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    Demography

    Definitions

    Roll no. 73, 74, 75, 76

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    Demography

    Demography is defined as the scientific study ofpopulation in terms of

    Marriages

    Fertility

    Mortality

    Migrations

    Social mobility

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    Demographic Trap

    Resources are limited while the population

    increases.

    (e.g. 80% of world resources are used by20% of population and 20% are for 80% ofpopulation)

    The demographic trap is defined as thecondition where a nation has passed

    through the process of lowering death rates,

    but has not been able to lower birth ratesbefore ecological carrying capacity is

    exceeded*

    *http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12341670?report=abstract&format=text

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    Demographic Window

    Fertility reduction opens the demographicwindow, opportunity for accelerated social and

    economical development.

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    Sustainable Development

    Meeting the present needs without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their needs.

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    Census

    A canvass of a given area, resulting in an enumeratiof the entire population and often the compilation other demographic, social, and economic informatipertaining to that population at a specific time*

    Types

    De Facto

    De Jure

    *http://www.prb.org/Publications/Lesson-Plans/Glossary.aspx

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    Vital Index

    Also called as the BIRTH DEATH RATIODefined as the number of live births per100 deaths at place for certain timeperiod.

    VI = 1 means normal or stationarypopulation

    VI > 1 means population is increasing

    VI < 1 means population is decreasing

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    Dependency

    Ratio

    Dependency ratio is the ratio between economicainactive and economically active people

    = + >

    YDR + ODR = TDR

    TDR is also called Societal Dependency Ratio

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    Sex Ratio

    It is the ratio between number of males andnumber of females

    =

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    Population Growth Rate

    It refers to the rate at which a given populationincreases in a given period of time.

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    Population Density

    It is defined as the number of people living persquare kilometer area.

    It is an index of population concentration of a

    country.

    The population density of Pakistan is 232/sq.km

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    Population Momentum

    The tendency for populationgrowth to continue beyond the

    time that replacement-levelfertility has been achieved

    because of the relatively high

    concentration of people in thechildbearing years*.

    *http://www.prb.org/Publications/Lesson-Plans/Glossary.aspx

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    Fertility and Fecundity

    Fertility Actual reproductive

    performance of a woman

    or a couple

    Fecundity Physiological capability

    woman to reproduce

    The probability that conc

    will occur in a given popuof couples during a s

    time period

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    Fertility Related Statistics

    1. Total fertility rate2. Crude birth rate

    3. Age specific fertility rate

    4. Gross reproduction rate

    5. Net reproduction rate

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    Life Table

    A tabular display of life expectancy and agespecific prevailing probability of dying.

    It reflects the complete picture of Mortality of a

    population.

    It is of 2 types:

    Complete

    Abridged

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    Population Dynamics

    Can be understood by the help of Basic Demographic

    Equation or Balancing Equation

    Pt1 = Pt0+ (B - D) + (IM - OM)

    Pt1= population to be calculated

    Pt0= previous population

    B = birth D = death

    IM = In migration OM = Out migration

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    Net Migration

    It refers to the total number ofperson added or subtractedfrom a population as a result

    of combined effects ofimmigration and emigration.

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