Download pdf - Breast Cancer Epidemiology ppt

7/26/2019 Breast Cancer Epidemiology ppt.

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BreastcancerBy: Brittany TokurahMakoulako Fofana

& Tyson Jones


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What is breast

cancer?As defned by the National

Cancer Institute, breast canceris the cancer that orms in thetissues o the breast, usually

the ducts (Tubes that carrymilk to the nipple and lobules

(!lands that create milk"


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BreastAnatomy

1. Chest Wall

2. Pectoralis

Muscle

3. Lobules

4. Nipple

5. Areola

6. Lactiferousducts

7. att! "issue

#. $%i&


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#ocation o breast cancer

Image from the American Cancer Society website


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The malignanttumor can ina!e

into the surroun!ing

tissues an! lym"h

no!es to s"rea!

#metastasi$e% to

!istant areas in thebo!y


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$istory 'ea!ing cause of !eath of women between ages

() an! **

It is the secon! most common cancer among

women+ with about ,-*+))) new cases eachyear

Breast cancer is known as a woman.s !isease+

but men also !eelo" breast cancer

Surial rates to!ay are higher eer !ue to

a!ances in !iagnosis an! treatment


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Cases o breast cancer in%&''

/ew cases of

breast cancer

,-)+(0) #Female%

,+1() #Male%

2eaths from breast

cancer

-3+*,)#Female%

(*) #Male%


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i!ns and symptoms

A lum" or thickening in or near the breast or in the

un!erarm area

A change in the si$e or sha"e of the breast

/i""le !ischarge or ten!erness+ or the ni""le"ulle! back #inerte!% into the breast

4i!ges or "itting of the breast+ making the skin

look like the skin of an orange

A change in the look or feel of the skin of the

breast+ areola or ni""le such as warmth+ swelling+

re!ness or scaliness


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ta!es o breast cancer

$ta'e (efi&itio&

Stage ) Cancer cells remain insi!e the breast !uct an! lobules

Stage I Cancer is , centimeter big but still in breast #lym"h no!esclear%

Stage IIA /o tumor in breast but cancer cells in a5illary lym"hno!es#un!er arm%6rtumor is , cm or smaller an! has s"rea! into a5illary lym"hno!es6rtumor between ,7* cm an! has not s"rea! into a5illary lym"hno!es

Stage IIB Tumor is between ,7* cm an! has s"rea! into lym"h no!es6rThe tumor is larger than * cm an! has not s"rea! to the a5illary

lym"h no!es


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$ta'e (efi&itio&

Stage IIIA /o tumor foun! in breast Cancer is locate! in a5illary lym"hno!es that are sticking together or to other structures+ or cancer isfoun! in lym"h no!es near breastbone6r

The tumor is any si$e Cancer has s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es+which are sticking together or to other structures+ or cancer isfoun! in lym"h no!es near breastbone

Stage IIIB The tumor is any si$e an! has s"rea! to the chest wall an! 8or skinof breastA/2

may hae s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es that are clum"e!together or sticking to other structures or cancer is foun! in lym"hno!es near breastbone


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$ta'e (efi&itio&

StageIIIC

There may either be no sign of cancer in the breast or tumor may beany si$e an! may hae s"rea! to the chest wall an!8or skin ofbreastA/2

The cancer has s"rea! to lym"h no!es aboe or below collarboneA/2The cancer may hae s"rea! to a5illary lym"h no!es or to lym"hno!es bear the breastbone

Stage I9 The cancer has s"rea! or metastasi$e! to other "arts of thebo!y


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Stage 1

Stage ,

Stage -Stage (


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)isk *actors

;en!er*

Risk factors you cannot control


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Risk factors you cannotcontrol

;enetic risk factors

About *? to 1)? are thought to be here!itary+ inherite!from a "arent

Family history=aing a first7!egree relatie such as mother+ sister+ or

!aughter !oubles a woman.s risk of breast cancer @hilehaing , first7!egree relaties tri"le the risk of breast

cancer This is a significant factor+ BT 0*? of women

who get breast cancer do &ot hae a family history of

this !isease

ersonal history of breast cancerA woman with breast cancer on one breast increases her

risk of !eelo"ing breast cancer on the other breast by

-7( fol!


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Risk factors you cannot control

4ace an! ethnicity@hite women are slightly more likely to !eelo" breast

cancer than African7American women+ but African7

American women are more likely to !ie from this cancer

In ages un!er (* howeer+ breast cancer is more

common in African7American women Asian+ =is"anic+an! /atie7American women hae a lower risk of

!eelo"ing an! !ying from breast cancer

2ense breast tissue@omen with !enser breast tissue #more glan!ular tissuean! less fatty tissue% hae a higher risk of breast cancer


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Risk factors you cannotcontrol

Menstrual "erio!s@omen who starte! menstruating at an early age

#before age 1,% an!8or went through meno"ause at a

later age #after age **% hae been though more

menstrual cycles an! hae an increase! risk of breast

cancer !ue to longer e5"osure to estrogen an!"rogesterone

reious chest ra!iation@omen who hae ha! ra!iation thera"y to the chest

area as treatment to another cancer hae a slightlyincrease! risk of breast cancer


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Risk factors that CAN becontrolled

2iet an! lifestyleA !iet high in saturate! fatan! alcoholic intake of

more than two !rinks "er

!ay increases the risk of

breast cancer+ while

"hysical actiities

!ecrease the risk In one

stu!y+ a woman who !i!

1,*7,* hours of briskwalking "er week re!uce!

her risk by 10?


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Risk factors that CAN becontrolled

@eight6besity an! oerweight increases the risk of breast

cancer+ es"ecially for women after meno"ause

4e"ro!uctie history=aing your first chil! at an age "ast -) or not haing

gien birth slightly increases the risk+ as "regnancy

re!uces a woman.s total number of menstrual cycles

Taking birth control "ills also increases the risk


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+reention Aoi!ing risk factor an! increasing

"rotectie factors may "reent

breast cancer

Changing lifestyle or eating habits

Aoi!ing things known to causecancer

Taking me!icines to treat a

"recancerous con!ition or to kee"

cancer from starting


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$o- to do a +artner el Breast

./am


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$o- to do a +artner el Breast

./am


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@hat is a Mammogram

DA mammogram is the current gol!stan!ar! non7inasie techniEue for

reliable early !etection of breast cancer


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Types o 0ammo!rams

$cree&i&' Ma))o'ra)s

Are use! to check for

breast cancer in women

who !o not hae signs orsym"toms of breast

cancer

These 57ray images make

it "ossible to !etect

tumors an! micro

calcifications

=el"s with early !etection

an! treatment

(ia'&ostic Ma))o'ra)s

Are use! to check for

breast cancer after a

lum" or other signs an!sym"toms of the !isease

hae been foun!

These 57rays take much

longer an! also are use!

in certain circumstances

like breast im"lants


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Mammogram

done?Dou will stan! in front of as"ecial G7ray machine

DA technologist will "lace your

breast on a clear "lastic "late

DAnother "late will firmly "ress

your breast from aboe

DThe "lates will flatten the

breast+ hol!ing it still while the G7

ray is being taken ou will feel

some "ressure

DThe other breast will be G7raye!

in the same wayDThe ste"s are then re"eate! to

make a si!e iew of each breast

D@ait for you results


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Normal s" Abnormal

0ammo!ram

Nor)al Ab&or)al

HHAn abnormal mammogram !oes not always mean that there is cancer But you will

nee! to hae a!!itional mammograms+ tests+ or e5ams before the !octor can tell for

sure


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Treatments Screening for early !etection Surgery

4a!iation thera"y

Chemothera"y

=ormonal thera"y

Treatment metho!s are classifie! as local or systemic

'ocal treatments #such as surgery an! ra!iation thera"y%

remoe+ !estroy or control cancer cells in a s"ecific area

Systemic treatments+ such as chemothera"y an! hormonalthera"y+ !estroy or control cancer cells throughout the bo!y

2e"en!ing on your con!ition+ you may receie a single

treatment or a combination of thera"ies gien at the same

time or in succession

B t


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Breast cancer

a-arenessS"rea! the wor! an! sae lies


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1iscussions


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)eerences

American Cancer Society

htt":88wwwcancerorg8Cancer8BreastCancer82etaile!;ui!e8breast7ca

ncer7what7is7breast7cancer

Breast Cancerorgani$ationhtt":88wwwbreastcancerorg8sym"toms8un!erstan!bc8whatisbcs"

/ational Breast Cancer Foun!ation

htt":88

wwwnationalbreastcancerorg8about7breast7cancer8risk7factorsas"5

/ational Cancer institutehtt":88wwwcancergo8cancerto"ics8ty"es8breast

D niersity of California San Francisco Me!ical center

htt":88wwwcsfhealthorg8con!itions8breast7cancer8
http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breasthttp://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/breast-cancer/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breasthttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/risk-factors.aspxhttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/what_is_bc.jsphttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancerhttp://www.cancer.org/Cancer/BreastCancer/DetailedGuide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancer