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Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 2, No 2, May 2013

15

A BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM & APPENDED ZCS

(PWM) RESONANT CONVERTER DC-DC BUCK: TECHNIQUE FOR BATTERY CHARGER TO YIELD

EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE IN CHARGING SHAPING

IrfanJamil*1, Zhao Jinquan

2, Rehan Jamil

3, Rizwan Jamil

4and Abdus Samee

5

1,2Department of Energy & Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

[email protected]

3School of Physics & Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, China

[email protected]

4Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC-3) Taxila, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

[email protected]

5Chashma Centre of Nuclear Training, PAEC, Pakistan

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper presents technique for battery charger to achieve efficient performance in charging shaping,

minimum low switching losses and reduction in circuit volume .The operation of circuit charger is switched

with the technique of zero-current-switching, resonant components and append the topology of dc-dc buck.

The proposed novel dc-dc battery charger has advantages with the simplicity, low cost, high efficiency and

with the behaviour of easy control under the ZCS condition accordingly reducing the switching losses. The

detailed study of operating principle and design consideration is performed. A short survey of battery

charging system, capacity demand & its topologies is also presented. In order to compute LC resonant pair

values in conventional converter, the method of characteristic curve is used and electric function equations

are derived from the prototype configuration. The efficient performance of charging shaping is confirmed

through the practical examines and verification of the results is revealed by the MATLAB simulation. The

efficiency is ensured about 89% which is substantially considered being satisfactory performance as

achieved in this paper.

KEYWORDS

ZCS, PWM Resonant Converter, dc-dc Buck, Battery Charger

1. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, with the enhancement of power electronics technology and control strategies in

power electronics devices coupled with the increasing demand of high efficiency in battery

charger system has invoked enormous attention from the research scholars around the world.

Battery charger system technology is currently being incorporated in urban industrial areas to

maintain with these demands lot of work is on towards. Therefore, many battery chargers with

different ratings and functionalities are being developed for high output efficiency since few


16

years. The battery charger usually works to globalize the energy saving and to serve in fast

transportation systems. The use of battery charger brings convince life solution during the

traveling from urban to rural areas. Many techniques were fetched out by the scientists since

battery charger device was developed for renewable energy generation, electronic communication

power supplies, electric vehicles, UPS or an uninterruptible power supplies, PV systems and

portable electronics products. Many charging methods have been developed to improve the

battery charger efficiency in the last few decades. In order to achieving high efficiency in battery

charger, append the traditional battery charger with the technique of ZCS ( Zero-Current-

Switching) resonant buck topology which delivered the efficient performance in charging

shaping[11-12-13-14].

This work looks at the issues which associates ZCS PWM (Zero-Current-Switching Pulse width

Modulation) converter, buck topology with the battery charger. This paper develops a novel high-

efficiency battery charger with ZCS PWM buck topology which has simple circuit structure, low

switching losses, easy control and high charging efficiencies [1-3]. Zero Current Switching

resonant buck converter is analyzed and mode of operation is also studied. Various waveforms &

charging curve period were noted down during the piratical examine using MATLAB software.

The curve of charging efficiency during the charging period shows 89% charging output

efficiency of novel proposed prototype.

Fig.1 Block Diagram for the Proposed Novel Battery Charger

2. BATTERY CHARGERING SYSTEM & CAPACITY DEMAND

Today’s most modern electrical appliances receive their power directly right away the utility grid.

Many devices are being developed everyday which requires electrical power from the batteries in

order to achieve large mobility and greater convenience.

The battery charger system utilizes the battery by working to recharge the battery when its energy

has been drained. The uses rechargeable batteries include everything from low-power cell phones

to high-power industrial fork lifts, and other construction equipment. Many of these products are

used everyday around-the-clock commonly in offices, schools, and universities, urban and


17

civilian areas [8-9]. In fig. 2 shows that the Battery Capacities of Various Battery-Powered

Devices which are used in different rate of watt per hours level in cell phones, laptops, power

tools, forklifts and golf crafts etc.[10].

Fig.2 Battery Capacities of Various Battery-Powered Devices

A battery charger system is a system which uses energy drawn from the grid, stores it in an

electric battery, and releases it to power device. While engineers are used modern techniques to

usually design the battery charger systems, which maximize the energy efficiency of their devices

to make certain long functioning & operation time between charging; however they often neglect

how much energy is used in the conversion process of ac electrical power into dc electrical power

stored in the battery from the utility grid.

Apparently, energy savings can be possible if the conversion losses are reduced which associated

with the charging batteries in battery-powered products & output voltage can be controlled via

switching frequency. We can achieve these savings using different techniques including

battery charger topology that is readily available today and is being employed in existing

products. The same technique and topology is discussed in this paper which increases the

efficient performance in charging shaping of novel battery charger.


18

Fig.3Structure of a multi- piece battery charger system. The efficiency calculation is made over a

24 hour charge and maintenance period and a 0.2C discharge for the battery. (Prepared for

California Energy Commission Contract by EPRI Solution Ltd.,) [10].

3. METHODS OF BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM & ITS

TOPOLOGIES

Methods of efficiency improvements in battery charger systems in use today have substantially

lower possibilities due to a lack of cognitive skills in the charger and battery which commonly

consume more electricity than the product they power. The energy savings are achieved in

millions of battery charger systems that are presently in operation worldwide by reducing

inefficiencies in charger and battery. Battery charger systems work in three modes of operation.

In charge mode of operation, the battery is accumulating the charge while the maintenance mode

of operation occurs when battery is fully charged and charger is only started to supply energy to

undermine the natural discharge. No-battery mode of operation shows that the battery has been

physically disconnected from the charger [8-9].

Fig.4SwitchModeBatteryChargerPowerVisibility


19

There are lots of methods which are recognized to achieve the higher efficiency in battery charger

systems, including:

• Higher voltage systems

• Switch mode power supplies

• Synchronous rectification

• Improved semiconductor switches

• Lithium-ion batteries

• Charge and discharge at lower current rate

• Off-grid charger when no battery is present.

Topologies

Normal

Efficiency

Range(%)

Estimated

Improved

Efficiency

Range (%)

Switch Mode

40%- 60%

50%- 70%

SCR

30%- 55%

45%- 60%

Ferro resonant

25%-50%

45%-55%

Linear

2%- 30%

20%- 40%

TABLE: 1 Efficiency improvements in charger topologies

Table.1 show that the efficiencies of normal and improved range are measured less than 15%,

comparable systems with overall efficiencies of 65% or greater are technically feasible in charger

topologies for battery charger system. The linear and switch mode chargers are analogous to

linear and switch mode power supplies with the exception that the charger topologies also

incorporate charge control circuitry on their outputs. Most multi- or single-piece chargers are

either linear or switch mode chargers. These two categories are found commonly in consumer

applications, particularly in the residential public sector. Ferro-resonant and SCR(silicon

controlled rectifier) battery chargers form a large percentage of the chargers utilized in developed

industrial applications [10]. This paper provides basic idea about the method of use of switch

mode power supplies such as dc-dc converters are considered as they can achieve higher

efficiency in battery charger scheme.


4. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION FOR NOVEL BATTERY

CHARGER

The circuit analysis describes the study of ZCS

converter and the circuit is proposed as Novel

Modulationconverter dc-dc buck for battery charger [5]. The various Modes of operations of the

said circuit are analyzed. As well as output voltage of the battery charger and the normalized

voltage gain are also obtained.

4.1. ZCS Resonant Buck Converter

Buck ZCSresonant converters are used for resolving the high

reducing the circuit volume and controlling the switches with ease. Therefore, they control the

output voltage via switching frequency.

converters turn ON &OFF at zero current due to the current produced by resonant inductor

resonant capacitor Cthat the resonance flows across the switch.

switch S, resonant components inductor

The resonant converters are usually which

and capacitors to enable the switch to achieve

Voltage Switching)went under resonance conditions

effective switching losses, switching stress and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) problems

6-7-8]. The advantages of ZCS converters are that they have l

the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)

over the switching elements MOSFETs.

Fig.5 Traditional ZCS Resonant Buck Converter

This paper develops a novel battery charger append with ZCS PWM converter dc

novel circuit contains auxiliary switch

capacitor rC and forward diode Ds

[1-3-5]. In general way, battery is disabled to work for recharging if the energy source is not

available. Without energy source battery

ctrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal (ELELIJ) Vol 2, No 2, May 2013

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION FOR NOVEL BATTERY

The circuit analysis describes the study of ZCS (Zero Current Switching) Resonant buck

converter and the circuit is proposed as Novel Zero Current Switching Pulse width

dc buck for battery charger [5]. The various Modes of operations of the


ZCS Resonant Buck Converter

Buck ZCSresonant converters are used for resolving the high-switching frequency losses,


g frequency. The switches of Zero-Current Switching resonant

converters turn ON &OFF at zero current due to the current produced by resonant inductor

that the resonance flows across the switch. The resonant circuit holds a

S, resonant components inductor L and capacitorC.

The resonant converters are usually which contains the serial or parallel connections of inductors

to enable the switch to achieve the ZCS (Zero Current Switching)&

Voltage Switching)went under resonance conditions. The produces the occurring result of

effective switching losses, switching stress and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) problems

converters are that they have low switching losses, can eliminate

(Electromagnetic Interference) problems, easy control of the switches and low stress

over the switching elements MOSFETs.

Traditional ZCS Resonant Buck Converter

This paper develops a novel battery charger append with ZCS PWM converter dc-

novel circuit contains auxiliary switch 1S which is connected in the serious with the resonant

Ds is placed as parallel to the auxiliary switch 1S as shown in fig. 6

5]. In general way, battery is disabled to work for recharging if the energy source is not

available. Without energy source battery can’t recharge and charging method is replenished the


20

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION FOR NOVEL BATTERY

Resonant buck

Zero Current Switching Pulse width

dc buck for battery charger [5]. The various Modes of operations of the


switching frequency losses,


Current Switching resonant

converters turn ON &OFF at zero current due to the current produced by resonant inductorL and

The resonant circuit holds a

contains the serial or parallel connections of inductors

the ZCS (Zero Current Switching)& ZVS (Zero

The produces the occurring result of

effective switching losses, switching stress and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) problems[4-

ow switching losses, can eliminate

problems, easy control of the switches and low stress

-dc buck. The

which is connected in the serious with the resonant

as shown in fig. 6

5]. In general way, battery is disabled to work for recharging if the energy source is not

can’t recharge and charging method is replenished the


energy, to ensure that battery operates continuously; enabling it provides a normal power supply

to load. This study keeps the idea to dev

Fig.6 Proposed a Novel ZCS PWM Converter dc

4.2. Mode of Operation

The operation of novel battery charger circuit is divided into various modes of operations. The

equivalent circuit of novel charger is

respectively as shown in fig. 8 [2].

Fig.7 Equivalent Circuit of ZCS PWM Converter dc

Mode 1



to load. This study keeps the idea to develop a ZCS PWM battery charger [15-16].

Proposed a Novel ZCS PWM Converter dc-dc Buck for Battery Charger


equivalent circuit of novel charger is shown in fig. 7 and modes are fatherly divided into 5 modes

respectively as shown in fig. 8 [2].

Equivalent Circuit of ZCS PWM Converter dc-dc Buck

de 1 Mode 2


21


dc Buck for Battery Charger


shown in fig. 7 and modes are fatherly divided into 5 modes

Mode 2


Mode 4 Mode 5

Fig.8 Modes of operation of ZCS PWM Converter dc

Mode 1: 01 1

rt

dc

L It

E∆ = =

Mode 2: 2 2 1 1( ) tt t t∆ = − = ∆

Mode3:3 3 2

0

1( ) sint t t

ω

∆ = − = +

Mode4: ( ) 4 4 3 3 2

0

1 cosr rC Vt t t t t

I∆ = − = − −

Mode5: 5 1 2 3 4St T t t t t∆ = − ∆ − ∆ − ∆ − ∆

The output Voltage gain of novel charger can be determined from the voltage

throughout the freewheeling diode as is given by

( ) (0 12 1 3 2 4 3

1

2dc s

E tt t t t t t

E T

= + − + − + −


Mode 3

Mode 4 Mode 5

Modes of operation of ZCS PWM Converter dc-dc Buck

1 0 0( ) sindc

I Z

E

−

∆ = − = +

D

( ) 4 4 3 3 21 cos ot t t t tω∆ = − = − −

5 1 2 3 4t T t t t t∆ = − ∆ − ∆ − ∆ − ∆

The output Voltage gain of novel charger can be determined from the voltage

throughout the freewheeling diode as is given by

) ( )2 1 3 2 4 3t t t t t t

= + − + − + −


22

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

The output Voltage gain of novel charger can be determined from the voltage Dmv

(6)


23

4.3. Normalized Voltage Gain

The normalized voltage gain is derived by the substituting the operating modes of proposed

novel Zero Current Switching resonant buck converter battery charger into output voltage of

novel charger.

The normalized voltage equation is gained by substituting number the equations (1), (2), (3)

and (4) into (6)

1 10 0

0 0

3 1sin 1 cos sin

2 2

rrS

dc

E C RL M M Mf

E R f Q M Q

− −

= + + + − +

D DD

(7)

[ ]0

0 0

3 11 cos

2 2

rrS

C QZL MM f

QZ f Mα α

= + + −

D

(8)

[ ]3

2 1 cos2

ns

M QM f

Q Mα α

= + + −

D

(9)

The efficiency of novel battery charger is given by

( ) ( )0

0 0

1 .sT

s s r

t

E I

V T iL t dt

η =

∫

(10)

5. DESIGN CONSIDERATION A lead-acid battery rated @ 12 V, 48 A h with an internal resistance of 0.1 ohm is used as a load

under investigates of practical examine. The battery first discharges to 13 V, and then charge to

16 V. The circuit charger components values are fixed as follows: input voltage 21VSV = , output

voltage 0 16VV = , output current 0 7AI = , switching frequency 84Sf kHz= , 0.7nsf = chosen

from the fig. 9 based on the normalized voltage gain 0 16 21 0.76dcM E E= = = . Normalized

load characteristic curve of novel ZCS resonant buck converter for battery charger is obtained by

using MATLAB. The values of 0f and rC can be calculated fatherly by determining the resonant

frequency 0f and obtaining for fixed switching frequency choosing the power quality factor Q

from the fig.9 as well.


Fig.9 Normalized Load Characteristics curve (Versus M and fns) for novel battery charger

The output impedance can be calculated from the output voltage

given as

00

0

16 / 7 2.285E

RI

= = =

The characteristic impedance is computed

0 2.285R = Ω , 1Q =

0 0 2.285 1 2.285Z R Q= = = Ω

The resonant frequency is calculated from switching frequency and

and set is based on normalized voltage gain.

0 /s nsf f f= 84 / 0.7 120kHz kHz= =

(14)

The LC-resonant pair will be der

design parameters.

The resonant inductor rL is given by

0

0

r

ZL

ω=


Normalized Load Characteristics curve (Versus M and fns) for novel battery charger

calculated from the output voltage 0E and the output current

The characteristic impedance is computed as given

2.285 1 2.285= = = Ω

The resonant frequency is calculated from switching frequency and nsf chosen from the Fig. 9

and set is based on normalized voltage gain.

84 / 0.7 120kHz kHz

resonant pair will be derived for which fatherly computing the LC-filter pairs of novel

is given by


24

Normalized Load Characteristics curve (Versus M and fns) for novel battery charger

and the output current 0I is

(11)

(12)

(13)

chosen from the Fig. 9

filter pairs of novel


25

0

3

0

2.2853.00

2 *120*10r

ZL Hµ

ω λ= = =

(15)

The resonant capacitance rC is given by

3

0 0

1 10.58

2.285*2 *120*10rC F

Zµ

ω λ= = =

(16)

LC- filter pairs of ZCS battery charger are set as follows

0 100 300rL L Hµ= =

(17)

0 100 58rC C Fµ= =

(18)

Table.2 presents the experimental circuit parameters& values for the developed novel high-

efficiency battery charger with a buck ZCS PWM converter. A deign circuit parameters are

considered & listed below in Table. 2 for practical examine [3].

Table.2 ZCS buck novel charger

The duty cycle is determined by using the parameters from above Table. 2

PARAMETER VALUES

Input Voltage dcE 21V

Output Charging Voltage 0E 16V

Resonant Inductor rL 3.0µH

Resonant Capacitor rC 0.58µF

Switching Frequency sf 84kHz

Resonant Frequency 0f 120kHz

Filter Inductor 0L 300 µH

Filter Capacitor 0C 58 µF

Output Charging Current 0I 7A


26

1

6

01

2.285*10 *70.760

21

rt

dc

L It s

Eµ

−

∆ = = = =

(19)

2 10.760

t tsµ∆ = ∆ =

(20)

22 1 1.52t

t t sµ= ∆ + =

(21)

1

3 3 2 3

1 7*2.285( ) sin 5.497

2 *120*10 21t

t t sµ− ∆ = − = + =

D

D

(22)

3 3 2 5.497 1.52 7.017tt t s s sµ µ µ= ∆ + = + = (Disruption time for switches S and S1) (23)

Total time period is computed as given

( )31 1 84*10 11.904s s

T f sµ= = =

(24)

Duty Cycle 5.497 11.904 0.461ON SD t f s sµ µ= = =

(25)

The discharging time interval of capacitor is calculated as

( ) 6

3 6

4 4 3

0.58*10 *211 cos 2 *120*10 *7.017*10 0.819

7t t t sµ

−− ∆ = − = − = D

(26)

44 3 0.819 7.017 7.84t

t t s s sµ µ µ= ∆ + = + =

(27)

The design has reasonable range since 4 st T<

5.1. Practical Calculations of Novel Charger

As for the practical examine to calculate the ideal values of novel design, resonant inductor is

3.0uH and resonant capacitor 0.58uF were chosen.


Fig.10 Practical Circuit Prototype of Novel Battery Charger

The resonant frequency 0f is computed as given by

(( 6 6

00

1 3.0*10 *0.58*10

2 2f kHz

ω− −

= = =D D

Output Impedance 0Z of actual practical value is given by

6

0 6

3.0*102.274

0.58*10

r

r

LZ

C

−

−= = = Ω

5.2. Duty Cycle of Novel Charger

01 1 1.01r

dc

L It t s

Eµ∆ = = =

2 2 1 1( ) 1.01t t t t sµ∆ = − = ∆ =

2 2 1 2.02t t t sµ= ∆ + =

(32)

( )3 3 2 3

1 7*2.274

2 *120*10 21t t t s

∆ = − = + =

D

3 3 2 5.315 2.02 7.335t t t s s sµ µ µ= ∆ + = + =

Total time period of novel design is


Practical Circuit Prototype of Novel Battery Charger

is computed as given by

) )6 61 3.0*10 *0.58*10120.1f kHz

− −

= = =

of actual practical value is given by

2.274= = = Ω

Duty Cycle of Novel Charger

11 7*2.274sin 5.315

2 *120*10 21t t t sµ−

∆ = − = + =

D

5.315 2.02 7.335t t t s s sµ µ µ= ∆ + = + =

Total time period of novel design is


27

(28)

(29)

(30)

(31)

(33)

(34)


28

( )31 1 84*10 11.904S S

T f sµ= = =

(35)

The duty cycle D of switch S is determined as

3 7.3350.616

11.904

ON

S S

t t sD

T T s

µ

µ= = = =

(36)

The duty cycle sD of switch S1 is calculated as

3 2 7.335 2.020.446

11.904s

S

t t s sD

T s

µ µ

µ

− −= = =

(37)

The discharging time of the capacitor is determined as

( ) 6

3 6

4 4 3

0.58*10 *211 cos 2 *120*10 *5.315*10 1.65

7t t t sµ

−− ∆ = + = − = D

(38)

4 4 3 2.87 7.335 10.205t t t s s sµ µ µ= ∆ + = + =

(39)

After practical application, the design still can work within a reasonable range since

410.205 11.904 ss s t Tµ µ< = <

6. SIMULATION & EXPERIMENT RESULTS A prototype ZCS PWM converter dc-dc buck for battery charger is established [14]. The

experiment results were confirmed through MATLAB software as simulation tool is used in this

paper. Fig. 11 shows that the waveforms of switch signal G

V & iLr

. The current iLr

is declined to

zero when the switch is cut off. As a consequence, the switch can be cut off and turned on

without retaining current meanwhile achieving zero current switching with low switching losses.

Fig. 12 shows that the trigger signal on the switchesS&S1, G

V denotes the trigger signal on switch

S whereas Gs1

V denotes the trigger signal on switch S1 as well. To increase the charging current,

trigger signal will be delayed by 0.088µs.

In Fig.13 shows that the signal on the switch S1, Gs1

V denotes the trigger signal on switch S1 and

resonant capacitor voltage VCr

on the switch S1. The resonant capacitor voltage VCr

can be charged

once the switch is triggered. Fig. 14 shows that the waveforms of iLr

, VCr

, iCr

.The inductor current

iLr

is increased from 0A to 8A during 0-0.9995µs, and maintained a constant value during

0.0995µs-0.999 µs. The resonance then began when the auxiliary switch is turned on after


0.999µs. The current iLr

is declined to zero when the switch

current-switching. Fig. 15 shows that the waveform of diode current

waveform ofidm went down from 15A to zero during the 0

is being charged. The diode Dm was cut off when

current remained at zero after 0.0995

currentidm goes from 0A to 7A until 0.0997

Voltage Curve during the Charging Period

showing that charging the battery from

simulation results Charging Current during the charging period

maximum charging current appro

Fig.11 Waveforms of G

V &

Fig.13 Waveforms of Gs

V


declined to zero when the switch is cut off, thus it has achieving zero

. Fig. 15 shows that the waveform of diode currentidm & diode voltage

went down from 15A to zero during the 0-0.0995µs when the inductor current

. The diode Dm was cut off when iLr

=0

I due to the reverse bias voltage, and the

current remained at zero after 0.0995µs. The diode Dm was then turned on again, and the diode

goes from 0A to 7A until 0.0997µs when VCr

is finished the discharging. Fig. 16

Voltage Curve during the Charging Period. The variation curve of terminal voltage of the battery

showing that charging the battery from 15V to 16.5V takes about 0.1 hour. Fig. 17 shows the

ing Current during the charging period of proposed novel charger. The

pproximately 7.5A and mean about 7.6A is founded.

& iLr

Fig.12 Waveforms of Trigger Signal on

G

V &1Gs

V

1GsV & CrV

Fig.14 Waveform of i

Lr ,V


29

achieving zero-

& diode voltage Vdm

. The

when the inductor current iLr

due to the reverse bias voltage, and the

s. The diode Dm was then turned on again, and the diode

Fig. 16 shows

The variation curve of terminal voltage of the battery

0.1 hour. Fig. 17 shows the

of proposed novel charger. The

Waveforms of Trigger Signal on

CrV and iCr


Fig.15 Waveforms of idm

&V

Fig.17 Charging Current during the charging period

Fig. 18shows the practical ch

89.5%.Thechargingtimeintervalis36


Vdm

Fig.16 Voltage Curve during the Charging

Charging Current during the charging period

harging efficiency variationcurve ofthenovelchargerappro

360minutesandthemeanefficiencyis calculatedabout89%.


30

Fig.16 Voltage Curve during the Charging Period

pproximatelyis


Fig.15 Charging Efficiency during the charging period

7. CONCULSION This paper addresses the technique of ZCS PWM

Modulation) resonant Converter dc

demonstrates the effectiveness of developed methodology. The research methodology of ZCS

PWM converter for novel battery charger relate

volume, minimum switching losses and satisfactory performance in charging shaping. The brief

discussion is done in battery charger system and on useable functional methods. The short study

of circuit descriptions, operating modes, output voltage gain and normalized voltage gain is also

summarized. The simulation results are cited for its 89% efficiency that occurs during charging

period of proposed novel prototype. The practical examine is accord high repetiti

gives gratification fulfillment with the theoretical predictions in this paper.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge financial support

& Electrical Engineering and College of International Education, Hohai University

REFERENCES

[1] Y.C. Chuang, Y.-L. Ke, “High Efficiency battery charger with a buck zero

pulse-width-modulated converter”

[2] M.D Singh, K B Khanchandani, Electrical & Electronics Engineering series, 2rd ed.,

McGraw-Hill, 2008, pp.775

[3] Ying-Chun Chuang, “High

Transactions on Industrial Electron


Charging Efficiency during the charging period

This paper addresses the technique of ZCS PWM (Zero Current Switching Pulse width

resonant Converter dc-dc buck append with battery charger circuit which


PWM converter for novel battery charger relates the idea to gain high efficiency, low circuit



ions, operating modes, output voltage gain and normalized voltage gain is also


period of proposed novel prototype. The practical examine is accord high repetitious work which

gives gratification fulfillment with the theoretical predictions in this paper.

The authors would like to acknowledge financial support of this project from College of

Engineering and College of International Education, Hohai University, China

L. Ke, “High Efficiency battery charger with a buck zero-current

modulated converter” IET Power Electron., 2008, Vol. 1, No.4, pp. 433

M.D Singh, K B Khanchandani, Electrical & Electronics Engineering series, 2rd ed.,

, 2008, pp.775-778.

Chun Chuang, “High-Efficiency ZCS Buck Converter for Rechargeable Batteries”

Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, NO. 7, July 2010.


31

.

(Zero Current Switching Pulse width

dc buck append with battery charger circuit which


s the idea to gain high efficiency, low circuit



ions, operating modes, output voltage gain and normalized voltage gain is also


ous work which

from College of Energy

, China.

current-switching

pp. 433-444.

M.D Singh, K B Khanchandani, Electrical & Electronics Engineering series, 2rd ed., TATA

Efficiency ZCS Buck Converter for Rechargeable Batteries” IEEE


32

[4] IrfanJamil, Zhao Jinquan, RehanJamil“Analysis, Design and Implementation of Zero-Current-

Switching Resonant Converter DC-DC Buck Converter” International Journal of Electrical &

Electronic Engineering (IJEEE) IASET Vol. 2, Issue. 2, pp. 1-12 May 2013.

[5] Yu-Lung Ke, Ying-Chun Chuang, Shao-Wei Huang “Application of Buck Zero-Current-

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AUTHORS

IrfanJamil was born in Punjab province, City Multan, Pakistan on Feb 25, 1987. He

received his bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering and its Automation from

Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China in 2011. Currently he is pursuing his

Master degree at Hohai University, Nanjing, China. During these days he is doing

master research as a Visiting Research Scholar at Tsinghua University, Beijing

China. His research interest involves in Power electronics and Power system

Automation.


RehanJamil was also born in Punjab province, City Multan, Pakistan on Feb 25,

1987. He received his bachelor in B.Sc.

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad Pakistan in 2009.

Currently he is pursuing his Master degre

China. His research interest involves in Electronics, Renewable energy power

generation.

Engr. RizwanJamil was born in Punjab province, City Multan, Pakistan on

August 21, 1976. He received his bache

from University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan in 2000 and

received his Master degree in Power Engineering from NED University of

Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan in 2003. Currently, he is work

Heavy Mechanical Complex-3 (HMC

involved in research & development of different equipment’s as per ASME, API,

AWS code/standards for power sector.

Dr.Abdus Sameegraduated as Ph

Institute of Technology in 2009. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at

Chashma Centre of Nuclear Training, Pakistan. He is also a visiting faculty member

of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applie

include modeling and simulation of electrical systems, non

insulation aging and degradation, space charge behavior in solid insulation, pulsed

power plasma application in biology, environment and

Prof. JinquanZhao was born in Yangquan, Shanxi province, China, on June 26

1972. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees, all in electrical engineering, from

Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China, in 1993 and 2000, respectively.

From 1993 to 1995, he was an engineer in Guangzhou Power Company,

Guangzhou, China. From Dec 2000 to Sept

Cornell University, Ithaca, New

Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Currently he isPh.D.

Energy &Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, and Nanjing, Chi

been published more than 28 papers in many international conferences. His

research interests in the area of voltage stability analysis and control, OPF and its

applications.


n Punjab province, City Multan, Pakistan on Feb 25,

1987. He received his bachelor in B.Sc. Electrical (Electronic) Engineering from

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad Pakistan in 2009.

Currently he is pursuing his Master degree at Yunnan Normal University, Kunming

China. His research interest involves in Electronics, Renewable energy power

was born in Punjab province, City Multan, Pakistan on

August 21, 1976. He received his bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering

from University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan in 2000 and

received his Master degree in Power Engineering from NED University of

Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan in 2003. Currently, he is working in

(HMC-3) as a Senior Engineer since 2003. He is

involved in research & development of different equipment’s as per ASME, API,

AWS code/standards for power sector.

graduated as Ph.D. in electrical power engineering at Harbin

Institute of Technology in 2009. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at

Chashma Centre of Nuclear Training, Pakistan. He is also a visiting faculty member

of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences. His research interests

include modeling and simulation of electrical systems, non-linear dielectrics, cable

insulation aging and degradation, space charge behavior in solid insulation, pulsed

power plasma application in biology, environment and water waste.

was born in Yangquan, Shanxi province, China, on June 26

B.S. and Ph.D. degrees, all in electrical engineering, from

Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China, in 1993 and 2000, respectively.

From 1993 to 1995, he was an engineer in Guangzhou Power Company,

Guangzhou, China. From Dec 2000 to Sept 2003, he was a postdoctoral associate in

ew York. He was also postdoctoral associate in

eijing, China. Currently he isPh.D.-professor in College of

, Hohai University, and Nanjing, China. He has

papers in many international conferences. His

research interests in the area of voltage stability analysis and control, OPF and its


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