Transcript
Page 1: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Exploring Photography:An Introduction to Cameras

Pinhole, Film, Digital

Created by Nicole Schrensky

click the camera to begin

Page 2: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Welcome to the wonderful world of photography!

After completing this program you will be able to:

• Identify different types of cameras• Explain how these cameras are different• Understand how the cameras work

Page 3: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

How to use this presentation Clicking this arrow will move

you forward

This arrow will move you back to the previous page

Clicking the camera at anytime will take you to the main menu

Page 4: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Main MenuOn this page you can select what kind of camera you want to learn about. You

may also choose to skip ahead to the final assessment. At any point during this program you may return to this menu by clicking the camera at the

bottom of the screen.

Before you begin it may be a good idea to review some photographic terms!

Which camera would you like to discover?PinholeFilm Digital

Skip ahead to the final assessment

Page 5: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Terms to KnowWe need to be familiar with common

photographic termsClick on the term to see the definition

Aperture FocusCamera Lens

Exposure ShutterFilm

Page 6: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Aperture

The aperture is the size of the hole in the lens that light may enter through. The size of the

aperture is referred to as the f-stop.

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LensThe lens is the glass that collects and focuses the light as it enters the camera.

Click on the video below to quickly learn about three different camera lenses!

Page 8: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Shutter

The shutter is a set of curtains that opens to let light into the camera. The speed these

curtains open and close determines how much light may enter the camera.

Page 9: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Exposure

The exposure is the amount of light that enters the camera and is collected by the film or

sensor.

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Film

Film is a piece of plastic that is coated with emulsion. Emulsion is light sensitive and

records any light that hits it.

Page 11: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Focus

The focus is the sharpest and most defined area of a photograph. The focus can be changed by

adjusting the focal length of the lens.

Page 12: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Camera

A camera is a light proof box. This means no light can get in! Within it is light sensitive film or a digital sensor that reacts to the light let in

by the shutter.

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PinholeDissecting the camera. How it works. Different types. Qualities of an image.

Page 14: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Pinhole Cameras

A pinhole camera is a very basic camera. It has no lens and only one aperture. Every pinhole

camera is different and as a result every pinhole image is too!

Page 15: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Dissecting the CameraA pinhole camera has three main parts:

1. The light tight chamber-most commonly a cardboard box2. The image plane-where the film is placed 3. The pinhole-where the light enters the box

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How it Works

1. The shutter is lifted and the pinhole is exposed2. Light reflects off of the objects in front of the camera

and enters the pinhole3. The light sensitive paper or film on the image plane

collects the light4. The image is recorded upside down and backwards on

the film or paper5. The shutter is placed over the pinhole to prevent

more light from entering

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Camera Obscura

Pinhole cameras were created based off of the knowledge of camera obscura. Camera

obscura is the term used to describe the way light flips and the colors invert when it enters through the pinhole. This is why film contains

negative images!

Page 18: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Camera ObscuraHere’s a fun fact:If you were to have a black room with no light leaks and you cut a hole

the size of a quarter in one of the walls, the outside image would reflect onto the opposite wall upside down and inverted!

Page 19: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Qualities of a Pinhole Image

There are three main aspects of a pinhole image:

1. Light Leaks2. Overlap3. Vignette

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Light LeaksLight leaks occur when the camera is not light-tight. Light enters the camera

through seems or cracks and it appears on the image as an over exposed mark. They may also occur once the film is out of the camera if the film is

not rolled tightly.

Page 21: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

OverlapSome pinhole cameras cause images to overlap. This means that the film was

not fully advanced after a frame was shot so one frame lays partially on the other. This can also be called double exposure.

Page 22: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

VignetteThe vignette of a photograph refers to the edges when they are faded or blacked out. This occurs because of the edges of the pinhole. It can also be

done by exposing the sides of the film when it is rolled up.

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Types of Pinhole CamerasBecause pinhole cameras are so simple they can be made of almost anything!

2 of the most popular pinhole cameras that can be bought are:

Page 24: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Now you will be asked a few questions about pinhole cameras

For this section simply click the answer you think is right!

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Pinhole cameras are very technologically advanced.

TrueFalse

Page 26: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry but that’s not the correct answer. Remember, pinhole cameras can be made out

of a box!

Click to go back and try again

Page 27: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! Pinhole cameras are very basic.

Click to move to the next question

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When light enters through a small hole, the image is upside down and inverted.

This is called…a. Light Invernob. Camera Obscurac. Image Obscurad. Light Flip

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I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer.

Click to go back and try again

Page 30: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer.

Click to go back and try again

Page 31: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

I’m sorry but that is not the correct answer.

Click to go back and try again

Page 32: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! Camera obscura cause the image to invert when passing through a tiny opening.

Click to continue

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Congrats!

You’ve completed pinhole cameras!

Return to the main menu to select a different camera!

Page 34: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

FilmDissecting the camera. How it works. Different types. Qualities of an image

Page 35: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Film Cameras

A film camera exposes light to light sensitive film in order to record an image. The film must

then be developed in order to see the images.

Page 36: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Dissecting the Camera

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How it Works1. Light enters the camera through the lens.2. The light is reflected off of a mirror system so the image can

be shown in the view finder.3. The shutter released is pushed an the shutter opens.4. Light enters through the shutter and hits the film.5. The film collects the image.6. The film advances to the next frame.

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Qualities of a Film ImageThere are 3 common qualities that can be found

in film images:1. Noise

2. Highlights3. Resolution

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NoiseIf an image has noise this means it has random marks of light or lack there of

in what should be a smooth area. Sometimes it adds to an image as an artistic effect, other times it can be distracting.

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HighlightsThe highlights of an image are the lightest areas of the image. The highlights

of film images are very similar to what the human eye sees and as a result are very graceful.

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ResolutionResolution describes the amount of detail/info held in an image. Film photography dominates landscape photography because of this. Digital cameras have a limited amount of memory where as film does not. This

means film can hold much more detail.

Page 42: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Types of Film Cameras35mm

Medium Format

Large Format

Page 43: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Now you will be asked a few questions about film cameras

For this section simply click the answer you think is correct!

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Because film cameras are old they produce images that are poor quality with very low resolution.

True False

Page 45: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Remember, film is used for landscape photography!

Click to go back and try again

Page 46: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! Film has unlimited resolution!

Click to continue

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There are many different types of film cameras for many different types of film

True False

Page 48: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 49: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! The three most common sizes of film are 35mm, medium format, and large format.

Click to continue

Page 50: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Congrats!You’ve completed film cameras!

Return to the main menu to select a different camera!

Page 51: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

DigitalDissecting the camera. How it works. Different types. Qualities of an image

Page 52: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Digital Cameras

Rather than storing images on film, a digital camera stores images digitally. The images can be downloaded and edited on computers very

easily.

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Dissecting the Camera

Page 54: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

How it WorksA digital camera operates very similarly to a film camera

1. Light enters the camera through the lens.2. The light is reflected off of a mirror system so the image can be

shown in the view finder.3. The shutter released is pushed an the shutter opens.4. Light enters through the shutter and hits the sensor.5. The sensor collects the image and stores it on the digital memory

Page 55: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Qualities of a Digital Image

There are two very distinct aspects that you may see in some digital images:

1. Pixel2. Zoom

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PixelDigital images are created by tiny squares called pixels. The higher the pixel

count the better the image. If an image has a low resolution it has a low pixel count and the individual squares will be visible.

Page 57: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

ZoomThere are two types of zoom, digital and optical. An optical zoom changes the

focal length of the lens where as a digital zoom crops the image. Because the image is cropped the pixels become visible.

Page 58: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Types of Digital Cameras

Two of the most popular types of digital cameras are:

1. Compact2. SLR (Single Lens Reflector)

Page 59: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

CompactCompact cameras are the most popular cameras. They are very easy because

they use an auto focus lens, auto exposure, and a built in flash. All the user simply has to do is turn it on, point, and shoot. This is why they are

often called point and shoot cameras!

Page 60: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

SLR SLR stands for single-lens reflex. This type of camera uses a mirror and prism

system to reflect the light entering the lens to the view finder allowing the photographer to see exactly what will be captured. Although equipped

with automatic settings the camera is set up for everything to be manually operated.

Page 61: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Now you will be asked a few questions about digital cameras!

For this section simply click the answer you think is correct!

Page 62: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Digital cameras are easier to use because of today’s technology.

True False

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Correct! Digital cameras are much easier to use because of advances in technology!

Click to continue

Page 64: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer, try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 65: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Digital images are made up of tiny squares called…

A. ResolutionB. PixelsC. Pictorial Squares

Page 66: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. The resolution is the size of the image which

includes the amount of these tiny squares.

Click to go back and try again

Page 67: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! The tiny squares are called pixels!

Click to continue

Page 68: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry, pictorial squares is not the correct answer!

Click to go back and try again

Page 69: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Congrats!You’ve completed digital cameras!

Return to the main menu to select a different camera!

Page 70: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Final EvaluationYou will now be asked questions to evaluate what you’ve just learned! You

may return to the main menu at any point by clicking the camera at the bottom of the screen!

Are you ready? Good luck!

Page 71: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Define “exposure”

A. The amount of light that enters the camera and is collected by the film or sensor

B. The most illuminated parts of an image.C. What the photographer sees in the

viewfinder

Page 72: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! The exposure is the amount of light collected for the image.

Click to continue

Page 73: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not correct. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 74: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not correct. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 75: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

What is a shutter?

A. The button pushed to take a picture.B. A set of curtains that opens to let light enter

the camera.C. The circular piece placed on the lens to

protect it from scratches.

Page 76: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not correct. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 77: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! The shutter is a set of curtains that opens and closes allowing light to hit the film or sensor.

Click to continue

Page 78: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not correct. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 79: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

What type of camera is this?

Film PinholeDigital

Page 80: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 81: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 82: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! This is a medium format film camera!

Click to continue

Page 83: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Which image is an example of double exposure?

Page 84: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 85: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! One image was taken on top of another making it a double exposure!

Click to continue

Page 86: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

The black, faded edges of this image is referred to as…

Pinhole effect UnderexposureVignette

Page 87: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 88: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Sorry that is not the correct answer. Try again!

Click to go back and try again

Page 89: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Correct! The black faded edges are called vignette.

Click to continue

Page 90: Exploring Photography: An Introduction to Cameras Pinhole, Film, Digital Created by Nicole Schrensky

Congrats!

You’ve completed “Exploring Photography: Cameras”!

Now go and explore the world with your camera!


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