FQ: How did the Cold War affect nations FQ: How did the Cold War affect nations around the world?around the world?
Do Now- Review Vocabulary WordsDo Now- Review Vocabulary WordsDefine the following words (Don’t look at your notes)Define the following words (Don’t look at your notes)
Cold WarCold WarContainmentContainment
Truman DoctrineTruman DoctrineMarshall PlanMarshall Plan
Communists vs. NationalistsCommunists vs. Nationalists
World War II in ChinaWorld War II in China Mao ZedongMao Zedong—leads Chinese Communists —leads Chinese Communists
against Japanese invadersagainst Japanese invaders Jiang JieshiJiang Jieshi (a.k.a. (a.k.a. Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek)—)—
leads of Chinese Nationalists in World War IIleads of Chinese Nationalists in World War II Nationalist and Communist Chinese resume Nationalist and Communist Chinese resume
civil war after WWII endscivil war after WWII ends
Communists vs. NationalistsCommunists vs. Nationalists
Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi (a.k.a. Chiang Kai-shek)
The Two Chinas Affect the Cold WarThe Two Chinas Affect the Cold War
The Superpowers ReactThe Superpowers React U.S. supports Nationalist state in Taiwan, U.S. supports Nationalist state in Taiwan,
called Republic of Chinacalled Republic of China Soviets and China agree to help each other in Soviets and China agree to help each other in
event of attackevent of attack U.S. tries to stop Soviet expansion and U.S. tries to stop Soviet expansion and
spread of communism in Chinaspread of communism in China
The Two Chinas Affect the Cold WarThe Two Chinas Affect the Cold War
China Expands under the CommunistsChina Expands under the Communists China takes control of Tibet and southern China takes control of Tibet and southern
MongoliaMongolia India welcomes Tibetan refugees fleeing India welcomes Tibetan refugees fleeing
revolt against Chineserevolt against Chinese China and India clash over border; fighting China and India clash over border; fighting
stops but tensions remainstops but tensions remain
The Communists Transform ChinaThe Communists Transform China
Communists Claim a New “Mandate of Communists Claim a New “Mandate of Heaven”Heaven” Chinese Communists organize national Chinese Communists organize national
government and Communist Partygovernment and Communist Party
Mao’s Brand of Marxist SocialismMao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism Mao takes property from landowners and Mao takes property from landowners and
divides it among peasantsdivides it among peasants Government seizes private companies and Government seizes private companies and
plans production increaseplans production increase
The Communists Transform ChinaThe Communists Transform China
The Great Leap ForwardThe Great Leap Forward CommunesCommunes—large collective farms often —large collective farms often
supporting over 25,000 peoplesupporting over 25,000 people Program is ended after inefficiency leads to Program is ended after inefficiency leads to
crop failures and faminescrop failures and famines
The Communists Transform ChinaThe Communists Transform China
The Cultural RevolutionThe Cultural Revolution Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution—movement to build society of —movement to build society of
peasants and workerspeasants and workers Red GuardsRed Guards—groups of violent and radical youth——groups of violent and radical youth—
close schools and execute or imprison many close schools and execute or imprison many intellectualsintellectuals
In 1968, Chinese army imprisons, executes, or exiles In 1968, Chinese army imprisons, executes, or exiles most Red Guards who have been labeled by the most Red Guards who have been labeled by the government “Counter Revolutionary.”government “Counter Revolutionary.”
However, the Cultural Revolution continues until However, the Cultural Revolution continues until Mao’s death in 1976.Mao’s death in 1976.
Korea- Peninsular- surrounded by 3 sides of water
Japan- archipelago- chain/group/cluster of islands
War in KoreaWar in Korea
A Divided LandA Divided Land 3838thth parallel parallel—line dividing Korea into North —line dividing Korea into North
Korea and South KoreaKorea and South Korea
War in KoreaWar in Korea
Standoff at the 38Standoff at the 38thth Parallel Parallel In 1950, North Koreans invade South Korea with In 1950, North Koreans invade South Korea with
Soviet supportSoviet support South Korea requests UN assistance; 15 nations South Korea requests UN assistance; 15 nations
send troopssend troops Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur—leads UN forces against North —leads UN forces against North
KoreansKoreans North Koreans controls most of the peninsula when North Koreans controls most of the peninsula when
MacArthur attacksMacArthur attacks Half of North Korea’s army surrenders, the rest retreatHalf of North Korea’s army surrenders, the rest retreat
War in KoreaWar in Korea
The Fighting ContinuesThe Fighting Continues UN troops push North Koreans almost to UN troops push North Koreans almost to
Chinese borderChinese border Chinese send 300,000 troops against UN Chinese send 300,000 troops against UN
forces and capture Seoulforces and capture Seoul MacArthur calls for nuclear attack and is MacArthur calls for nuclear attack and is
removed from commandremoved from command In 1953, cease fire signed and border In 1953, cease fire signed and border
established at 38established at 38thth parallel parallel
War in KoreaWar in Korea
Aftermath of the WarAftermath of the War North Korea builds collective farms, heavy North Korea builds collective farms, heavy
industry, nuclear weaponsindustry, nuclear weapons South Korea establishes democracy, growing South Korea establishes democracy, growing
economy with U.S. aideconomy with U.S. aid
War Breaks Out in VietnamWar Breaks Out in VietnamThe Road to WarThe Road to War
Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh—Vietnamese —Vietnamese nationalist, later Communist nationalist, later Communist leaderleader
The Fighting BeginsThe Fighting Begins In 1954, French surrender to In 1954, French surrender to
Vietnamese after major Vietnamese after major defeatdefeat
Domino theoryDomino theory—U.S. —U.S. theory of Communist theory of Communist expansion in Southeast Asia. expansion in Southeast Asia. If one country falls to If one country falls to communism then the rest will communism then the rest will fall as well.fall as well.
Ho Chi Minh
War Breaks Out in VietnamWar Breaks Out in VietnamVietnam—A Divided Vietnam—A Divided CountryCountry International peace International peace
conference agrees on a conference agrees on a divided Vietnamdivided Vietnam
Ngo Dinh DiemNgo Dinh Diem—leads —leads anti-Communist government anti-Communist government in South Vietnamin South Vietnam
VietcongVietcong—South —South Vietnamese Communist Vietnamese Communist guerillas fighting against guerillas fighting against DiemDiem
Ngo Dinh Diem
The United States Gets InvolvedThe United States Gets Involved
U.S. Troops Enter the FightU.S. Troops Enter the Fight In 1964, U.S. sends troops to fight Viet Cong In 1964, U.S. sends troops to fight Viet Cong
and North Vietnameseand North Vietnamese U.S. fights guerilla war defending increasingly U.S. fights guerilla war defending increasingly
unpopular governmentunpopular government Vietcong gains support from Ho Chi Minh, Vietcong gains support from Ho Chi Minh,
China, and Soviet UnionChina, and Soviet Union
The United States Gets InvolvedThe United States Gets Involved
The United States WithdrawsThe United States Withdraws War grows unpopular in the U.S.; in 1969, War grows unpopular in the U.S.; in 1969,
Nixon starts withdrawing troopsNixon starts withdrawing troops VietnamizationVietnamization—Nixon’s plan to withdraw —Nixon’s plan to withdraw
U.S. from war graduallyU.S. from war gradually Last U.S. troops leave in 1973; South Vietnam Last U.S. troops leave in 1973; South Vietnam
overrun in 1975overrun in 1975
The Vietnam War EndsThe Vietnam War Ends
Vietnam after the WarVietnam after the War Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam
united as Communist nationunited as Communist nation About 1.5 million people flee Vietnam, some About 1.5 million people flee Vietnam, some
settling in the U.S. and Canadasettling in the U.S. and Canada In 1995, United States normalizes relations In 1995, United States normalizes relations
with Vietnamwith Vietnam
CambodiaCambodiaCambodia in TurmoilCambodia in Turmoil
Khmer RougeKhmer Rouge——Communist rebels who Communist rebels who take control of Cambodia in take control of Cambodia in 19751975
They slaughter 2 million They slaughter 2 million people; overthrown by people; overthrown by Vietnamese invadersVietnamese invaders
In 1993, Cambodia adopts In 1993, Cambodia adopts democracy, holds elections democracy, holds elections with UN helpwith UN help
Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge (Cambodian Communist Party, literally “Red Khmers”) in 1977 at the height of his power
Postwar Southeast AsiaPostwar Southeast AsiaThe Killing FieldsThe Killing Fields were were a number of sites in a number of sites in Cambodia where large Cambodia where large numbers of people were numbers of people were killed and buried by the killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime, Khmer Rouge regime, during its rule of the during its rule of the country from 1975 to country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after 1979, immediately after the end of the Vietnam the end of the Vietnam War.War.
Postwar Southeast AsiaPostwar Southeast AsiaAt least 200,000 people At least 200,000 people were executed by the were executed by the Khmer Rouge (while Khmer Rouge (while estimates of the total estimates of the total number of deaths number of deaths resulting from Khmer resulting from Khmer Rouge policies, including Rouge policies, including disease and starvation, disease and starvation, range from 1.4 to 2.2 range from 1.4 to 2.2 million out of a population million out of a population of around 7 million).of around 7 million).
A commemorative stupa filled with the skulls of the victims.
Fighting for the Third WorldFighting for the Third World
More Than One “World”More Than One “World” Third WorldThird World—developing nations; often —developing nations; often
newly independent, nonalignednewly independent, nonaligned
Cold War StrategiesCold War Strategies U.S., Soviet Union, and China compete for U.S., Soviet Union, and China compete for
influence over the Third Worldinfluence over the Third World They back revolutions and give economic , They back revolutions and give economic ,
military and technical aidmilitary and technical aid
Fighting for the Third WorldFighting for the Third World
Association of Nonaligned NationsAssociation of Nonaligned Nations Many countries, like India, want to avoid Many countries, like India, want to avoid
involvement in the Cold Warinvolvement in the Cold War In 1955, Indonesia hosts Asian and African In 1955, Indonesia hosts Asian and African
leaders who want neutralityleaders who want neutrality Nonaligned nationsNonaligned nations—independent countries —independent countries
not involved in the Cold Warnot involved in the Cold War
Confrontations in Latin AmericaConfrontations in Latin America
Fidel Castro and the Cuban RevolutionFidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution Fidel CastroFidel Castro—leads revolt in Cuba against —leads revolt in Cuba against
dictator supported by the U.S.dictator supported by the U.S. By 1959, Castro in power, nationalizes By 1959, Castro in power, nationalizes
economy, takes U.S. propertyeconomy, takes U.S. property In 1961, Castro defeats U.S. trained Cuban In 1961, Castro defeats U.S. trained Cuban
exiles at the Bay of Pigsexiles at the Bay of Pigs
Confrontations in Latin AmericaConfrontations in Latin America
Nuclear Face-off: the Cuban Missile CrisisNuclear Face-off: the Cuban Missile Crisis In 1962, U.S. demands removal of Soviet In 1962, U.S. demands removal of Soviet
missiles in Cubamissiles in Cuba Soviets withdraw missiles; U.S. promises not Soviets withdraw missiles; U.S. promises not
to invade Cubato invade Cuba Cuban economy is left dependent on Soviet Cuban economy is left dependent on Soviet
supportsupport
Confrontations in Latin AmericaConfrontations in Latin AmericaCivil War in NicaraguaCivil War in Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza DebayleAnastasio Somoza Debayle—Nicaraguan dictator —Nicaraguan dictator
supported by the U.S.supported by the U.S. Daniel OrtegaDaniel Ortega—leads —leads SandinistaSandinista rebels who take rebels who take
power in Nicaraguapower in Nicaragua U.S. and Soviet Union both initially support U.S. and Soviet Union both initially support
SandinistasSandinistas Sandinistas aid Communist rebels in El SalvadorSandinistas aid Communist rebels in El Salvador U.S. helps anti-Communist U.S. helps anti-Communist ContrasContras in Nicaragua to in Nicaragua to
assist El Salvadorassist El Salvador In 1990, Nicaragua holds first free elections, In 1990, Nicaragua holds first free elections,
Sandinistas loseSandinistas lose
Daniel Ortega on Time magazine, March 31, 1986
Anastasio Somoza Debayle (U.S. supported president of Nicaragua from 1967-1980)
Confrontations in the Middle EastConfrontations in the Middle East
Religious and Secular Religious and Secular Values Clash in IranValues Clash in Iran Shah Reza Pahlavi Shah Reza Pahlavi
embraces Western embraces Western governments and oil governments and oil companiescompanies
Iranian nationalists Iranian nationalists overthrow shah, seize overthrow shah, seize British oil companyBritish oil company
U.S. restores shah to U.S. restores shah to power, fearing Soviet power, fearing Soviet encroachmentencroachment
Shah Reza PahlaviShah Reza Pahlavi
Confrontations in the Middle EastConfrontations in the Middle East
The United States The United States Supports Secular RuleSupports Secular Rule
Shah Reza Pahlavi Shah Reza Pahlavi westernizes Iran with U.S. westernizes Iran with U.S. supportsupport
Ayatollah Ruholla Ayatollah Ruholla KhomeiniKhomeini—Iranian Muslim —Iranian Muslim leader; lives in exileleader; lives in exile
In 1978, Khomeini sparks In 1978, Khomeini sparks riots in Iran, Shah fleesriots in Iran, Shah flees
Confrontations in the Middle EastConfrontations in the Middle East
Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. PoliciesKhomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies Islamic revolutionaries hold Islamic revolutionaries hold
American hostages in Tehran American hostages in Tehran (1979-1981) for 444 days(1979-1981) for 444 days
Muslim radicals take control in Iran, Muslim radicals take control in Iran, increasing tensions with Iraqincreasing tensions with Iraq
Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein, fearing the , fearing the spread of the Iranian Revolution spread of the Iranian Revolution into Iraq, attacks Iran.into Iraq, attacks Iran.
Iran and Iraq fight an 8-year war; Iran and Iraq fight an 8-year war; U.S. aids both sides, Soviets help U.S. aids both sides, Soviets help IraqIraq
Confrontations in the Middle EastConfrontations in the Middle East
The Superpowers Face Off in AfghanistanThe Superpowers Face Off in Afghanistan Soviets invade Afghanistan to help Soviets invade Afghanistan to help
Communist government against rebelsCommunist government against rebels Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against
Soviets with U.S. weaponsSoviets with U.S. weapons U.S. stops grain shipments to Soviet UnionU.S. stops grain shipments to Soviet Union Soviets eventually withdraw in 1989Soviets eventually withdraw in 1989