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Career Development and Community Serviceryan elbert gan

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Career DevelopmentCareer refers to the activities and positions involved in vocations, occupations, and jobs as well as to related activities associated with an individuals lifetime of work.

Career DevelopmentWork, on the other hand, is defined as an activity that produces something of value for oneself or others (Reardon, et.al., 2000).

Career DevelopmentThis description of work does not only point out to work for which one is paid a salary, but also unpaid work that includes volunteering for a community project (Zunker, 2012).

Career DevelopmentCareer development is an on-going process of gaining knowledge and improving skills that will help an individual to establish a career plan.

Significance of Career Developmentmost students do not plan for their futureThey just follow the crowdInfluenced/ forced by parents and/or peersTemptation from current trends

Significance of Career DevelopmentWe spend most of time working:

About 40 years or 80,000 hours of our lifetime is spent working.

The Vocational Choice Theory(John Holland)Career interests are an expression of the individuals personality.

The Vocational Choice Theory(John Holland)people can be described as a combination of two or more of six types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.

The Vocational Choice Theory(John Holland)In the career choice and development process, people search for environments that would allow them to exercise their skills and abilities, and to express their attitudes and values.

Happenstance(John Krumboltz)Happenstancea term that refers to maintaining an exploratory attitude while encountering unexpected events.

Happenstance(John Krumboltz)indecision is an unavoidable yet acceptable condition, but should be labelled as open-mindedness

Happenstance(John Krumboltz)The uncertainties in our lives make it impossible to have a specific plan laid out in advance. Career development (and even teaching) should take on the role of encourager of exploration.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentProposed by Donald SuperThe focus of this theory is on how careers unfold over the life span. Super suggested that career choice and development is essentially a process of developing and implementing a persons self-concept.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentPeople differ in their abilities, personalities, needs, values, interests, traits, and self-concepts.People are qualified, by virtue of these characteristics, for a number of occupations.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentEach occupation requires a characteristics pattern of abilities and personality traits.Vocational preferences and competencies, the situations in which people live and work and hence, their self-concepts change with time and experience.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentThe process if changed, may be summed up in a series of life stages.The nature of the career pattern is determined by different factors.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentSelf-concept is a picture of who we are and what we are like. It is a blend of how we see ourselves and how we would like to be seen. It is how we think others view us both subjectively or objectively.

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentLife Span refers to the length of ones career. Stages:Growth (0-15)Exploration (15-25)Establishment (25-45)Maintenance (45-65)Disengagement (65-over)

Self-concept Theory of Career DevelopmentCareer is defined as the combination of life roles that one plays at a given life stage.

Value-based Career Decision MakingValues serve as standards by which people evaluate their actions and the actions of others. Simply put, values direct our behaviour in specific directions and toward particular goals.

Value-based Career Decision MakingBrown theorized that values are shaped by genetics and environmentas a result of genetic and environmental influences, specific values become more important than others. As values become crystallized and prioritized, people use them to guide and explain their behavior.

Value-based Career Decision MakingValues are solidified in the early adult years and tend to remain stable over time; however, age, experience, and traumatic life events can modify them. Good decision making will be difficult or impossible if one is not yet able to identify ones values.

Social CognitiveCareer Theoryproposed a mutually influencing relationship between people and the environmentbased on the critical relationship among self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and personal goals in the career decision-making process

Social CognitiveCareer TheorySelf-efficacy (Lent, 2005) is a dynamic set of beliefs that are linked to particular performance domains and activities. It means that people believe in their abilities to accomplish goals and help in determining the actions that they will take.

Social CognitiveCareer TheoryIt is ones beliefs about ones sense of self-efficacy that determines whether one is willing and motivated to pursue a career or educational path.

Social CognitiveCareer TheoryThe main concept in social cognitive theory is that an individuals actions and reactions, including social behaviors and cognitive processes, in almost every situation are influenced by the actions that individual has observed in others.

Social CognitiveCareer TheoryThe main concept in social cognitive theory is that an individuals actions and reactions, including social behaviors and cognitive processes, in almost every situation are influenced by the actions that individual has observed in others.

Social CognitiveCareer TheoryPeople express interest in certain career and academic pursuits if they think that can perform well in them and if, at the same time, they think that pursuing these careers will lead to outcomes they desire.

Community ServiceCommunity service is a form of experiential education which intertwines with classroom instruction and critical reflection. It has two goals: service to the community and student learning.

Community ServiceThrough their participation, students can clarify values and develop both self-awareness and self-efficacy. It allows students to acquire and develop professional skills, including teamwork, critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and leadership skills

Community ServiceFurthermore, community service often provides students with opportunities related to their majors and career interests. As students provide service to the community, they explore career options and opportunities and gauge their readiness for the workplace.

Community ServiceStudents can use their experience to seek clarity about their career choice and to finalize their career decision.

SynthesisOn a daily basis, teachers confront complex decisions that rely on many different kinds of knowledge and judgment and that can involve high-stakes outcomes for students futures.

SynthesisTo make good decisions, teachers must be aware of the many ways in which student learning can unfold in the context of development, learning differences, language and cultural influences, and individual temperaments, interests, and approaches to learning.

SynthesisTeachers need to know how to take the steps necessary to gather additional information that will allow them to make more grounded judgments about what is going on and what strategies may be helpful.

SynthesisAbove all, teachers need to keep what is best for the child at the center of their decision-making.