Transcript
Page 1: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Chapter 5 part 2

Heat PumpsRefrigeratorsAir ConditionersGround Source Geothermal SystemsEfficiency of Heat PumpsEnergy Efficient BuildingsCountering Sick Building Syndrome

Page 2: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Air Conditioner Layout

Page 3: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Home Heat Pump

Page 4: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Heat Pump EfficiencyEfficiency = 100 * Thigh/(Thigh-Tlow)

Where Thigh is the temperature of the high Temperature reservior in degrees Kelvin

Tlow is the temperature of the low temperatureReservoir in degrees Kelvin

As the temperature difference decreases, doesA heat pump become more or less efficient?

Can a heat pump efficiency exceed 100%?

Page 5: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Coefficient of Performance

COP =heat transferred/electricty used=useful work/energy inputwhy does COP change with the outdoor temperature?

Page 6: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Seasonal Performance Factor

SPF= total energy output/total energy used

How does SPF relate to the theoretical efficiency of a heat pump?

Page 7: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Relative Costs of Heating Methods

Page 8: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Ground Source Geothermal Pump

Page 9: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering
Page 10: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Tradeoffs of Ground Source

More efficient (why?)

Less peak power use (peak shaving) Why?

BUTHigh initial cost for boreholes or trenchesMore than conventional heating/coolingNeeds a superinsulated building to be economicalIn NY winters

Page 11: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Energy Efficient Office Building A-InteriorWindowsFunnel LightB-FluorescentLightsC-Task LightingD-OccupancySensors

Low E FilmLow ToxicityMaterialsAtriumMore Insulation

Page 12: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Energy Efficient Office 21-Solar Panel2-Hot Air Duct3-Air Filter4-Heater5-Air Supply Pump6-Circulation Duct 7-Outflow Duct 8-Exhaust Fan9-Heat Exchanger

Page 13: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Energy Efficient Refrigerator(Vestfrost/Sunfrost)

Page 14: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Features of Vest Frost

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Energy Efficiency of Typical Refrigerator

We use about 500 KWH per month. Fridge is 15% of costsOur refrigerator uses 75 kWH per month or 2.25 kWHPer day or almost 3 times the usage of a vestfrost.Why?

Page 16: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Total Energy UsageQ/t = 1/R * A*delta T

Where Q is heat loss per unit time t,R is average R value, A is surface area,And delta T is temperature difference.

Qtotal = sum (A/R)*24*DDWhere DD are the annual degree daysR is the average R value, A is surface areaOf house.Infiltration losses must be added to this.

Page 17: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Prevention of Sick Building Syndrome

House plants can dramatically reduce the levelsOf formaldehyde, benzene and trichloroethyleneWithin a home. Air inside a well insulated homeOften 2 to 5 times more polluted than outdoor air.

Some good onesAloe vera (also good for burns)Bamboo palmSpider plantEnglish ivyJanet CraigWarnecki dracaena

Page 18: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Chrysanthemum

Same as the outdoor plants,Will also grow wellindoors

Page 19: Chapter 5 part 2 Heat Pumps Refrigerators Air Conditioners Ground Source Geothermal Systems Efficiency of Heat Pumps Energy Efficient Buildings Countering

Devils IvyGrows well inHanging pots

Will tolerate neglect

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African DaisyNeeds to be startedIn a professional Greenhouse.

Prefers warmer Climates.

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Peace LilyOne of the easiestOf large houseplantsGrows well in low lightSurvives well at averageHouse temperaturesAnd humidity levels.


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