Element Summary Element Summary SlidesSlides
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NOTE: all graphics without a URL were NOTE: all graphics without a URL were provided with the text book –provided with the text book –Chemistry – Chemistry – Matter and ChangeMatter and Change by Glencoe/McGraw Hill by Glencoe/McGraw Hill Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• most abundant metalmost abundant metal• third most abundant third most abundant
element in earth’s crustelement in earth’s crust• usually found in nature usually found in nature
combined with oxygen or combined with oxygen or silicon silicon
• bauxite is the name of its bauxite is the name of its ore ore
• this element’s sulfate this element’s sulfate “alum” used in “alum” used in antiperspirants and remove antiperspirants and remove suspended particles during suspended particles during water purification water purification
ANSWER = AluminumANSWER = Aluminum
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• A reddish-brown A reddish-brown
liquidliquid• Highly reactive Highly reactive
ANSWER = bromineANSWER = bromine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• This element has 3 This element has 3
main allotropes – main allotropes – diamond, graphite, diamond, graphite, and charcoaland charcoal
• The study of this The study of this element is given its element is given its own branch of own branch of chemistry called chemistry called “Organic Chemistry” “Organic Chemistry”
ANSWER = carbonANSWER = carbon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• three solid allotropes = white three solid allotropes = white
(bursts into flames in air thus (bursts into flames in air thus stored in water), red (used on stored in water), red (used on striking surface for match striking surface for match boxes); black (formed when boxes); black (formed when other under high pressure)other under high pressure)
• compounds used in compounds used in fertilizers; fertilizers; ANSWER = phosphorusANSWER = phosphorus
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Colorless diatomic gasColorless diatomic gas• Element with the Element with the
highest highest electronegativity electronegativity
• most reactive nonmetalmost reactive nonmetal• Latin “fluere” “to flow”Latin “fluere” “to flow”• the element’s the element’s
compounds are added to compounds are added to toothpaste and drinking toothpaste and drinking water, also in non-stick water, also in non-stick surfaces; surfaces;
ANSWER = fluorineANSWER = fluorine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Element SummarySummary
• metalloidmetalloid• Used in computer Used in computer
chips and solar cellschips and solar cells• second most abundant second most abundant
element in Earth’s element in Earth’s crust after oxygencrust after oxygen
• Usually exists as Usually exists as “silica”.“silica”.
• Silica found in quartz Silica found in quartz crystals, sand, and crystals, sand, and glass glass
• ANSWER = siliconANSWER = silicon
Borosilicate glass
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Soft, highly reactive metalSoft, highly reactive metal• Most abundant metal in its Most abundant metal in its
groupgroup• Present in vapor lampsPresent in vapor lamps• heat exchanger in nuclear heat exchanger in nuclear
reactorsreactors• most common positive ion most common positive ion
in fluid in fluid outsideoutside cells (flow cells (flow into cells when nerve cell into cells when nerve cell is stimulated);is stimulated);
• in table salt in table salt • ANSWER = sodiumANSWER = sodium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Element SummarySummary• reacts with most elementsreacts with most elements
• deadly yellowish green gasdeadly yellowish green gas• Its compounds disinfect sewageIts compounds disinfect sewage• Its compounds are used as Its compounds are used as
bleaching agents and to remove bleaching agents and to remove stainsstains
• dentist use compounds to block dentist use compounds to block painpain
• an element in the acid found in an element in the acid found in your stomach, part of PVC pipes your stomach, part of PVC pipes
• ANSWER = chlorineANSWER = chlorine
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• its chloride can be used its chloride can be used
as a salt substituteas a salt substitute• found in compounds used found in compounds used
in fertilizersin fertilizers• its nitrate used as its nitrate used as
explosive and for explosive and for fireworksfireworks
• most common positive ion most common positive ion insideinside the cell in table the cell in table salt salt
• Reacts vigorously Reacts vigorously w/waterw/water
• ANSWER = potassiumANSWER = potassiumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• radioactive element radioactive element
found in smoke found in smoke detectors detectors
• ANSWER = ANSWER = americiumamericium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• forms explosivesforms explosives• gains 3 electrons to form -3 gains 3 electrons to form -3
ion ion • colorless, odorless; colorless, odorless;
relatively unreactiverelatively unreactive• 78% earth’s atmosphere78% earth’s atmosphere• contained in protein; contained in protein;
bacteria in soil “fix” this bacteria in soil “fix” this element into compounds element into compounds which contain this elementwhich contain this element
• used in making ammonia used in making ammonia (cleaning product); (cleaning product); explosives (TNT and explosives (TNT and nitroglycerine), dyes, and nitroglycerine), dyes, and fertilizers; fertilizers;
• ANSWER = nitrogenANSWER = nitrogen
Liquid nitrogen
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• ten allotropesten allotropes• its oxide is found in its oxide is found in
acid rainacid rain• Present in the Present in the
compound that has a compound that has a rotten egg smell rotten egg smell
• released through released through ocean vents ocean vents
• ANSWER = sulfurANSWER = sulfur
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Unreactive gasUnreactive gas• Light displays named Light displays named
after this element after this element which gives off which gives off orange light orange light
• ANSWER = neonANSWER = neon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Flammable, Flammable,
colorless, diatomic colorless, diatomic gasgas
• has 3 isotopes has 3 isotopes (protium, deuterium, (protium, deuterium, and tritium) and tritium)
• The gas that caused The gas that caused the Hindenberg to the Hindenberg to explode.explode.
• ANSWER = ANSWER = hydrogenhydrogen
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary
• best conductorbest conductor• transition metal transition metal • precious metal precious metal
• ANSWER = ANSWER = silversilver
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• contained in contained in
peptobismalpeptobismal• ““Wood’s metal” alloy Wood’s metal” alloy
• ANSWER = bismuthANSWER = bismuth
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• found widely in nature found widely in nature
especially as a metal especially as a metal carbonatecarbonate
• Its carbonate compound Its carbonate compound is the main ingredient is the main ingredient in limestone, chalk, and in limestone, chalk, and marble; coral reefs marble; coral reefs exoskeletons; antacid exoskeletons; antacid tablets; abrasive in tablets; abrasive in toothpaste toothpaste
• • ANSWER = calciumANSWER = calcium
limestone Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Element SummarySummary
• unreactive gasunreactive gas• most abundant member most abundant member
of its family (1% of its family (1% atmosphere)atmosphere)
• Used in high Used in high temperature welding for temperature welding for an inert environmentan inert environment
• used in filament of used in filament of incandescent light bulbs incandescent light bulbs and as layer of insulation and as layer of insulation between panes of glass between panes of glass
• • ANSWER = argonANSWER = argon
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Element SummarySummary
• AbundantAbundant• can be formed into almost any can be formed into almost any
shapeshape• lighter alloy than steel (bicycles, lighter alloy than steel (bicycles,
backpack frames, “mag” wheels)backpack frames, “mag” wheels)• needed in plants (in chlorophyll)needed in plants (in chlorophyll)• its ion is important in muscle its ion is important in muscle
function and metabolismfunction and metabolism• part of “hard” water (with Capart of “hard” water (with Ca2+2+) )
– ions interfere with action of – ions interfere with action of soaps and detergents; can form soaps and detergents; can form “scum” (deposits) that clog “scum” (deposits) that clog pipes, water heaters, and steam pipes, water heaters, and steam irons irons
• Burns in COBurns in CO22
• ANSWER = magnesiumANSWER = magnesium
Magnesium Ribbon
Burning magnesium ribbon
“mag” wheel
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• FYI – Magnesium can FYI – Magnesium can
burn in carbon dioxide, burn in carbon dioxide, like many things can like many things can burn in oxygen, thus burn in oxygen, thus COCO22 fire extinguishers fire extinguishers do not work to put out do not work to put out Magnesium fires.Magnesium fires.
• ANSWER = magnesiumANSWER = magnesiumCLEVELAND, OH - 30 Dec
2003 Firefighters Let
Magnesium Fire Burn Itself Out In Cleveland
(Photo by John Bashian/Getty Images)www.viewimages.com Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element Element SummarySummary
• softer than most softer than most metalsmetals
• found in bronze found in bronze and pewter and pewter
• ANSWER = tinANSWER = tin
Tin shot
pewterTin & lead
BronzeTin foil
- tin & copper
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• least reactive alkali least reactive alkali • in long-lasting in long-lasting
batteriesbatteries• used in de-humidifiers used in de-humidifiers
to absorb waterto absorb water• its carbonate is used its carbonate is used
to strengthen glass to strengthen glass and as a drug for and as a drug for bipolar disorderbipolar disorder
• In alloys in airplanes In alloys in airplanes (strong & lightweight). (strong & lightweight).
• ANSWER = lithiumANSWER = lithium
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• found combined with found combined with
Al, Si, O in “beryl”Al, Si, O in “beryl”• used in alloys where used in alloys where
sparks badsparks bad• only metal in its only metal in its
group that doesn’t group that doesn’t form an alkaline form an alkaline solution when it solution when it reacts with water. reacts with water.
• ANSWER = ANSWER = berylliumberyllium
“beryl”
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• discovered in emission discovered in emission
spectrum of sunspectrum of sun• found in earth natural found in earth natural
gas wells (light enough gas wells (light enough to escape gravity)to escape gravity)
• used in blimps air used in blimps air ships and balloonsships and balloons
• mixed with Omixed with O22 for for divers to prevent divers to prevent “bends”“bends”
• coolant for coolant for supercooling magnets supercooling magnets
• ANSWER = heliumANSWER = heliumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Least representative of Least representative of
its groupits group• found in borosilicatefound in borosilicate
glass (withstand glass (withstand extreme differences in extreme differences in temp)temp)
• main source = borax main source = borax (Mojave Desert); borax (Mojave Desert); borax = cleaning agent & = cleaning agent & fireproof insulation; fireproof insulation; boric acid = disinfectant boric acid = disinfectant & eye wash& eye wash
• its nitride is the second its nitride is the second hardest known material hardest known material (superabrasive)(superabrasive)
• ANSWER = boronANSWER = boron
Borosilicate glass
Borax
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• This element has two This element has two
main allotropes main allotropes • 20% earth’s 20% earth’s
atmosphere, atmosphere, • colorless, odorless gas colorless, odorless gas • needed for combustionneeded for combustion• produced in produced in
photosynthesisphotosynthesis• most abundant most abundant
element in earth’s element in earth’s crust crust
• ANSWER = oxygenANSWER = oxygenJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• The only metal The only metal
that is a liquid at that is a liquid at room temperature room temperature
• toxic toxic • Forms amalgams Forms amalgams
• ANSWER = ANSWER = mercurymercury
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Transition metal that is found uncombined in Transition metal that is found uncombined in
naturenature• Good conductor, found in electrical wiringGood conductor, found in electrical wiring• Highly ductile Highly ductile • orangish-brown in color orangish-brown in color
•ANSWER = copperANSWER = copper
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary
• scientist using this element’s nitride to make scientist using this element’s nitride to make blue laser (triple storage capacity – shorter blue laser (triple storage capacity – shorter wavelength – also increase speed and resolution wavelength – also increase speed and resolution of laser printers)of laser printers)
• ANSWER = galliumANSWER = gallium
• low m.p. (melt in low m.p. (melt in hand)hand)
• its arsenide is used its arsenide is used in semiconductor in semiconductor chips in light-chips in light-powered solar powered solar calculators and calculators and solar panels (10x solar panels (10x more efficient than more efficient than Si chips)Si chips)
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• found as part of a compound in found as part of a compound in
fish, eggs, and grains (works fish, eggs, and grains (works w/ vit. E prevent cell damage; w/ vit. E prevent cell damage; prevent cancer growth?)prevent cancer growth?)
• ““locoweed” plant – get sicklocoweed” plant – get sick• can convert light into can convert light into
electricity – used in solar electricity – used in solar panelspanels
• photographers use in light photographers use in light metersmeters
• photocopiers work because photocopiers work because charged particles of this charged particles of this element create an “image” of element create an “image” of itemitem
• semiconductor semiconductor
• ANSWER = seleniumANSWER = seleniumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
Element SummaryElement Summary• Toxic metalToxic metal• Has a low m.pHas a low m.p• maybe first obtained maybe first obtained
from ore (due to low from ore (due to low m.p.)m.p.)
• used to be used for used to be used for eating utensils, pipeseating utensils, pipes
• additive in gas in additive in gas in paintpaint
• currently used in currently used in storage batteries storage batteries
• ANSWER = leadANSWER = leadJodi Grack; Wayzata High School
SourcesSources• Silicon - Silicon - www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/silicon.html• Silcon-quartz - Silcon-quartz - www.mii.org/Minerals/photosil.html• Neon sign “Ne” - Neon sign “Ne” - www.theodoregray.com/.../010/index.s9.html• Neon tube - Neon tube - www.assumption.edu/.../Spectra/LightSources.html• Hydrogen - Hydrogen - www.theodoregray.com/.../001/index.s7.html• Bismuth - Bismuth - www.dkimages.com/.../Bismuth/Bismuth-3.html• Peptobismal - Peptobismal - library.thinkquest.org/2824/Digestive.html• Calcium - Calcium - www.tvel.ru/.../non-nuclear_products/calcium/• Limeston -Limeston -www.dep.state.fl.us/.../marianna_limestone.htm• Argon – inert environment Argon – inert environment
www.amrc.mmhosting.co.uk/research/index.php?p...• Argon – fill glass - Argon – fill glass - www.csglaziers.co.uk/products.shtml• Argon blue sign - Argon blue sign - www.abercaraudio.co.uk• Argon light bulb - Argon light bulb - www.dkimages.com/.../Unassigned-52.html• Magnesium Ribbon - Magnesium Ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html • Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpgMagnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpg
Magnesium wheel - Magnesium wheel - www.ocmazdaspeed.com/search.asp?txt=&cat=MAZD...• Magnesium ribbon - Magnesium ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html• Magnesium burning - Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg.htm
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
SourcesSources• Tin - Tin - cgi.ebay.com/TIN-Metal-Element-Shot-99.96--**...• Tin foil - Tin foil - www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/?id=1241491...• Tin – bronze - Tin – bronze - www.interdnet.hu/csmw/prod05.htm• Tin – pewter Tin – pewter pilgrim.ceredigion.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid...• Lithium battery - Lithium battery - www.medibix.com/.../company/company_id/43914• Lithium2 - Lithium2 - library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/Lithium.shtml• Lithium pills - Lithium pills - www.janethull.com/shop/index.php?main_page=in...• Beryllium ball - Beryllium ball - www.daviddarling.info/.../B/beryllium.html• Beryllium disc - Beryllium disc - www.americanelements.com/bem.html • Beryl - Beryl - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Beryll.jpg• Helium balloon - Helium balloon - www.partywarehouse.co.nz/test/catalog/index.p..• Boron Carbide - qdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.htmlBoron Carbide - qdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.html• Borosilicate glass - Borosilicate glass -
www.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.htmlwww.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.html• Borax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htmBorax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htm• Selenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htmSelenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htm• Oxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.htmlOxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.html• Sodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htmSodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School
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