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Credit Requirement for Tribal People

Meghna Rajnikant

Shalini Anu

Santosh04/11/23 1xidas, jabalpur

04/11/23 xidas, jabalpur 2

Who are the tribes

04/11/23 3xidas, jabalpur

Who are the Tribes

Communities are notified as ST under Article 342 of the Constitution based on the following Characteristics

- Primitive Traits

- Geographically Isolated

- Distinct Culture

- Economic backwardness

- Shyness of Contact with Community at Large


Status of Indian tribal's

Tribal people constitute roughly 8% of the nation’s total population, over 84 million people according to the 2001 census.

Population and growth rate of STs (1971-2001) (in million)

Sources : census of India

Census year Population Growth rate STs

Total STs

1971 548.1 38.0 26.3

1981 683.4 51.6 35.8

1991 846.3 67.8 31.4

2001 1027.0 88.8 31.0


State wise population of tribal


Tribal literate population

sources: Ministry of tribal

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Total literate population

8.5% 11.3% 16.3% 29.65% 47.10%


Tribal Populations remain Under-served

Many tribal habitats are inaccessible. Consequently, effects of development are either lacking or are sub-standard. Abject poverty of the tribal people is resultant and compounds the problem. According to the development indicators prepared by the Planning Commission, about 35% of STs are below the poverty line. Item

Distribution in % Amongst the STs

Cultivators 54.50

Agricultural Labourers 32.69

Household Industry 1.04

Other Workers 11.76


Economic status

The large number of STs are landless with no productive assets and with no access to sustainable employment and minimum wages.

Population living below property line

sources : tribal in India Nishi k Dixit2006 pg: 55 table:7

Category 1993-94Rural

1993-94Urban

1999-2000Rural

1999-2000Urban

Total 37.27 32.38 27.09 23.62

STs 51.94 41.14 45.86 34.75


Cause of backwardness

• Barter and exchange• Lack of Co-operation• Poor manufacturing• Specialization• Nation of property


Feature of tribal economy

• Forest based economy • Simple technology• Absence of profit in economic dealing • Periodical markets• Gifts and ceremonial exchange• Absence of capital investment


Loan requirement of tribals

• lean period consumption and festival celebration

• Religious ceremonies • Unforeseen expenditure etc


Why credit for tribal's ?

• Absence of tribal land right

Agriculture census 1990-91

• Lack of proper livelihood means.

Sl. No.

State Case filed in court

Area covered

1. A.P 65,875 2,87,776

2 BIHAR 86,291 1,04,893

3 GUJARAT 47,926 1,40,324

4 KARNATAKA 42,582 1,30,373

5 M.P 53,806 1,58,398


Cont..

• Land holding pattern • Exploitation and land alienation caused by

traders• Land alienation through cash crop cultivation • Migration trends among tribal's


Land alienation caused by industrializationDisplacement of tribal families

Sources :THRTI, Bhubaneswar

District Name of the project Forest area covered

No. of tribal families

displacement

Koraput NALCO and other industrial project

Machkund hydel Dam Balimela project

Upper Kolab Multipurpouse project

2000----

-

1500200070925000

Koraput/kalahandi

Upper indrabati project - 5000

Sungargarh Rourkela steel plant 13,185 -

Keonjhar Salendi Dam - 965

All Orissa Sanctuaries(16) park(12) 7395 -


Money leader defects

• They charge sky high rate of interest varying between 40%-60%.

• They buy tribal produce at low price • They manipulate the A/c to their own benefit • When tribal fail to repay the loan they grab

their land leading to sub-division and fragmentation .


Mode of credit

• Non Formal– Relative, friends, money lender, etc

• Institutional– Nabard, – SETBI,:- SHG, JLG- LAMPS- Cooperative society


“ The Indian adivasi is born in debt lives in debts, dies in debts and bequeaths debts.”

-Royal commission on agriculture 04/11/23 xidas, jabalpur 18

Conceptualized By Rajnikant George

Rajnikant George ( Sukhram Manjhi) Meghna ( Tutu Manjhi) Santosh kumar ( Tuka raja Babu)NarratorsShaliniAnu kumari


Bibliography

• The silenced drums: a review of tribal economic development, Dr. K.G Karmakar,2002,northen book centre, new Delhi.

• Rural credit and self help groups: micro finance needs and concepts in India, K.G Karmakar, 1999, saga publications, new Delhi
