Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

•_____________ processes are the chemical processes that occur in all living things. •Two of these processes are _____________ _____________ and _____________. They are both controlled by _____________. •_____________ ______________ is carried out by _____________ organisms. •______________ is carried out by _____________ _____________ and some single-celled organisms.

Euglena

Biochemical

Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

Cellular

Enzymes Respiration

All Photosynthesis

Green Plants

II. Cellular Respiration: • You learned that when you eat foods that are

carbohydrates (bread and pasta) they are broken down by your ____________ ______________.

• They are broken down into ____________ ____________ (glucose)

• The bonds of glucose are then broken by a series of ____________ ______________ _____________ to form energy.

• This energy is captured into the bonds of the High Energy Molecule known as ____________ (Adenosine Triphosphate)

• This energy is used by the organism for it’s ______________ ______________

digestive system

simple sugars

Enzyme controlled reactions

ATP

Life Activities

Diagram of ATP

II A. The ATP/ADP Cycle: •ATP and ADP are compounds that are found in all cells. •The D in ADT is for Diphosphate or ________ phosphates. •The T in ATP is for Triphosphates or ________ phosphates. •ADP and ATP are converted back and forth as a ____________ is added or removed.

2

3

Phosphate (P)

• We get energy to put the third phosphate on to ADP by burning _____________. The most common food that is burned is ____________.

Food Glucose

ATP 100% Renewable Energy

All living things rely on one source of energy to do all things from building molecules to flexing muscles = ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Breaking down ATP releases energy and cells constantly replace their ATP by attaching a spare phosphate onto ADP. The energy from that comes from food we eat (animals) or make (plants). Enzymes control the breaking and making of ATP

II. B Two Types of Respiration: • There are two ways to burn glucose (two types of

respiration) • Anaerobic Respiration does NOT use

____________. This is also called ____________.

• Aerobic Respiration USES _____________ II. C Anaerobic Respiration (fermentation) • Some cells lack the _____________ necessary

for aerobic respiration and other cells like your muscle cells change to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is lacking

Oxygen Fermentation

Oxygen

Enzymes

•The enzymes necessary for this type of respiration are located in the ____________ of the cells. •In Anaerobic respiration ____________ is partially broken down by the ____________ to form either ____________ ____________ or ____________ _____________ and _____________. •Both of these form only ______________ ATP molecules. •____________ and ___________ ___________ cells form the lactic acid and 2 ATP. •____________ form the alcohol and carbon dioxide and 2 ATP.

Glucose 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP or Glucose 2 alcohol + 2CO2 + 2ATP

cytoplasm

Glucose enzymes

Lactic Acid Carbon Dioxide Alcohol

2

Bacteria Human Muscle

Yeast

II D. Aerobic Respiration: •Most organisms are more complex and need more _______________to perform their life activities than anaerobic respiration can produce. •Aerobic respiration occurs in the cell organelle called the ____________.

ATP

Mitchondria

•In Aerobic Respiration ____________ is completely broken down in a series of _____________ controlled reactions to form _____________ _____________ and ____________ and _________ ATP molecules.

+ 36 ATP

Enzyme Carbon Dioxide

Water 36

Glucose

II E. Comparison Chart for Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

1. Takes place in the __________________

Takes place in the ______________________________

2. No ______________ Requires ______________

3. Less efficient ( _______ ATP) More efficient ( _______ ATP)

4. Waste products: ____________ __________ or ______________ and _______________ ________________.

Waste products: ______________ ______________ and ______________

5. Time frame: ___________ Time frame: _____________

6. Glucose breakdown is _________________

Glucose breakdown is _______________.

cytoplasm

oxygen

2

lactic acid alcohol

carbon dioxide

24/7

partial

Mitchondria

oxygen

36

Carbon dioxide water

24/7

complete

III. Photosynthesis: •The energy for life primarily comes from the _____________. •Photosynthesis is biochemical food-making process that provides a connection between the ____________ and _____________ needs of living things. •During _____________ solar energy is used to combine _____________ molecules of ____________ _____________ and ____________ into energy rich organic compounds such as ____________.

Sun

sun

inorganic

Photosynthesis

energy

Glucose

water dioxide Carbon

• This process releases ____________ into the environment.

• Photosynthesis is a type of nutrition called ___________ nutrition. III A. Location for Photosynthesis • Green _____________ cells and and some __________ celled organisms contain ____________ this organelle is involved in the process of ___________. • ____________ are located mainly in the _________ of green plants.

Oxygen

Autotrophic

Plant Chloroplasts Single

Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts leaves

• ___________ are located in the cytoplasm and contain the green pigment _____________. • ___________ along with ____________ are necessary for the food-making process of ____________. • The __________ is considered the ‘food factory’ of photosynthetic plants. •The leaf has many ____________ ____________ that make it well adapted for the process of photosynthesis

Chloroplasts

enzymes Chlorophyll

chlorophyll

structures specialized

Leaf

Photosynthesis

A. Leaves are arranged on stems, so that they can receive the maximum ____________ absorption

B. Leaves have ____________ and _________ __________ for gas exchange.

C. The majority of chloroplasts are located in the __________ __________.

D. ___________ __________ are bean shaped structures located around stomates which contain ____________ and ___________ the opening and closing of the stomates.

spaces

air Stomates Light

layer palisade

Guard cells

chloroplasts regulate

Leaf cross section

Stomata and guard cells

III b. Chemistry of Photosynthesis: • Photosynthesis involves ____________ __________ in which __________ __________ and __________ are converted into sugar molecules. ___________ gas is a by-product. • Besides __________ photosynthesis also requires ____________ and __________.

dioxide

Oxygen

light chlorophyll Enzymes

reactions carbon water

chemical

+ + +

Sexy Sally Sun

Phyll the Chlorophyll Molecule Splits H2O to give off O2

NADP Train A carrier molecule that picks up H2 and combines It with CO2 to make PGAL, a sugar which will then Form the sugar glucose

6 6 6 12

III c. Factors that influence The Rate of Photosynthesis: • Photosynthesis occurs best at 350 Celsius. Above this _________ the enzymes are destroyed (denatured)

• __________ intensity. •____________ ____________ increases the rate up to a point. •__________ shortage decreases photosynthesis.

temperature

Light

Carbon Dioxide

Water

The End