Download pdf - Final Technical Requisites

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L Technical Requisites CHRISTIAN BROOKLAND MARCH2

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CONTENTS

4-17 THESIS

18-23 STRUCTURE

24-29 TECTONICS

30-37 CONSTRUCTION

38-45 ENVIRONMENT/SERVICES

46-48 LIGHTING

49 FIRE/ACCESS

50 http://digitaltectonics.org/blog/

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Oxford boasts the oldest University of Great Britain, which has given the city its famous reputation based around the college system and its accompanying history of academia.A further, less celebrated aspect of Oxford is the research some of the departments are involved in, such as animal testing. The con-troversy and uncertainty revolving around the laboratories is the reverse side to the story, the dark face of Oxford.

This state of imbalance between the colleges and the labs I have dif-ferentiated between as Extroverted VS Introverted.

INTROVERSION VS EXTROVERSION - Gradience and Transparency through Architecture

ANALSIS OF OXFORD

In order to gain an understanding of the varying gradation ranging from Oxfords tourist image (displayed) and its more exclusive or hid-den destinations (inward looking), I conduced the analysis depicted in the map on the right hand side.According to several paramaters such as entrance fee or seasonalopening patterns to institutions and colleges alike I evaluated the varying levels of accessibility throughout the city centre and the sci-ence campus.

MOSTEXTROVERT/ACCESSIBLE

MOSTINTROVERT/INACCESSIBLE

SITE

Parameters:

_EntranceFee_Prioritisation_BlueBadgeGuide_OpeningTimes_GroupRestrictions

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1_ChristChurch2_RadcliffeCamera3_AshmoleanMuseum4_PittRiversMuseum

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ACCESS

The site is adjacent to Oxfords high street and is linked to several important walking routes passing through the variouscollege gardens. The site mainly attracts pedestrian activity, as parking inOxford is very limited. However a Park&Ride service bringsyou close to the Botanic Gardens.

WALKING PATH

HIGH STREET

MOSTPUBLIC/ACCESSIBLE

MOSTPRIVATE/INACCESSIBLE

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GRADATION OF ACCESSIBILITY

To support the architectural strategyin relation to the existing buildings and gardens situated on the site, the varyinglevels of accessibility were studied. This took into account the high courtyard wall, the varying levels, the potential for movement and routes etc.

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INTEGRATED COMPONENTS

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EXISTING CAMPUS

Department of Plant Sciences:28 academic staff

60 postdoctoral researchers40 technicians and admin staff

Department of Zoology:70 academic staff

100 postdoctoral researchers

INSTITUTIONAL SETUP

In the context of its longstanding traditionOxford University has a unique college system,whereby several colleges feed into peerfaculties and departments.The diagram below explains their interrelationship.

Provision: - Teaching space for 50 postgraduate students - Lecture theatre - Professors accomodation

-public spaces / cafe etc-main research spaces / laboratories-new greenhouses/test spaces for botany

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TECTONCS/MODELLING

Whilst experimenting with model mak-ing and materials for the Primer, I de-veloped a theme of transparency and layers of exposure early on. This has eventually translated through into my tectonic strategy in the use of mem-brane and structure.

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BIOMES

The idea of offering more than just new greenhouses, but to create artificial environments which house species of a particu-lar region by mimicing the natural conditions of the climate they are associated with.

This establishes entire environments within which the academics can perform hands on, state of the art research on botany, and the public can be directly involved in the different atmospheres and qualitites of several biomes, encouraging their education through interaction with the biomes characteristics, rather than being presented with an exclusive exhibit.

Their location within the site as well as the form are derived from further analysis in terms of suitability for climatic op-portunities.

BIOSPHERE 2 // ARIZONA

EDEN PROJECT // CORNWALL

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HIERARCHY IN BIOMES CRITERIA

The following study determines what environmental criteria applies most for each region. This can then be directly translated into design decisions.

HUMI

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TROPICAL

MEDITERRANEAN

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BANANATREEMEDINILASTERN ANTHURIUMBUSH BIRDOFPARADISE HELICONIA BROMELIAD ANANAS SPICEPLANTS COMMONFERNS COFFEEBEANTREE SOFTTOUCHBROM.ANTHURIUMBROM.ALOCASIAPLANT

ALOELIMETREE LEMONTREE CALIFORNIAPOPPY PROTEA COMMONPOPPY

JADECACTUSSTRAWBERRYCACTUSWELWITSCHIAMIRABILIS HOODIAGORDONII BARRELCACTEI FINGERCAC. SAGUAROCAC. STARCAC. BOTTLETREE ARGUNPALM

MED.HERBS LUPINS OLIVETREES CITRUSTREE CHAPARALL PROTEA VINESBORAGEHERBPLANTALOE

HOT/COLD

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TROPICAL

MEDITERRANEAN

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BANANATREEMEDINILASTERN ANTHURIUMBUSH BIRDOFPARADISE HELICONIA BROMELIAD ANANAS SPICEPLANTS COMMONFERNS COFFEEBEANTREE SOFTTOUCHBROM.ANTHURIUMBROM.ALOCASIAPLANT

ALOELIMETREE LEMONTREE CALIFORNIAPOPPY PROTEA COMMONPOPPY

JADECACTUSSTRAWBERRYCACTUSWELWITSCHIAMIRABILIS HOODIAGORDONII BARRELCACTEI FINGERCAC. SAGUAROCAC. STARCAC. BOTTLETREE ARGUNPALM

MED.HERBS LUPINS OLIVETREES CITRUSTREE CHAPARALL PROTEA VINESBORAGEHERBPLANTALOE

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PLANT GROWTH CRITERIA

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SUN PATH AND SHADOW ANALSIS using ecotect

This established appropriate locations for each biome within the site, for example the tropical biome being most exposed and linking with the river to make the most of humidity - whereas the desert biome relates more closely to the stony courtyard wall.

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[Academic use only]

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STEEL FRAME

STRUCTURALLY INSULATED PANELS(SIP)

STRUCTURAL GRID

[Academic use only]

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[Academic use only]

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FOUNDATION STRATEGY // Steel Frame

Fixed Base columns:

Each column is fixed securely to the ground with little to no movement at base level. The frames junctions however, (where the ETFE cushions meet the structure) allow for some cantilever in the frame, providing scope for some movement and bending under wind loads.

Base detail

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FOUNDATION STRATEGY // SIPs units

The panels rest on 300mm trench stripfoundations. In all situations there are no more than one story loads being carried,allowing for smaller foundations

[Academic use only]

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STRUCTURE

Looking at the tropical biome in detail, as its relative height and slenderness calls for a structural response concerning lateral and vertical wind loads.

bracing detail

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acts like a hangar structure

weight of cantilver is distributed to an an-chor in the ground via tension rods

cantilever

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TECTONIC SITUATION ON SITE

The gardens are flanked by a large stone wall listed as grade 1. This demands a senstive approach to the existing situation, both in design and tectonic approach.

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TECTONIC AMBITION / APPROACH

In reaction to the existing stone wall and classical buildings, it was decided to mirror the existing build-ings roughly in scale so as not to try and overpower them, but to complement their mutual views and profiles. Many of the chosen precedents express a clarity in structure and succesfully portray a deep layering of structure, foliage, screens etc. In the light of this something similar seemed to be appropriate, however also adding something slight-ly more contemporary in technology and aesthetic quality.

Combining ETFE and steel would allow for a lot of flexibility and freedom in sizing and design, but more importantly, given the nature of the ETFE be-ing comparable to an inflated lung, it manages to convey a sense of the living organism which doesnt become stagnant but is contiuously in operation. This needed to be combined with user interaction and at-mospheric response.

ETFE is used as the main cladding material instead of glass - some of the characteristics opposite speak in favour of this chosen tectonic approach.

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ETFE DATA

U - Value of 1.95

-little need for maintenance

-very low water vapour permeability

-high light translucency - up tp 90 percent

-extreme resistance to weathering

-very high resistance to tearing

-linear elastic behaviour and a high elongation

-able to deal with large deformation

-prior to breakage

-cushion sizes can reach up to 25 m by 3 m

with minimum joints in the construction

-extremely light weight compared to glass

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GRADATION

Experiment testing different levels of gradation for a facade combined with a light source hidden behind.

The veiled organism of labour

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INFLATABLE CUSHIONS

In response to the various exploration into levels of transparency and veiiled vs unveiled facades or spaces, the main cladding material for the biomes received an addi-tional layer. Layers of plastic with imprints between the ETFE cushions are to be controlled to either overlap or sit independantly.As a result lighting levels and visual links can be controlled if required. It will also offer a rich interplay of dappled light and shodows, avoiding potential glare on the south facing aspect of each biome.

VALVE CLOSED

VALVE OPENsystem stays inflated

VALVE OPENsystem inflates

VALVE OPENsystem exhausts

VALVE OPENsystem inflated

VALVE CLOSED

LIGHT ADMITTANCE

Cushion pattern derived from plant cell geometries

PHASE 3 // SIPs Units to f t in between steel column grid; partitions; roof.

PHASE 2 // Steel Frame - 1 Biome at a time

PHASE 1 // Basement and foundations

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SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION / / TROPICAL BIOME

PHASE 4 // Fit outs, stairs etc.

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DRIVING CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT

3 Layers of Construction:

1.: ALLOWING FOR FLEXIBILITYPrefab-units - SIP panels with the accasional customization to allow for openings. This zone essentially defines the interior spaces of the project and makes up an airtight envelope for the laboratories etc.

2.: FIXEDSteel Frame - This zone marks the overall grid, providing a rythm and guidance for the separate structure of the SIPs units but structurally and spatially makes up the volumes of the bi-omes and all buffer zones.

3. VERY FLEXIBLEThis layer is the skin or the panel facade which constitutes the envelope for the project, clipped to the steel frame.There is a kit of parts of various options in terms of cladding to respond to the different spaces/needs/environmental require-ments.The resulting effect is a collage of various skins and textures wrapping themselves around the spaces and zones, creating a tapestry of delight.

All 3 Zones ineract and complement each other in order to har-moize and geometry and detail design.

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[Academic use only]

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LIVING WALLS

The option of the living panels has been used on those laboratory facades which are situated within the environ-ment of the biomes. This way the labs seem more embed-ded within their environments, and providing vertical veg-etation offer a further dimension of growing, responsive matter. Living walls are also a further source of fresh air through photosynsthesis, enhancing the immediate en-vironment.

Irrigation drip-line

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Layer 3 // Variation 1

[Academic use only]

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PERFORATED ZINC PANELS

In terms of general characteristics I first had copper sheets in mind for the exterior lab walls. However the statistics of zinc proved to be more suitable in the light of the particular environmental conditions.

Criteria:

-lighter than copper-lower thermal conductivity (116 compared to 305

-forms a protective oxide layer-doest discolour from contact withrun-off water


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BUFFER ZONE

In order to highlight the strong cir-culation axis adjacent to the wall, the zinc perforation wraps around to form a canopy to be covered by glass. This will continue the mate-rial theme, encourage subtle light and shadow filtering and eliminate any association with the monotony of a corridor.

[Academic use only]

[Academic use only]

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ETFE JUNCTION DETAIL

1:5


[Academic use only]

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STACK VENTLATION WITH AUTOMATIC VENTS

During periods of excess solar gains during summer,the weather station will automatically open the vents near the top of the tropical biome so that stale, warm air can leave the space.

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ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH

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This image shows the first signs of the ambition for a holisticenvironmental strategy, responding to the site and the biomes re-

quirements - such as the incorporation of the river to link with the tropic house, the use of living walls and the exposure of the dry,

stony courtyard wall to suit the arid, dessert biome.

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PRECEDENT // GLASSHOUSE AT THE RHS WISLEY

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The visual feel of the scheme should express the atmospheric condi-tions of the biomes in terms of vapor, humidity and transparency.This should suggest an initial sense of curiosity for these new spac-es, which on closer encounter are to be extrovert and inviting.

An installation style experience oflighting combined with mist (OMA).

ATMOSPHERE

[Academic use only]

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The water is then , at times of low humididty levels in particular,released into the space via high pressure nozzles attached to a

misting system

Water is fed up through a pipe within the hollow steel section

The water is then heated

The water receives ph - adjustment

Water stored in pond /collected in pond and water storage tanks

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL METHODS

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WEATHER STATIONCollects data from station on roof taking into account levels oftemperature, rainfall, light, wind speed and direction. The automaticsystem then translates that information into functions such as theopening of vents or the use of mist spray.

HEAT COILSSupplied with hot water the coils can be heated and then distributeddown into the space with the help of fans fixed above the coils.In summer, the fans can be employed to cool the space should therebe a need for temperature control.

STRIP RADIATORSUsed as a back up method in winter, to increase the amount of heat produced on top of the ceiling coils.

They are located at base level around the buildings perimeter.

[Academic use only]

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GSHP - Groundsource Heat Pump

Piles are driven down to bring energy to the level of the basement - a hot water tank and aheat pump per laboratory.

- providing underloor heating-mechanical ventilation-heating and cooling with heat recovery system

Underfloor heating

Serices + Ducts

[Academic use only]

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Ducts for Ventilation, Heating and Cooling.

Ground source heat pump

Airtight envelope provided by SIPs, with limited solar gainsuggests 4 air changes per hour.Capacity of 30 people at 8 l/s = 240 l/s= 0.24 m3/s

Rough footprint of a lab is 10m x 15m x 4m= 600m3

With 4 air changes per hour: 2400m3/hour600/3600 (sec. in an hour) = 0.17m3/s2400m3/hour = 0.17m3/s x 4 = 0.68m3/s air changes per hour

Calculating duct sizing:MAIN DUCTS: 0.68/5 = 0.136 m2 cross section

BRANCH DUCTS:0.68/2 = 0.34 m2 cross section

DIFFUSERS0.68/1.7 = 0.4 m2 cross section

Generous basement space below each lab

To accodomate for:Plant rooms,Storage,Environmental Services

[Academic use only]

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Ecotect Daylight Analysis showing peak lux levels at high points in section

The printed pattern within the EFTE cushion has been introduced to allow for

the control of solar gain. This reduces glare, introduces a richer interplay of

light and shadow and increases the gradation of lighting possibilities to

acentuate the spatial qualities.

LIGHTING - biome

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Shadows - Summer

Shadows - Winter

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LIGHTING - labs

Interior shadows in the labs - April 12pm

Desert Lab Temperate/Mediterranean Lab Tropical Lab

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17m

FIRE REGULATIONS AND ACCESS

Fire:

there are no distances to reach fire exits beyond 17m

all three biomes are separated from the other spaces via intermediate lobbies and buffer spaces

there is a sensitive boundary between ex-isitng building and new build

there is an adundance of intermediate out-door spaces, so that in the event of fire and neccessary escape there are no bottlenecks. Instead the process of escape can go smooth, allowing to be self explanotory in orientation

ETFE foil has low flammabiliy and is self extinguishing as the cushions vent in the event of fire.ETFE also eliminates the need for smoke extraction.

Access:

Any space above the ground floor can be reached by lifts and stairs. The main route includes a long ramp which adheres to regu-lations (see long section)

http://digitaltectonics.org/blog/