fenaef tquity in Water Resource Management

An Agenda for Research and Programmatic Activities

Annual Narrative Report

Submitted to

Ford Foundation, New Delhi, india

By

Utthan Development Action Planning Team3G, Chitrakut Twins, Nehru Park, Vaslrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015, INDIA

Tel: 91 079 6751023 / 6763624 Fax: 91 079 6754447 e-Mail: utthan@cenet.net

October 2001

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C o n t e n t s

1.0 Introduction

2.0 The Present Report

3.0 Methodology Followed

4.0 Activities Undertaken

5.0 Significant Observations

6.0 Interpreting Gender Equity in Water Resource Management

7.0 Concluding Remarks

8.0 Constraints and Lessons Learnt

9.0 Looking ahead

Annexes

A. Location of Project Villages

B. Statistical Tables

C Work Ran for Phase Two

L I B R A R Y IRCPO Box 93190, 2509 AD THE HAGl1

Tel.: +31 70 30 689 8CFax: +31 70 35 899 64

BARCODE:

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Understanding Gender Equity in Water Resource Management

An Agenda for Research and Programmatic Activities

Annual Narrative Report

1.0 Introduction

We have been facilitating community-based natural resource management interventions in draught-prone regions ofGujarat for more than two decades now. Within the purview of our work, we have always focused on (a) highlightingissues that pertain to gender discrimination in drinking water resource management and distribution, and (b)mainstreaming gender - equity approach in our grass root level implementation of drinking water projects.

Periodic and formal evaluations of our work - both by others and us - and a general acceptance by the NGOfraternity as a gender-sensitive organization notwithstanding, we have never really drawn ourselves aside and lookedat our work and approach in retrospection. It was therefore more with intrigue than interest, to objectively examineour own work and contribution to the cause of rural community development and empowerment within the frameworkof gender equity, which led us to interact with the Foundation in terms of a project proposal for fundingconsideration.

We submitted a proposal of the above-mentioned title to the Ford Foundation in the beginning of the year 2000. Onits approval, Urthan entered into a two-year contract (May 2000 - April 2002) with the Foundation for a projectcomprising of two components, viz. research (phase I) and programmatic activities (phase II) to be implementedeventually in 15 select villages. These villages were to be selected from Utthan's three present areas of operations,viz. Amreli, Bhavnagar, and Dahod districts (Gujarat). Phase One will be operated in NINE villages (three each fromour present program areas). SIX additional villages (two each from our program areas) will be brought under thepurview of the project during phase two (see Chapter Three and Annex A for details).

Since then, we have completed Phase I of the project, save two activities of information dissemination (of theresearch findings) through workshops and a consultative meet to design methodology for Phase II (see 4.0 fordetails).

2.0 The Present Report

The present report is a narrative account of the activities undertaken during phase I, the research component of theproject. It is also the first progress report we are submitting to the Foundation on the project.

In the introductory chapter, we give a brief on the project contents. Chapter two outlines the chapter design of thereport. In chapter three, we discuss at length the methodology adopted during phase one's implementation, alongwith a note on the deviations that might have occurred (from the original proposal). Chapter four lists and describesall the activities the project team has undertaken during the course of the first phase. Chapter five is on selectsignificant observations that surface from the collected data and its analysis. We have made an attempt in chaptersix, to interpret gender equity in water resource management based on the survey findings and analysis. Concludingremarks and a smalt note on activities to be taken up in the days to come are given in chapters seven and eightrespectively.

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3.0 Methodology Followed

The project methodology, as has been described at length in our original proposal (pages 38-40), was closelyfollowed in implementing phase I. Following paragraphs give component wise details.

3.1 Selecting the project team

While selecting the project personnel from within Utthan's team, due consideration was given to themembers' work experience, educational background, and seniority in the organization. Equal opportunitieswere given to our women members as well. The following members came together to constitute the projectteam (Table One).

Table One: The Project Team

Program Area° Amrelin Amreli

n Bhavnagar° DahodD Head Office

Member's Name° Mr. LakshmanVala

» MsJignaJoshi° Ms. Chetna Vyaso Ms. Rita Savani° Mr. Jayanti Patel° Ms. Nafisa Barot° Dr. Salil Mehta° Mr. Kaushik Rawal

Present Position in UtthanProgram Coordinator

Community OrganizerCommunity OrganizerCommunity Organizer

Program CoordinatorExecutive TrusteeDirector (P.T.ARD)Coordinator P & M

Project PositionProject Coordinator

Field OfficerReid OfficerReid OfficerField OfficerAdviserAdviserAdviser

3.2 Selecting the investigators

Similar criteria were adopted to select the investigator's team. For each of the three project areas, a teamcomprising of a female and a male investigator was appointed (Table Two). Their brief included three majortasks: testing the questionnaire, pilol survey, and main survey.

Table Two: The Investigator's Team

Program Area0 Amreli

° Bhavnagar

° Dahod

Investigatorsa Ms. Vijayalakshmi Parmar & Mr. Anil Makwana

° Ms. Jyotika Pandya & Mr. Bhopabhai Dhapa

° Ms. Vanita Chauhan & Mr. Vikram Sutariya

3.3 Orienting Utthan's team, the project team, and the investigators

Several rounds of project orientation / project briefing were held over a six month period (between May toNovember, 2000) with a view to build a minimum level of understanding about the project amongst allstakeholders: Utthan's entire staff; the project team, thj investigators, and of course the communities. Asthe following table (Table Three) suggests, the project team and the investigators got oriented thoroughly.Details are given in 4.0. Narrative reports on these briefings have been prepared in Gujarati, and copiescould be provided on request.

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Table Three: Project orientation and briefing

Project Stakeholders

« Utthan's entire staff° The project teamn The investigators° The communities

Number of orientation / briefings received

TwiceSix timesThree timesTwice

3.4 Selecting the project villages

In selecting five project villages each from our three program areas, a simple criterion was used. Utthan'spresent project villages were categorized based on the response they have given to our work/the extent towhich they have participated in the activities we have facilitated. Three distinct categories surfaced. First:villages that have given good response; Second: villages that have given moderate / poor response; and,Third: new villages. Two villages each from the first category; and, one each from the second and the thirdcategory were selected for implementation during phase I (Table Four).

Table Four: The Project VillagesProgram Area

° Amreli

0 Bhavnagar

0 Dahod

Villages as per response typeGood

° Kathivadar

° Rabhada

° MithiVirdi

° Neswad° Ghodazar0 Agaswani

Moderate /Poor

°Ningala

0 Nathugadh

°Plpodra

New

° Chanch0 Rpavav

° Valespur

° Goriyali

°2ambu

°Khajuri

3.5 Finalizing the methods of inquiry and developing the survey format

Utthan's support staff which is located at the head office, and three resource persons /experts, viz. Prof.Sara .Ahmed (IRMA, Anand, Gujarat), Prof. Sudarshan lyengar (GIDR, Ahmedabad, Gujarat), and Prof. IndiraHirway (CFDA, Ahmedabad, Gujarat), comprised the team that finalized the methods of inquiry anddeveloping the resultant format for the project These were done through numerous meetings where atleast two of the three resource persons were always present Besides fulfilling the above-mentioned twotasks, the resource persons and Utthan's support staff also dedded - in consultation with the project team- that phase one of the projects would be characterized by:

Research that is booth quantitative, and qualitative;Research that wiH use of a combination of methods of inquiry,Research that will focus on subjective set of questions - both open and dose ended; and,Research that will pertain to water resources and gender equity in terms of its content.

3.5.1 Inquiry Methods

The above team also finalized the methods of inquiry to be used during project implementation.These are given below.

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,• Questionnaire Method• Household• Village profile• Observation sheet

• Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), especially• Timeline• Seasonal cycle• Verm diagram• Social mapping

• Individual Interaction• Teacher• Sarpanch• Talati• Village elders• Health workers• Inhibiting elements / persons

• Focus Group Discussion (FGD)• Special Group Discussion• Secondary Data Collection• Literature Survey; and,• Case Profiles

3.5.2 Data collection / Information gathering

Separate sets of questionnaire, formats, checklists etc. were prepared to make the afore-mentionedtechniques operative in the field. This was done in three stages. Testing of the questionnaires (covering 10per cent of the sample population), the pilot survey (15 per cent), and, the main survey (15 per cent).Table Five lists down the project villages where these data collection exercises were carried out.

Table Five: Information Gathering Exercises

Information Gathering Exercises• Questionnaire Testing

• Pilot Survey

• Main Survey

Program Area• Amreli• Bhavnagar• Dabod

• Amreli• Bhavnagar• Dahod• Amreli

• Bhavnagar

• Dahod

Villages Covered• Rabhda• Goriyali• Pipodra• Rabhda, Kathivadar, Ningala• Mithi Vfrdi, Neswad, Goriali• Pipodra, Khajuri, Agaswani• Kathivadar, Rabhda, Ningala,

Chaneh, and Pipavav• Mithi Virdi, Neswad, Goriali

Valespur, Nathugadh• Pipodra, Agaswani, Ghodazar,

Zambu, Khajuri

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4.0 Activities Undertaken

In our original project proposal, we had mentioned on page 44 that considering both the phases together, the

program activities are divided into four main sets of:

(a) The research study;

(b) Developing a set of indicators (performance) of gender equity through community consultation;

(c) Developing a community based plan of action; and,

(d) Information dissemination, reports and workshops.

From the above, only item (a) comes under the purview of phase one. When put into operation at the field level, it willget converted into a set of programmatic activities (page 37). Table Six lists these, along with their present status. Itmust be mentioned however that most of the activities in phase one were geared towards examining our own work inwater resource management within a gender equity framework through a research exercise. The researchmethodology, comprised \largely of using different types of information gathering techniques to address the researchquestion. We have refrained from including detailed description of the activity processes and contents as theyhappened on the field presuming that eventually those would get reflected in the analytical findings, andinterpretations (Chapters 5.0 and 6.0).

5.0 Significant Observations

5.1 The Research Study

The main objective of the research/ study was to draw important conclusions about the present trend of

looking at natural resource management from a gender-equity (sensitive) framework. It will mean looking at

general and specific asset building at the village level from resource management exercises (for example,n entitlement to women's group within a village of a water harvesting structure for drinking water purposes)

across gender lines. It will also mean examining gender-based profit sharing from the water resource

management in. agriculture. What are people's perceptions on the idea of gender equity? What changes and

strategies are required to bring about equity in respect of direct and indirect benefits being generated out

of a common resource such as water? What are the indicators of change to monitor the direction of these

processes? The study would also serve the purpose of benchmarking with which the changing situation

could be compared.

5.1.1 The research study was to focus on, amongst others, aspects such as:

; • What exactly are the present trend of ownership over water / land resources (common or

private), control, and derision-making power in the context of gender in the sample

villages?

• How corisdous tte comnwiities (rnen and women) are about this inequity (both sectoral

and gender)?

• What is the existing structure that promotes this inequity (social- customary rights,

political, govt., legal, .and economic)?

• What is the communities' perception of ownership of water resource (surface and

ground)? What are the kinds of conflicts that exist around water resources?

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• Are their institutions in place to resolve these conflicts and how effective and functionalhave they proved? Are there any traditional systems/mechanism in place, which lookedinto the equity issue?

• What are women's priority issues in the villages we would be studying, andvthen working?• What is their level of interest on this issue of gender equity?

6.0 Interpreting Gender Equity in Water Resource Management

On the basis of data analysis We have tried to interpret the findings from the following context:

• Present water resource distribution system at micro and macro level• Its availability and non-availability in various sectors• Involvement of women in dedsion-making process, if i t js in practice, then how? What is the mechanism?

What cooperatives? Accessibility?• Women's views in context of water usage - the things upon which they agree/disagree or are suggestive.• Gender equity and water resource management ~ its importance and for interventions pertinent to Utthan's

goals

The present trend in ownership of natural resources shows that women have little in the way of 'legal'ownership over traditional private resources such as land or water (farm well). However, with theintroduction of new water assets such as roof water collection tanks (RWCTs), Utthan is attempting to givewomen greater ownership by encouraging the registration of such household assets in their name. Handpumps, taps and stand posts are also examples of water infrastnjcture where women are exercising greatercontrol. At another level, there are a number of emerging examples of community water assets beingmanaged by women's groups in Utthan's project area. For example, a recently rejuvenated well in Rajuladistrict (village?) is maintained and managed by one of the SHGs and is only used for drinking water. Whilenon-members have equal access to the water, the 'ownership' and management of the well is also used astrategy by the SHG to increase its membership.

In Neswad an underground tank built during the government's current drought-proofing program, is acommunity resource managed by the women's SHG with the support of the pani samiti. Five of the womenmembers of the SHG are also on the pani samiti and this has been critical in giving over the tank to thewomen's group for managing it.

In the villages and communities where Utthan has been working for at least the past five years,consciousness on equity issues in both the sectoral distribution and allocation of water as well as genderroles and responsibilities in water collection is visibly increasing. Women dearly articulate the impact ofwater collection on their physical health (time, energy, skeletal problerrB, etc.) and mental well-being -stress and conflict associated with water collection, particularly acute during periods of scardty. They feelthat men are not so aware about some of these health-related impacts, except perhaps for those who are apart of the various village institutions and/or Utthan's Conscentisation process. Even when men do collectwater they usually have access to some means of transport so they do not feel the drudgery as acutely aswomen who would typically carry heavy pots of water on their head. In the semi-feudal, patriarchal contextof Saurashtra, although men may not necessarily express their willingness to collect water, or do otherhousehold work, such perceptions are flexible and need to be looked at in the context in which they arebeing articulated.

9/25

Gven the past two to three years of water scarcity and drought like conditions in many of Utthan's projectvillages, there was a heightened concern amongst both men and women that the first charge on availablewater should be for drinking purposes. In a number of villages in Rajula (Kathivadar, Rpavav) private farmwells used for irrigation in the past were earmarked for the provision of drinking-water only. Similarly inMithi Virdhi in Bhavnagar district, three private wells were also designated for drinking water purposes only.However, not all villages are necessarily sensitive to inequities in water distribution - where vestedinterests have the power, collaboration with local, external industrial or other groups is not uncommon. Forexample, in the village of Majadar, villagers had allowed contractors to dredge the sand from their riverbedin return for water in the short term. But, consequently the storage/recharging capacity of the river wasaffected (please check this point). v

Part of the reason for such prevailing practices is the lack of any dearly defined social or customary rightson water and other community resources, except for those that are defined by caste (concept of ritualpurity underlying who has access to community water sources). Poor or ineffective implementation ofexisting policies and laws, for example, lack of restriction on groundwater extraction is another factorunderlying conflicts over access to critical livelihood resources. Recent attempts to strengthen anddemocratize PRIs ("good governance1), has been a good beginning towards developing accountability andtransparency in resource use and management. In this respect, Utthan feels that exposure visits andgroup discussions with Panchayat members in their villages as well as networking with larger genderoriented forums such as the Mahila Swaraj AbNyan is critical. At the economic level, women's traditionallack of ownership of resources such as land had made it difficult for them to individually access loans, etcHowever, through the SHGs promoted by Utthan, women are slowly able to get credit both as individualsand for group initiated activities.

It is increasingly clear that in conditions of scarcity, women's 'control' or management of critical waterresources becomes more visible, whether in terms of practice or in the articulation of such practice throughnew water policy initiatives (the ial-Oisha and the White Paper on Water in Gujarat for example). But whilewomen may have a greater role in such water management initiatives that are literally bom out of scarcityconditions, they still have little control (dedsion-making) in the situation or causes underlying andperpetuating water scarcity, e.g., land use decisions.

Conflicts around water resources are partiaiariy heightened during periods of scarcity as already stated.These indude, caste based conflict - for example, where are the lower castes located with respect to waterdistribution mechanisms? Formation of lines and the distribution and irregular timing of water delivery, byooth pipelines and tankere, are other causes of conflict. To some extent caste conflicts have reduced in thevillages where Utthan is working because people have been organized to work collectively over issuesaffecting their livelihoods as households and as members of the 'community'.

Institutional mechanisms for resolving conflict are predominantly the Panchayat and in villages wherewomen are members or where Panchayat have been gencler-sensitized then pc^win^iacts are being feltin the resolution of conflict In cases where most of the water assets are under private ownership andtherefore self-managed, e.g., RWCTs in Mnti Virdhi, there are fewer visible confficts over water use. Pan!samitis also have a role to play in conflict resolution partiaiariy if they are able to effectively coordinatewith the local Panchayat

We have tried to analyze the above, from the data, which has been collected from our sample villages in thetable attached as annex. 1.

10/25

Table Six: Project activities undertaken during the reporting period

8.0

Sr. No.01

02

030405060706

07OS09101112131415

Project ActivitiesGeneral orientation exerdseFor the entire Utthan staff - round oneGeneral orientation exerciseFor the entire Utthan staff - round oneSelection of project personnel from within Utthan's staffSelection of InvestigatorsSpecific orientation exerdse for the program team & support teamSpecific orientation exerdse for the investigatorsSpecific orientation exercise the communitiesTraining for the program team

Training for the investigatorsTraining for the communitiesTesting of questionnaire in select villagesPilot survey in select villagesMain survey in select villagesInformation / data analysisReport Writing_Information disseminationConsultative meet to design phase II method

Current StatusCompleted

Completed

CompletedCompletedCompletedCompletedCompletedCompleted

CompletedCompletedCompletedCompletedCompletedCorsetedCompletedTo be doneTo be done

OnMay 2000

August

AugustAugust

SeptemberSeptemberNovemberNovember

(Twice)NovemberNovemberNovember

ToMarch 2001

April to AugustSeptember

7.0 Concluding Remark

Where Utthan has initiated a gender sensitization process one can see changes in women's status and in genderroles and responsibilities. For example, in a need assessment survey, which was done towards the retrofitting workafter the earthquake of January 2001, houses were seen/defined as 'owned' by women, yet there has been no legaltransfer of such ownership. However, it needs to be pointed out that ownership is but one step in the process ofempowerment and that there are more complex questions regarding entitlements, rights and obligations which alsoneed to be addressed in the long term. For this to happen as part of a larger sustainable process of development,Utthan is dear that other actors in the external environment, for e.g., the caste Panehayat, banks, PRIs, etc., need tobe involved and sensitized to gender concerns. For e.g., banks do not recognize loans for sanitation or other healthrelated assets as productive and are therefore reluctant to give women such loans. Getting women included in castePanehayat and strengthening existing PRIs is also part of Utthan's mandate for the future. Critical areas of focus forUtthan will remain environmental degradation, health and hygiene, education and income generation.

Constraints and lessons learnt

We have found some gaps in the data collected, mainly in the qualitative one, e.g. not dear information/data from theforms could be obtained regarding what kind of institutional arrangements/mechanism existed before for conflictresolutions or for addressing the issue of equity. There is not much data available from the survey as regardsdistribution of benefits and how do women and men feel about it in the context of equitable sharing. Or what kind ofinstitutions or mechanisms do they envisage for effectively addressing the equity issue, within the area and thevillage level. We realized that might be in this aspect more senior members of the organisation needed to beinvolved.

11/25

Also, the team had to get suddenly involved in the Earthquake cflsaster relief and rehabilitation work in Kuchchh,Surehdranagar and our own areas namely, Bhavanagar and Rajula, which obviously displaced lot of its ongoingplanned work. Meanwhile, we could not also maintain our dose link and co ordination with some of resource personswhich has led to lack of some of the qualitative inputs.

Yet we find that the outcome is extremely enriching both for the team and the communities. It surely has built abetter understanding of the team for addressing the inequity issue., e.g. it came out dear that just ths ownership ofasset or implementation of a drinking water alternative does not necessarily empower women and give them thespace for decision making, It is only those villages where strong institutional mechanism are in place, where one findswomen being involved in important dedsion making.

9.0 Looking Ahead \

• How to proceed?

o Aspects to be worked ono Processes and mechanisms

o Our hitherto experience regarding impact/change in watershed and other programs.

• Exploring the expected desired outcome and impact of whatever we set out to do

• The macro-perspective / issues / aspects or mechanisms• Develop an overall framework and then each group to work out on issues, aspects, opportunities, threats and

mechanisms

• Organizational preparations required in terms of training, HRD, others

As described in the original proposal, we would be now be working out a dissemination strategy for the outcome ofthe data analysis as well as carry out various activities for implementing phase -2 of the program. The activity detailshave been given in the proposal. The detailed plan of action has been attached as annex.

if

if •

»• —

GUJARATUTTHAN: Work Areas

A K I

Arresting and managing oontaminafcn of fluorideh clinking waterDistrfcCRatanESoek :One(Patan) ^ RViages Covered: One

,ActMjes:*

ti it

**

"BfcalATee Development Program (TAD) / 1 9 » -District ;DenodHocka :"fiw(Dhanpur;lJn*heda)VXeges Covered: 27

Vf Cttl «t «r**MMfr

Distrfct :AnwlSocks :One{RaMa)Viages Covered: 23

yManhKtpnxgramhsaltweoastatww "T

RootvMte harmingas Maragwnanl e

Viages Ccvertd;AJMrJea :*Oonnun%

WormnfeSHQ«/IGA

Mknvcredtendlnanot

FMincdfocv nurturing snd dwotaprnsni of VLb

UgalaM

Housing

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Rosoaich on gondsr and •quafty

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cWTK|UBK0 recorwnxion tfn ranBDnaoon

12/25

ANNEXES

Table showing the Project Villages

Program Area

° Amreli

° Bhavnagar

° Dahod

VillagGood

° Kathivadar° Rabhada° MitNVirdi0 Neswad0 Ghodazar° Agaswani

es as per response typeModerate / Poor0 Ningala

0 Nathugadh

° Pipodra-

New0 Chanch0 Pipavav0 Valespur° Goriyali0 Zambu° Khajuri

STATASTICAL TABLES FOR TAD, UMKHEDA

Family size6-10Tyjjes of VUsManila MandateWatershed Samiti

Benefits of VUsDuring SicknessUrgent NeedFood GrainsParticipation in VUs meetingMaleFemale

Rate of Interest (11 %)Internal LendingMoney Lenders (1-5%)Finincial need(Males)Farming (1)Health (2)Social Occassions (3)Finincial need(Females)Household Expenses (1)Food Grains (2)Health (3)Drinking water (4)

Ghodazar(%)41

6hodazar(%)63

Ghodazar(%)959177

Ghodazar(%)100100

Ghodazar{%)82100

Ghodazar(%;867723

Ghodazar(%!82604137

Agaswani(%}69

Pipodara{%)70

Agaswanl(%Jpipodara(%)100100

Agaswani(%)10010089

Agaswani(%)100100

65100

PSpodara(%)373725

Rpodara(%)100100

AgaswanK%»Rpodara{%)90100

Aqaswani(%)1008526

Agaswani(%)78476332

96100

Rpodara(%)674617

Plpodara(%;92835446

Zambu(%)37

Zambu(%)

;

Zambu{%)502510

Zambu(%)100100

Zambu(%)80100

Zambu(%)957025

Zambu(%)25

50

Khazuri(%)42

Khazuri(%)100

Khazuri(%)424238

Khazuri(%)100100

Khazuri(%)100

Khazuri(%)80

6 1

Khazuri(%)100

100

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People involved in fetching water(Men)

Winter-11-1920-2930-49Summer-11-1920-293049Rainy season-11-1920-293049People involved in fetching water(Women)Winter-11-1920-293049Summer-11-1920-293049Rainy season-11-1920-293049Time taken for fetching waterWinter < 15 minutesWinter 16 - 30 minutes(m)31 minutes32 - 60 minutesSummer < 15m16-3Om31-6Om1-2 hours2hoursRainy season < 15m16-3031-60Amount of potable water fetched (in litres)winter 0-25254545-60Summer 0-25254545-60Rainy Season 0-25254545-60

Qwdazar(%)

44014474224114-

Ghodazar(%)472244732347224

Ghodazar(%-

45----

46--

50. -

-Ghodazar(%;

6823-

3263503218

Agaswani(%)

5537553755

39Agaswani(%)

-

4753-

4753.

4753

Agaswani(%)53----3737---

53

|Agaswanl(%)

90-

68323763-

Rpodara(%)5-

1020•----

Pipodara(%)5

75102075-

205025

Pipodara(%)------------

Pipodara(%j-

8510-

3070-

4550

Zambu(%)-4-

4--4-

2ambu(%)-1721-

1721-1721

Zambu(%)-

70--

-40---

55-

Zambu(%)

--------

Khajuri(%)-

20101631615821

Khajuri(%)164010-

3112-

1921

Khajuri(%)--

100-

--- •

50--

50Khajuri(%)

-4254-

3565272350

14/25

Amount of water fetched for other usage (in litres)Winter 0-2525-4545-60Summer 0-2525-4545-60Rainy Season 0-2525-4545-60Problems related to water fetchingGeneral HealthMental tensionInadequate sleepEducationOtherEager to change the water fetching responsibilityYesNoBole & responsibility in water availabilityMenWomenBoth-men & womenPanchayatNGOOthersExisting Water facilitiesWellHand pumpPublicPrivateProblems while water fetchingYesNoTypes of problems faced while water fetchingCaste biasnessLong queuesInadequate & inappropriate timeInadequate quantityContribution from communityPhysical labourMaintainance fundCash & kindWater tax

Ghodazar(%)-

2768--

9623-

68Ghodazar(%)

1001001006368

Ghodazar(%)955

Ghodazatf%)4555---

Ghodazar(%)77237790

Ghodazar(%3268

Gnodazart%)4315015

Gnodazar(%68239-

Agaswani(%)-

4258-

. 1189212653

Agaswani(%)1001001004734

Agaswani(%)8515

Agaswani(%]-

6832---

Agaswani(%;58423268

Agaswani{%5842

Agaswani(%26211142

Agaswani(%7921--

Pipodara(%)-1585-595---

Pipodara(%)1001001005555

Pipodara(%)

8515

Pipodara(%)-

6040---

Pipodara(%]7025

Pipodara(%;6535

Pipodara(%)5204530

Pipodara(%)

8020--

Zambu(%)-

-.--

---

Zambu(%)-----

Zambu(%)-

Zambu(%)------

Zambu(%)_---

Zambu(%)

Zambu(%)-

--

Zambu(%)

---

0

Khajuri(%)

-1977-

3568191560

Khajuri(%)7710103-

Khajuri(%)8911

Khajuri(%)., -

8119

- •

-

-

Khajuri(%)

1965--

Khajuri(%)3377

Khajuri(%)-161668

Khajuri(%)

46468-

15/25

Ownership on land (in bigha)

0-56-1011-1516-20Fodder while droughtBuy from outsideGovt. helpfrom foresttorn animal camp

Fodder in present situation

Buy from outsideGovt helpfrom forestFrom animal campCurrent state of fodderavailabilityMediumpoorIrrigation facilityYesNoplan for drinking waterYesNoBy governmentByNGO

Number of animals before 20 years

4-10

11-15Farm labourBefore 20 years/3-4 monthsAverage years/ 3-4 monthsCurrent year/1-2 months

Ghodazar(%)5427910

Qwdazar(%)

1006810032

Ghodazar(%)

10050554

Ghodazaifft]

5

95

Ghoda2ar(%)14

86Ghodazar(%)

63372941

Ghodazar(%

9

91Ghodazar(%;8

88

Agaswani(%)

3247165

Agaswani(%)

1004710016

Agaswani(%)

1005210

Agaswani(%)

5

95

Agaswani(%]10

90

Agaswani(%]683226

Agaswani(%]16

84

Agaswani(%]88

8

Pipodara(%)35401015

Pipodara(%)

100609060

Pjpodara(%}

_

Pipodara(%)

10

90Pipodara(%)

2520

Pipodara(%)

505050

Pfpodara(%)

15

85

Pipodara(%)7280100

Zambu(%)

-

Zambu(%)

-

Zambu(%)

ii

ii

Zambu(%)

-

Zambu(%)-

Zambu(%)

• i

i i

Zambu(%)-

Zambu(%)

Khajuri(%)

ii

(i

Khajuri(%)4823

.1019

Khajuri(%)61

8

31

Khajuri(%)

100Khafuri(%)

100Khajuri(%)

9648427

Khajuri(%)23

73Khajuri(%)

1007380

16/25

Statistical Tables for Bhavnagar

Gender

MaleFemaleFamily Size0-56-10Types of VUsPani SamitiNavratri MandalMahila MandateSwadhyaya MandalParticipation in VUs meetingMaleFemaleBenefits of VUsDuring SicknessUrgent NeedFor buying manureRate of InterestInternal LendingMoney LendersBankCooperativeFinincail need (Males)Farming (1)Health (2)Social Occassions (3)Finincial need (Women)Farming (1)Health (2)Housing (3)Grains (4)Household items (5)Employment (6)Social Occassions (7)

Mithi Virdi(%)

9595

Mithi Virdi(%)3060

Mithi Virdi(%)75 <6070_

Mithi V1rdi(%)7075

Mithi Virdi(%)1005050

Mithi Virdi(%)1000--

Mithi Virdi(%)--

Mithi Virdi(%)75507550752550

Neswad(%)8490

Neswad(%)3256

Neswad(%)966064-

Neswad(%)6896

Neswad(%)2020-

Neswad(%)403--

Neswad(%)1008080

Ncswad(%)10080---_

80

Nathugadh(%)

95100

Nathugadh(%)7025

Nathugadh(%)100-

100100

Nathugadh(%)100100

Nathugadh(%)253015

Nathugadh(%)355

-Nathugadh(%)

100100-

Nathugadh(%)100100--_

50-

Va!espur(%)

10090

Valespur(%)5040

Valespur(%)--

100-

Valespur(%)100100

Valespur(%)5050-

Valespur{%)5035_-

Vaiespur(%)10090

•

Valespur(%)5050--

-60

Goriyali(%)

8090

Goriyali(%)3545

Goriyali(%)-

252545

Goriyali(%)7575

Goriya!i(%)5555-

Goriyafi(%)45-

-Goriyali(%)

504035

Goriyali(%)5555--

-45

17/25

Role of people in fetching potable water (Men)

winter-11-1920-2930-49Summer-11-1920-293049Rainy season-11-1920-293049

Role of people in fetching potable water (Women]

winter-11-1920-2930-49Summer-11-1920-293049Rainy season-11-19

20-29

3049Time taken for fetching water -

winter 15 m

16-30m31-60mSummer -15m

16-30m31-60mRainy season -15m

16-3031-60Amount of potable water fetched [in litres)

winter 0-25254545-60Summer 0-25

254545-60Rainy Season 0-25

254545-60

Mithi Vlrdi(%)--

25-

25258-

Mithi Virdi{%)2550--5025<2 u

50-

Mithi Virdi(%)

2575

-2575100--

Mithi Virdi(%5050-5050--

100

Neswad(%)-

20--

20--

20-

Neswad(%)4040-

4020204040-

Neswad(%)

4060---156040-

Neswad(%)4040206040-

100--

Natnugadh(%)-

255-35--

355

Nathugadh(%)154510153515-

4515

Nathugadh(%)--

100--

100-

5050

Nathugadh(%-

75252575--

2080

^alespur{%)- •

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Valespur(%]206020206020205030

Valespur(%-

100--

100--

100Valespur(%

-8020-

6040106030

Soriyali(%)

-25-----

25-

Goriyali(%)

25455-

20-

2525-

Goriyali(%]--

100-

3533-

3533

Goriyali(%;-

7030--

1002575-

18/25

Amount of water fetched for other usage (inlitres)winter 0-2525-4545-60Summer 0-2525-4545-60Rainy Season 0-2525-4545-60Problems related to water fetchingGeneral HealthMental tensionInadequate sleepEager to change the water fetching responsibilityYesNoRoles & responsibility in water availabilityMenWomenBoth-men & womenPanchayatNGOOthersExisting water facilitieswinter/WellHand pumpTankTapTankerRiverSummer/WellHand pumpTankTapTankerRiverRainy season/WellHand pumpTankTapTankerRiver

MithiVirdi(%)-

7525

100

-5050

Mithi Virdi(%)502525

Mithi Virdi(%)2080

Mithi Virdi(%)_

3525

-Mithi Virdi(%)

50-

50-

-75-

25_-

-

80--

20

Neswad(%)

4060-

6040-

2080

Neswad(%)6040-

Neswad(%)3268

Neswad(%)-

32202028-

Neswad(%)404020---

2040-

2812

-202040-

20

Nathugadh(%)-

2575-

100

--

100Nathugadh(%)

402535

Nathugadh(%)1090

Nathugadh(%)

-

6525-

Nathugadh(%)75-

20---

75---

25

75-

25---

Valespur(%)-

5050-

2080103070

Valespur(%)909060

Valespur(%)4060

Valespur(%)-

50-

4050

Valespur(%)3090--_

4060---

2080----

Goriyali(%)-

4555

- •

-

100154045

Goriyali(%)556040

Goriyali(%)1090

Goriyali(%)55105030.

Goriyali(%)

7520

-

75---

25_

75-

25---

19/25

Availability and sources of waterYe:NoPotable water (public)Potable water (private)Water for other use (public)Water for other use (private)Present water facilityVfellHaridpumpTankProblems while water fetchingYesNoContribution from communityCash & kindWater taxUsage of the sources during scarcitySensible useFetching water from far away placesBuying waterotherFodder while droughtBuy from outsideFrom cattle ca mpotherCurrent state of fodder availabilityMediumPoorAvailability of fodder-(presently)Buy from outsideFrom cattle ca mpotherirrigation facilityYesNoIrrigational effects on drinking waterBuying waterEnhanced water salinityEffect on water qualityDiminidNng ground water table

Mithi V1rdi{%)6C40

100

100MithiVirdJ(%)

100

100Mithivlrdi(%)

100MithiVirdi(%)

100

Mithi Virdt(%)255025

Mithi Vlrdi(%)100

Mithi V1rdi(%)2575

Mithi Virdi(%)100

Mithi Vircfi(%)2575

Mithi Virdi(%)2530 '»45

Neswad(%)100

100

100Neswad(%)

-

Neswad(%)2872

Neswad(%)8020

40202020

Neswad(%)80128

Neswad(%)2872

Neswad(%)100

Neswad(%)2080

Neswad(%)60

2020

Nathugadh(%)6040109090

• 10Nathugadh(%)

8020

Nathugadh(%)3070

Nathuqadh(%)

100Nathugadh(%)

50455

Nathugadh(%)7525

Nathugadh(%)1090

Nathugadh(%)8020

Nathugadh(%)4060

Nathugadh(%)50

2525

Valespur(%)8020100100100100

Valespur(%)2080

Valespur(%)2080

Valespur(%)

90Valespur(%)

80

20

Valespur{%]100

Valespur(%]2080

Valespur(%!100

Valespur(%;3070

Valespur(%'80

20

Goriyali(%)554540604060

Goriyali(%)6525

Goriyali(%)7525

Goriyali(%)

100Goriyali(%)

85355

Goriyali(%)85

15Goriyali(%)

4060

Goriyali(%)65

10Goriyali(%)

2575

Goriyali(%]50

1535

20/25

plan for drinking waterYesNoBy governmentByNGONumber of animals before 20 years1-34-67-910-12EmploymentBefore 20 years/farmingBefore 20 years/Diamond polishingBefore 20 years/other occupationsPresent/FarmingPresent/Diamond polishingPresent/otherUsual no. of months for agriculture labour1-23-45-6No. of months for agriculture laboure presently1-23-45-6Alternate employmentDiamond Polishing - MenDiamond Polishing - WomenRelief work - MenRelief -Vltomen

MithiVirdi(%)

100-

1585

Mithi Virdi(%)20352520

Mithi Virdf(%)95

255025

Mithi Virdi(%)

8515

Mithi Virdi{%)4555

Mithi Virdi{%)25

75100

Neswad(%)100

-

20. 80

Neswad(%)206020-

Neswad(%)90

4060

Neswad(%)2080

Neswad(%)6040

Neswad(%)

4550

Nathugadh(%)65353520

Nathugadh(%)15304510

Nathugadh(%)502015452510

Nathugadh(%)

6535

Nathugadh(%)6040

Nathuqadh(%)2525

Valespur{%)406040-

Valespur(%)30-10-

Valespur(%)80

702010

Valespur(%]503020

Valespur(%;

100Valespur(%)

404020

Goriyali(%)30701020

Goriyali(%)10402015

Goriyali(%)37

5510

Goriyali(%)151095

Goriyali(%]755525

Goriyali(%)5050

21/25

Stistical Table for Rajula

Gender Distribution>Male> Female

Family Size0-56-1011-15

Types of VUs> Panl Samiti> Navratri Mandal

>Mahila Mandate> Swadhyaya Mandal

>Yuvak Mandal> Watershed Samiti> Mitha (Salt) Mandali

> Panchmukh' Mandal

Participation in VUs meetina

>Male>Female

Rate of Interest>Bank> Money LendersRnandal Needs / Males> Household Expenses (1)>Hea!th(2)> Social Occasions (3)> Farming (4)

•> tmpfoyment (b)Financial Needs / Females> Household Expenses (1)> Health (2)> Social Occasions (3)

> Drinking water (4)> Employment (5 )_People involved in fetching water (Men)

Winter-11-1920-293049Summer T 11-19

20-293049Rainy season-11-1920-293049

Kalhivadar(%)

9191

Kathivadar(%)

31549

KatNvadar(%)

3131_

9-

-

Kathtadar(%)4523

KatWvadar(%)-

45Kathivadar(%)

907368

bUKathivadar(%)

91876787-

Kathivadar(%)-

41

----

RAbhch(%)10095

RAbhda(%)

3040-

RAbhda(%)-

2510--

50RAbhda(%)

5540

RAbhda(%)

5010

RAbhda(%)95505050CD

RAbhda(%)

10070707055

Rabhda(%)-15

-

---

Ningala-1(%)

8590

Ningala-1(%)137015

Ningala-1(%)

3510--35.--

Ningala-1(%)

9520

Ningala-1(%)

4545

Ningala-1(%)90857585

™

Ningala1(%)

90757575-

Ningaia-1(%)1520

-

Pipavav(%)10085

Pipavav(%)7030-

Pipavav(%)-

102060----

Pipavav(%)7570

Pipavav(%)-

90Pipavav(%)

756565

65Pipavav(%)

9595959570

Pipavav(%)-30--

--

Chanch(%)4848

Chanch(%)176510

Chanch(%)•

44--

30-

Chanch(%)412

Chanch(%)-

98Chanch(%)

56875085

~Chanch(%)

678688115-

Chanch(%)44

_

-

22/25

3eople involved in fetching water (Women)Winter-11-1920-2930-49Summer- 11-1920-2930-49Rainy season-11-1920-2930-49Time taken for fetching water -Winter 15 m16~30m31-60mSummer - 15m16-30m31-60mRainy season - 15m16-3031-60Amount of potable water fetched (in litres)Winter 0-2525-4545-60Summer 0-2525-4545-60Rainy Season 0-2525-4545-60Amount of water fetched for other usage (inlitres)Winter 0-2525-4545-60Summer 0-2525-4545-60Rainy Season 0-2525-4545-60Problems related to water fetchingGeneral HealthMental tensionInadequate sleep •

Kathivadar(%)

100-------

Kathivadar(%)2575-

2575100

--

Kathivadar(%).

5050-9 .91-

7085

Kathivadar(%)

991-595-1585

Kathivadar(%)100100100

Rabhda(%)-

85--

--

Rabhda(%)4060---

156040-

Rabhda(%)-

7025-

1585-

&595

Rabhda(%)-

595.

1090-5

95Rabhda(%)

808080

Ningala~1(%)7590_--

-

--

Ningala-1(%)--

100--

100-

5050

Ningalar1(%)-

7020-5

85-

6585

Ningala-1(%)--

85--

85--

85Hingala-1(%)

858585

Pipavav(%)-

100-

•• --

•

-

-

-

Pipavav(%)--

100--

100--

100Pipavav(%)

-7015-

7030-

8045

Pipavav(%)-

5545-

6040-

5545

Pipavav(%)100100100

Chanch{%)1189-------

Chanch(%)

-100-

3533-

3533

Chanch(%)-

8527-

4060-

7993

Chanch(%)-1189-793-793

Chanch(%)919191

23/25

Eager to change the water fetchingresponsibility

YesNoRoles & responsibility in water availabilityMenWomenBoth-men & womenPanchayatNGOOthers

Existing water facilities

winter/WellHand pumpTankTapTankerRiverSummer /WellHand pumpTankTapTankerRiver

Rainy season / Well

Hand pumpTankTapTanker

RiverProblems while water fetching

YesNoJTypes of problems faced while waterfetching

Caste biasness

Following a queue[Mechanism for problem solving

[Watershed SamityGram Panchyat

NGOCommunity contribution

Cash & kindWater tax

Kathtvadar(%)

2773C

100100--

63. -

KatKvadar(%)95-50-

-75-

25-----

80--

20Kathivadar(%)

100-

Kathivadar(%)

9595

Kathivadar(%)

-955

Katnivadar(%-

32

Rabhda(%)

3040

Rabhda(%)

8585555-

Rabhda(%)

354020--

2040_

2812--

202040-

20 j

Rabhda(%)

100-

Rabhda(%)

-Rabhda(%)

--

Rabhda{%)-

20

Nirtgala-1(%)

2575

Ninqala-1(%)

9090

•

1090

Ningala-1(%)

75-

20---75---

25-

75-

25---

Ningala-1(%)

100-

Ningala-1(%)

5555

Ningala-1(%)

55520

Ningala-1(%)

75-

Pipavav(%)

2575

Pipavav(%)

100100-

85--

Pipavav(%)

3090----

4060--

2080----

Pipavav(%)

100-

Pipavav(%)

100100

Pipavav(%)-

100-

Pipavav(%)

35

Chanch(%)-

• ' • • • -

Chanch(%)

100100-

100- '-

Chanch(%)-7520---

75--

25-

75.-

25---

Chanch(%)

100-

Chanch(%)

100100

Chanch(%)-96-

Chanch(%)-

81

24/25

\

Employment (20 years ago)Farm LabourSalt related labourEmployment (present)Farm LabourRelife work realted labourDiamond polishingSalt related labourCasual labour

!Kathivadar(%;95-

Kathivadar(%]675430-

45

Rabhda(%)85-

Rabhda(%)85----

Ningala-1(%)7030

Ningala-1(%)-----

Pipavav(%)100

-Pipavav(%)

85--

85-

Chanch(%)

10Chanch(%)

83

-

Usage of the water during scarcitySensible useFetching water°from far away placesBuying waterOtherFodder- iDuring DraughtDuring normal rainPresentlyIrrigation facilityYesNoplan for drinking waterYesNoBy governmentByNGONumber of animals before 20 years1-34-1010-12Average no. of months for agriculture labour3^5-6No. of months for agriculture laboure presently15 days1-23-45-6

KatNvadar(%)9595--

Kathivadar(%)323232

Kathivadar(%)-

* 100Kathivadar(%)

23--

23Kathivadar(%)

9329

Kathivadar(%)590

Kathivadar(%)31-5

63

Rabhda(%^10015--

Rabhda(%)656065

Rabhda(%)-

65Rabhda(%)

55351285

Rabhda(%)201525

Rabhda(%)2570

Rabhda(%)603055

Ningala-1(%)5050--

Ningala-1(%)959595

Ningaia-1(%)-

75Ningala-1(%)

3525525

Ningala-1(%)---

Ningala-1(%)-

70Nlngala-1(%)

--

-

Pipavav(%)

-35-

Pipavav(%)353535

Pipavavf %)590

Pipavav(%)--

50

Pipavav(%)15530

Pipavav(%)-

100Pipavav(%)

-0-

5

Chanch(%)903

" 25-

Chanch(ft)303030

Chanchi'So)1270

Chanch(%)89-

32-

Chanch(%)41412

Chanch(%)-

100Chanch(%)

--

3367

25/25

Alternate employment

FarmingDiamond PolishingCasual LabuourSalt related labour

KatHvadar(%)

67-

50-

Rabhda(%)

6025

-

Ningala-1(%)

70--10

Pipavav(%)

40

60-

Chanch(%)

84--16

r:

Understanding Gender Equity in Water Resource Management

Ford Foundation Project

Work Plan for Phase Two

No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Particulars

Sharing of Phase 1 Finding* with

> Funding Partners

> Resource persons / experts

> Utthan team

Mortifying appropriate Indicators throughworkshop

Finalizing Phase II methodology through aworkshop

Sharing of Phase fl methodology with thecommunity

Community mobilization and organization w.r.t.Livelihood Management Plan fLMP)

> Padystra

> Exposure visits

Training for Program team & support team onproject Implementation

> Community training for LMP

> VLOs Trinfng for Project Implementation

> Gender sensitization training

Oct-01 Nov-01

'nffSS'SnRIsmssm

Dw-01

B99HBS

m

SlBiaH

Jan-02 Feb-02

mmm

Mar-02

H i^ \

Apr-02

BMBg

May-02 Jun-OZ Jut-o; Aug-02 Sep-02

No.

7

8

9

10

11

12~

13

14

15

Particulars

Interaction with pre-deslgnated group ofappropriate media

Preparation of livelihood management plans

Segregation of Physical cotnponets and non-physical component*

Identification and mobilization of funds fromagencies that would support physical componentptan

Identification and establishment of appropriatecommunity tnstftution that wHI implement theabove

Project implementation and monitoring

Impact assessment study

Information dissemination through workshops

Report writing and documentation

Oct-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02

mmmmmmmmmmmm

mm

Jul-02 Aug-02

K̂

Sep-02

WWum