COGNITIVISMBy: Team 6

(Amanda & Gina)

Noam Chomski-

Key person in

replacing

Behaviorism as a

dominant theory

in the 1960s.

K E Y P E O P L E A S S O C I A T E D W I T H T H E T H E O R Y:

K E Y P E O P L E A S S O C I A T E D W I T H T H E T H E O R Y:

K E Y P E O P L E

Jean Piaget-

concluded that

there are four

stages of Cognitive

Development.

KEY PEOPLE

David Merrill – Proposed

the Component Display

Theory (CDT). This theory

states that for a particular

objective and learner, there is

a unique combination of

presentation forms that

result in the most effective

learning experience.

KEY PEOPLE

Charles Reigeluth (Elaboration

Theory)- The Elaboration theory

is an instructional design theory

that argues that content to be

learned should be organized

from simple to complex order,

while providing a meaningful

context in which ensuing ideas

can be incorporated.

KEY PEOPLE

Roger Schank

According to Roger,

the only way we

learn is through

"doing," and failure.

KEY PEOPLE

KEY PEOPLE J.M. Scandura

(structural learning)-

Structural learning

argues that what is

learned are rules which

consist of a domain,

range, and procedure.

The rule sets may change

for different tasks. Higher

order rules can account

for creative behavior and

the creation of new rules.

KEY IDEAS OF COGNITIVISM

MENTAL FUNCTION CAN BE UNDERSTOOD

focuses on the inner mental activities

opening the “black box” of the human mind is valuable

and necessary for understanding how people learn

People are not “programmed animals” that simply

respond to stimuli in their environment; but their

actions are a consequence of thinking

F O U R S TA G E S O F C O G N I T I V E D E V E L O P M E N T-

1. Sensorimotor stage- Newborn – 2 years,. The child explores the world through

his/her senses: taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell. The Child begins to be aware of things

existence even when they cannot see the objects, but lacks symbolic representation

understanding.

2. Preoperational stage- Ages 2-7. The child develops language and thinking skills

and also becomes focused on himself/herself and how the world relates to themselves.

3. Concrete operations- Ages 7 to 11. The child begins to think abstractly,

conceptualize, and create logical expressions

4. Formal operations - Ages 11-15. The child's cognition reaches its final form.

Their abstract thinking is similar to adult, and he/she is capable of hypothetical and

deductive reasoning.

Use educational computer

games

Stimulate the child's senses.

Engage them in various

cognitive tasks.

Examples: ABCmouse.com,

PBS Kids Educational Games,

and Spelling City.

only assign tasks for which the child

is prepared

maintain a proper balance between

guiding the child and allowing them

to learn things for themselves

be concerned with the process of

learning rather than the end product

Encourage Peer learning

Sorting Games, flash cards and

puzzles are good examples of

activities

CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS

With Technology Without Technology

WORKS CITED

Facts

"Structural Learning Theory." Instructional Design. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.

<http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/structural-learning.html>.

"Roger Schank: Script Theory." Massage CE Continuing Education Home Study NCBTMB,

NCCAOM Ethics Fibromyalgia TMJ Acupressure TCM. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://www.lifecircles-

inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/Schank.html>.

 "Teaching and Learning Resources / Cognitivism." Teaching and Learning Resources / TLR Home.

Web. 22 Nov. 2011.

<http://teachinglearningresources.pbworks.com/w/page/31012664/Cognitivism>.

"M. David Merrill and Component Display Theory." Massage CE Continuing Education Home Study

NCBTMB, NCCAOM Ethics Fibromyalgia TMJ Acupressure TCM. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.

<http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/merrill.html>.

"Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth)." Learning Theories. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://www.learning-

theories.com/elaboration-theory-reigeluth.html>.

Images

http://www.chomsky.info/chomsky.jpg

http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/merrill_files/page90_1.jpg

http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/Schank_files/page60_1.jpg