Ch 8 &9
Catalyst:
• How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???
8-1: Energy and Life
• Energy is the ability to do work
• How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???• The answer involves 3 type of energy
SUN GLUCOSE ATP
ATP
• ATP is the type of energy that cells can use– AdenosineTriphosphate (ATP)
3 phosphate groups
Adenine base
Ribose sugar
Worksheet review
• ATP is the type of energy that cells can use– AdenosineTriphosphate (ATP)
Energy Storing Reaction
• ATP is the type of energy that cells can use– AdenosineTriphosphate (ATP)
Energy Releasing Reaction
SUN GLUCOSE ATP
How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???
SUN GLUCOSE ATP
photosynthesis respiration
How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???
8-2: Photosynthesis
• In the presence of light, carbon dioxide and water is transformed into carbohydrate and oxygen.
CO2 = carbon dioxide
H2O = water
C6H12O6 = glucose (carbohydrate)
O2 = oxygen
Review: Chemical Reactions
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
What are the products? What are the reactants?
Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
• This process occurs in the chloroplast and can occur because of the pigment chlorophyll.– A pigment is a protein molecule that can absorb
light energy.
reactants products
• The principal pigment in plants is– A. chlorophyll. – B. oxygen. – C. ADP. – D. ATP. – E. NADPH.
• The principal pigment in plants is– A. chlorophyll. – B. oxygen. – C. ADP. – D. ATP. – E. NADPH.
• In which organelles would chlorophyll pigments be found?– A. vacuoles – B. centrioles – C. mitochondria – D. chloroplasts – E. ATP
• In which organelles would chlorophyll pigments be found?– A. vacuoles – B. centrioles – C. mitochondria – D. chloroplasts – E. ATP
CHLOROPLAST
light
oxygen glucose
Carbon dioxidewater
• Which equation best summarizes the process of photosynthesis? – A. – B. – C. – D. – E.
• Which equation best summarizes the process of photosynthesis? – A. – B. – C. – D. – E.
• In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT – A. chlorophyll. – B. light. – C. oxygen. – D. carbon dioxide. – E. water.
• In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT – A. chlorophyll. – B. light. – C. oxygen. – D. carbon dioxide. – E. water.
Analyzing Data pg 213
• Factors Affecting Photosynthesis and Plant Adaptations
• Water– Waxy cuticle on plants in dry climates reduces water loss
• Temperature– Enzymes needed for photosynthesis work best 0-30oC
• Intensity of Light– Plants work best in range of light intensity
Fall Colors• In the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight
and changes in temperature, the leaves stop their food-making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor.
• http://www.esf.edu/pubprog/brochure/leaves/leaves.htm
SUN GLUCOSE ATP
photosynthesis respiration
How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???
CH 9-1: Chemical Pathways
• Calorie: amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C
CH 9-1: Chemical Pathways
• Food Energy the cell can use (ATP)– First step = glycolysis– Can then be completed with or without oxygen• Aerobic Respiration• Anaeronic Respiration
GLUCOSE ATP
Making ATP
Without Oxygen With OxygenFermentation/ Anaerobic Respiration• Alcoholic Fermentation• Lactic Acid Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
Makes 2 net ATP/Glucose Makes 36 net ATP/Glucose
Review: Chemical Reactions
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP
What are the products? What are the reactants?
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP
Cellular Respiration
reactantsproducts
This process occurs in the mitochondria.
• What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration? – A. glucose and carbon dioxide – B. glucose and oxygen – C. carbon dioxide and oxygen – D. oxygen and lactic acid – E. carbon dioxide and water
• What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration? – A. glucose and carbon dioxide – B. glucose and oxygen – C. carbon dioxide and oxygen – D. oxygen and lactic acid – E. carbon dioxide and water
GlucoseOxygen
Carbon DioxideATP
Water
MITOCHONDRIA
• Which of the following best represents the waste products of cellular respiration? – A. CO2
– B. H2O
– C. O2
– D. CO2 and H2O
– E. CO2 and O2
• Which of the following best represents the waste products of cellular respiration? – A. CO2
– B. H2O
– C. O2
– D. CO2 and H2O
– E. CO2 and O2
• In eukaryotic cells, most of cellular respiration takes place in the – A. nuclei. – B. cytoplasm. – C. mitochondria. – D. cell walls. – E. centrioles.
• In eukaryotic cells, most of cellular respiration takes place in the – A. nuclei. – B. cytoplasm. – C. mitochondria. – D. cell walls. – E. centrioles.
Autotroph Heterotroph
Able to make own food Obtain energy from food
Photosynthesis ex) plants ex)algae ex)phytoplanktonChemosynthesis ex) bacteria
Herbivores ex) deerCarnivores ex) wolfDetrivores ex) vulture Decomposers ex) fungi
Review
SUN GLUCOSE ATP
photosynthesis respiration
How do you get energy for you cells from the sun???
GLUCOSE from food
ATP
respiration
Autotrophs:
Heterotrophs:
Energy
Sunlight ? ATP
Glucose and
Oxygen
?
Carbon dioxide
and Water
Energy
Sunlight Photosynthesis ATP
Glucose and
Oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Carbon dioxide
and Water
Energy Organelles• Mitochondria and Chloroplast both have shapes with high
surface area to volume ratios to increase membrane space for reactions to occur
• Both evolved from prokaryotes by the process of endosymbiosis
– Both have DNA separate from nuclear DNA
• In humans, all mDNA inherited from mother
– Both have membrane proteins more similar to bacteria than the cells membrane – Both reproduce independently of cell
CatalystPrefix/Suffix What do you
think it means???
What it does mean.
-synthesisPhoto-Chemo-AerobicAn-