Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

H2O

Energy cycle

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

sun

glucose O2CO2

plants

animals, plants

ATPThe Great Circleof Life,Mufasa!

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2lightenergy + ++

even thoughthis equationis a bit of a lie…it makes a better story

CO2 H2OC6H12O6 O2ATPenergy+ ++

ATP

ATP is biological energy ATP + water ADP + P = energy When you break the bond you get

energy ATP = stored energy ADP = used energy

Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

6CO2 6H2OC6H12O6 6O2ATPenergy+ ++

Glucose38 ATP produced

Cytoplasm

2 ATP needed

4 ATP produced

2 ATP produced

34 ATP produced

Oxygen required

If no oxygen is present then fermentation occurs

CO2 released

Glycolysis(occurs in cytoplasm)

Break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules Glucose has 6 carbon Pyruvate has 3 carbon

No oxygen in required (anaerobic) Needs 2ATP to happen Generates 4ATP Net gain of 2ATP at the end of the process

After Glycolysis

If oxygen is present, pyruvate moves to mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs.

If not oxygen is present, pyruvate is used for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.

Cellular respiration occurs in two steps

Kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle Produced 2ATP

Electron transport chain Produced 34 ATP

Both processes require oxygen and occur in the mitochondria

Kreb’s cycle

Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make Carbon dioxide NADH ATP

FADH2

4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes

NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy

CO2 is released from the cell

Electron transport chain

The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP.

ETC is composed of a series of carrier proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC.

34 ATP are produced in the end

Fermentation

Two types Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

Both processes do not require oxygen (anaerobic) and occur after glycolysis.

Alcoholic fermentation

Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use this process

CO2 bubbles that are released from this process cause bread to rise.

Also used to make beer and wine

Lactic acid fermentation

Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid

When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly.

Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation.

Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.