅

r p eEe

+ L

Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E

SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA?

Vud from neutron decay: LANSCE, SNS, NIST

Similarly unique probes of new physics in muon and pion decay

SUSY models

CKM, (g-2) MW, MtM˜ μ L >M˜ q L

Weak Mixing in the Standard Model

Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing

JLab Future

SLAC Moller

Parity-violating electron scattering

Z0 pole tension

Probing SUSY with PV Electron Scattering

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δ Q

WP

, S

US

Y /

QW

P,

SM

RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana s

SUSY Loops

δ QWe, SUSY / QW

e, SM

g-2

12 GeV

6 GeV

E158

Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment

γ

QED

Z

Weak Had LbL

Had VP

SUSY Loops



SM Loops

Future goal




Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successes

to explain the microphysics of the present universe

It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle

SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y

• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) & light element abundances

• Weak interactions in stars & solar burning

• Supernovae & neutron stars

• Sea quarks & gluons

• Weak NN interaction

SM Unfinished Business

Electroweak probes can provide new insights

Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM

12 GeV 6 GeV

e-

N X

e-

Z* γ*

d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2W

Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations

Charge sym in pdfs

€

up (x) = dn (x)?

d p (x) = un (x)?

Parity-Violating NN Interaction

€

N

€

N€

±, ρ, ω

T=1 force

T=

0 fo

rce

Long range: -exchange?

€

q

€

q

€

W ±,Z 0

€

€

+L

€

+L

€

€

€

€

€

+

Effective Field Theory

•Model Independent (7 LECs)

•Few-body systems (SNS, NIST…)

•QCD: weak qq interactions in strong int environment

•Weak Int in nuclei (0 decay)

Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics: Opportunities for Great Impact

Fifty years of parity-violation in nuclear physics

• Support university rsch (exp’t & th’y)

• EDMs !

• Magnets for SNS

• Electroweak program at JLab (6 & 12 GeV)

• Muon g-2

• Cross disciplines: DM & LFV

Let’s continue the legacy !

Back Matter

Organizing Committee

Neutrino SubcommitteeSymmetries Subcommittee

Balantekin Baha University of WisconsinDrexlin Guido University of KarlsruheElliott Steve Los Alamos National LabFuller George UC San DiegoHerzog Dave University of IllinoisHolstein Barry University of MassachusettsHuffman Paul North Carolina State UniversityKlein Josh University of Texas, AustinKumar Krishna University of MassachusettsMarciano Bill Brookhaven National LabMcLaughlin Gail North Carolina State UniversityRamsey-Musolf Michael University of WisconsinNico Jeff NISTOpper Allena George Washington UniversityPoon Alan Lawrence Berkeley National LabRobertson Hamish University of WashingtonSavard Guy Argonne, ChicagoVogelaar Bruce Virginia TechWilburn Scott Los Alamos National Lab

Greene Geoff Oak Ridge Nationa Lab/U. Tennessee

/Caltech

Participants

Group A: ~ 28Group B: ~ 13Group C: ~ 27

TOTAL: ~ 45

Working Groups

Group A: Precision Studies of Standard Model Electroweak ProcessesBill Marciano*Dave Hertzog (weak decays, PVES, g-2,…)Brad Filippone

Group B: Electroweak Probes of Hadron and Nuclear StructureGeoff Greene*Barry Holstein (PVES, hadronic PV,…)

Group C: Rare and Forbidden ProcessesAllena Opper*Paul Huffman (EDM, LFV, dark matter,…)

Other: Dark Matter (joint with Neutrinos)Spencer KleinGeorge Fuller (in Chicago)