Transcript
Page 1: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

OCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7

Announcing!

ECONOMICMINERAL DEPOSITSI

By ALAN M. BATEMANProfessor of Economic Geology, Yale University

The material in this book is presented in three parts: Part I offers a general treatment of theprinciples and processes of mineral formation, including details of form, occurrence, andorigin of metallic minerals; Part II gives brief discussions of the various metals; Part IIIdeals with the nonmetallic minerals, grouped according to their chief uses. The volume isdesigned for use in either one- or two-term courses in economic geology-both metalliferousdeposits and nonmetallic substances. Elementary and advanced students will find it usefuland understandable.The book constitutes a complete treatise on the subject of economic mineral deposits. Em-phasis is placed upon processes of formation of mineral deposits. The content includesworldwide deposits, rather than merely those of the United States; it thus represents a readyreference to all important deposits.A new and adequate textbook treatment of oxidation, gossans, and supergene enrichment isgiven. There is also a detailed discussion of the mineral-forming processes of sedimenta-tion, evaporation, and residual concentration. A new treatment of magmatic ores is given,with details of relations of magmas and ores. Further, the book gives practical geologicapplications of theory, such as the value of geology in prospecting, the importance of min-erals in industry and international relations, and mineral resources. A treatment of non-metallics in industrial use groups is given.CONTENTS-PART I. PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES. Introduction. Brief History of the Use ofMinerals and of the Development of Economic Geology. Materials of Mineral Deposits and Their Forma-tion. Magmas, Rocks, and Mineral Deposits. Processes of Formation of Mineral Deposits. Controls ofMineral Localization. Folding and Faulting of Mineral Deposits. Classifications of Mineral Deposits.Resources, International Relations, and Conservation in Minerals. Geology in Prospecting, Exploration,Development, and Valuation of Mineral Properties. Extraction of Metals and Minerals. PART II. ME-TALLIC MINERAL DEPOSITS. The Precious Metals. The Nonferrous Metals. Iron and FerroalloyMetals. Minor Metals and Related Nonmetals. PART III. NONMETALLIC MINERAL DEPOSITS.The Mineral Fuels. Ceramic Materials. Structural and Building Materials. Metallurgical and RefractoryMaterials. Industrial and Manufacturing Materials. Chemical Minerals. Fertilizer Minerals. Abrasivesand Abrasive Minerals. Gemstones. Ground Water Supplies. INDEX.

Approximately 870 pages Illustrated 6 by 9 Probable price, $6.00

JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc., 440 4th AVE., NEW YORK

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7OCTOBER. 30, 1942

Page 2: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT VOL. 96, No. 2496

SCIENCE NEWSScience Service, Washington, D. C.

DANGERS CONNECTED WITH THEHANDLING OF METALS

A GRAPHIC description of the dangers connected withthe handling of metals in American industry and thesuggestion of an eight-point program to eliminate themwere made by Dr. Robert A. Kehoe, of the University ofCincinnati College of Medicine, at the New Haven meet-

ing on Industrial Health and Medicine in Wartime inthe Yale School of Medicine."In a large measure this is a war of metals," said Dr.

Kehoe, "and metals are being used increasingly for theweapons of war, the machinery to make those weapons

and in chemicals for certain purposes. The toxicity ofmetals is not always well understood, but it is at least

clear that some metals combine with the essential com-

ponents of protoplasm, thus interfering with the workingsof body cells. Some metals are poisonous because theyform volatile chemical compounds which can be inhaled inhigh concentrations, notably arsine from arsenic. Others

are poisonous because they are readily soluble in watery

liquids and dissolve readily in the intestinal juices, be-

coming easily absorbed in the bloodstream. Again, a

metal often occurs in combination with a more toxic sub-

stance and may be less hazardous than its partner-forexamples, lead arsenate."

It was pointed out that once metals are inside the sys-

tem, they are redistributed throughout the body in certainorgans. Among these the liver is preeminent and in thecase of more prolonged storage, the bony skeleton may

become the most important storage depot. How longmetals remain stored depends on a number of factors,including rates of breakdown of chemical compounds,rate of metabolic renewal of the tissue involved, and theform in which the poison occurs. Variations in thepoisonous effect of metals depend on abnormally highconcentrations, marked individual differences among men

and the type of compound in which the metal occurs.

Dr. Kehoe outlined means of measuring the degree ofexposures in terms of the toxic metal concentration, corre-

lating these measurements with physiological effects andfinding the established limits of safety. He said thatexposure can be controlled with the following eight prac-

tices: (1) plant design to segregate more hazardous op-

erations; (2) enclosed operations and properly designedequipment; (3) adequate ventilation with air-conditioningwherever possible; (4) housekeeping and maintenance;(5) protective equipment and sanitation; (6) instructionand regulations; (7) supervision of work and workmen;(8) general hygienic instruction of workmen.

DEHYDRATED FOODSSTRIDES in the dehydrated food industry were described

recently by Dr. Samuel C. Prescott, dean emeritus ofMassachusetts Institute of Technology, at the school con-

ducted for operators, foremen, and plant managers by theDepartment of Agriculture at the Western RegionalResearch Laboratory.

"The War Department," he said, "has already pur-

chased or contracted for nearly a hundred million poundsof dehydrated vegetables. Not only is this tremendousincrease in the dehydration of foods a part of the war

effort, but it is potentially a great and useful industrywhich will continue after the war."The story of the development of dehydrating foods has

been a history of emergencies. Dehydrated vegetableswere first used in the Civil War when soup mixtures were

given the troops to prevent scurvy. In 1886 a small plantto dehydrate vegetables was started in Australia to sup-

ply miners and explorers. About ten years later therewas some interest in dehydrated foods in this countrybecause of the needs of the miners in the Klondike goldrush.During the Spanish-American War dehydrated potatoes

were bought in considerable quantity for the navy. Soonafter this the battleship Oregon, similarly supplied, madea trip around the world. "I saw some of the potatoesthat went on that trip," Dr. Prescott said, "they were

the color of a good brown derby."In the Boer War troops sent to South Africa were sup-

plied with dehydrated vegetables for soup mixtures.Some of these, packed in paraffined barrels, were keptuntil the World War and served to the British troopsnearly fifteen years later.

In 1910 the United States had only a few kitchen-sizedehydration plants. The World War gave a great im-

petus to the industry. The Navy, remembering the ex-

perience of the Oregon, refused to buy any considerablequantity of dehydrated vegetables, but the Army orderedmany thousand tons. The products varied greatly in

quality; some were good, others were "case-hardened,"some scorched, and some not thoroughly dried. However

the need was great and all were sent to France. This

poor quality caused a prejudice against all dehydratedfoods which retarded the further development of the in-

dustry. But some products were excellent even in 1919.

At a dinner that year, served to 200 members of the

American Society of Bacteriologists, no one was aware

that the whole meal-with the exception of the roast, the

rolls, and the ice cream-was prepared from dehydratedfood.

In Germany the development far exceeded our own.

Beginning with one small plant in 1898, we find 199 in

1909, and 1,900 in 1917 in which the total quantity of

dried potatoes alone was equal to three times our annual

crop.

During recent years and especially since 1940 under

the stimulus of the Government Dehydration Committee,there has been a great increase in knowledge and interest.

The best products-which include numerous varieties of

vegetables-are practically equal to fresh ones in flavor,texture and nutrition.The government hopes that by means of large scale

inspection of plants, and by schools such as the Western

Regional Research Laboratory, our fighting forces will be

8

Page 3: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

OCOE 30 92SIN EA V RIE E T

TWO OUTSTANDING TEXTSFOR SCIENCE COURSES

MAN AND THE BIOLOGICAL WORLDBY J. SPEED ROGERS, THEODORE, H. HUBBELL and C. FRANCIS BYERS, University of Florida.605 pages, 6 x 9. $3.50

A comprehensive text for survey courses designed to give the student a thorough groundingin the principles of biology. With major emphasis on basic principles and on biology as ascience, this new book is of unusual interest in that it gives the background, facts and funda-mentals that will enable the non-biologist to understand and evaluate his own biologicalheritage and his relations to other organisms. At the same time, the facts are presentedwith such scientific accuracy that the book will also serve as an excellent introductory textfor students who intend to specialize in biology.

The subject matter comprises the examination of the organism from four successive view-points: (1) The organism as an isolated individual: structure and function, with the humanbody as the chief example; (2) The organism as a link in a sequence to generations: repro-duction and genetics; (3) The organism as the product of evolution: operation of geneticprinciples over a long period of time; history of life on earth; evolution of man; (4) Theorganism as a member of an economic and social complex: ecology.

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCEBY KONRAD BATES KRAUSKOPF, Stanford University. 660 pages, 6 x 9. $3.50

This distinctive book has won a place for itself as a well-balanced and scholarly text whichcaptures and holds the interest of the beginning student. Teachers like the book because ofits completeness; the careful selection of material; the emphasis on basic principles ratherthan details; and the presentation of physics, chemistry, astronomy and geology as a unifiedfield of knowledge. The achievements of modern science and important discoveries of thepast are discussed with special emphasis on fundamentals and on methods of scientificreasoning.

Difficult subjects are fully explained in simple language, with a minimum of technical terms.From a pedagogical standpoint, the book is extremely flexible. It is readily adaptable tocourses of different lengths, and contains sufficient material so that a course based on the textmay be varied from year to year.

Send for copies on approval

McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC.330 West 42nd Street, New York, N. Y.

OCTOBER 30; 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 9

Aldwych House, London, W.C.2

Page 4: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

10 SCIENCE-S

supplied with the "best food they ever got in their lives"and also that a permanent industry will be establishedwhich will extend to and be of great value to all ourpeople.

A NUTRITIOUS SOUPTHE latest addition to large-scale, low cost, high nour-

ishment feeding is a three-cent soup mix announced byDr. Robert S. Harris, of the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, at the Detroit meeting of the AmericanDietetic Association.Made of skim milk powder, peanut flour, soya flour

and peas, the soup mixture is inherently rich in good pro-tein and in vitamins of the B complex. It will be possibleto supplement it with minerals and with natural and syn-thetic vitamins so that each ounce can supply the fullday 's allowance of these diet essentials. A full day 'sportion can be supplied at a cost of two to three cents.The mixture is ready to serve, so it is not subjected to

the destructive effects of cooking. All the materials areavailable in large quantities which will make it possiblefor the soup to be used on a national or internationalscale. Used as a stock to which meat and vegetables maybe added, it provides the possibility of great variety ina school-lunch menu.A field study conducted in six schools in small com-

munities in Michigan showed that the soup was palatableas 426 children consumed it daily for three months andshowed no evidence of tiring of it. There were signifi-cant improvements in the group to which the soup wasgiven in comparison with the control group who ate theusual school lunch. These improvements included a bet-ter ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and iron status and someimprovement in weight and riboflavin status. The studyshowed that the hot school lunch previously supplied wasnot properly supplementing the home dietary.

SCARLET FEVERTHE most important factor in the making of a scarlet

fever epidemic in any community is the condition of theenvironment and specifically the number of persons in thecommunity carrying scarlet fever germs, according to areport made by Dr. Francis F. Schwentker and Dr. JohnH. Janney, of the Roekefeller Foundation, New York, tothe St. Louis meeting of the American Public HealthAssociation.

Over the world all the twenty-six serological types ofgerms belonging to the group A streptococei family havebeen isolated from patients with scarlet fever. In anysingle community, however, the sporadic cases are due toonly a few types, and epidemic cases to only one type.

Strains capable of causing scarlet fever, called scarla-tinogenic, are present sometimes in communities free fromthe disease, which raises the question, what causes an epi-demic to start? The question is answered as follows:"For scarlet fever to occur in a community, a scarla-

tinogenie strain of streptococcus must be present or in-troduced. The number of cases of infection which followdepends on the distribution factor as measured by thecarrier rate. Low carrier rates mean only sporadic cases;high rates accompany epidemics."A part of the population are never reached by the

5UPPLEMENT VOL. 96, No. 2496

streptococcus. These naturally remain well. Of theothers who become infected, some have antibacterial im-'munity; they either eliminate the organism immediatelyor become healthy carriers."Those without antibacterial immunity become ill; the

kind of illness is determined by the antitoxic immunity.If immune, the patient develops streptococeic tonsillitis;if not, scarlet fever. Other diseases such as erysipelasand puerperal fever may result with portals of entry otherthan the throat. "

ITEMSU. S. DEPARTMENT of Agriculture entomologists have

discovered three ways to destroy the dog flies that men-aced soldiers and construction workers at army camps incoastal areas. The methods are: spraying marine grasswith dilute creosite oil; dipping celery waste, and bury-ing peanut litter. The shoal and turtle grass on theshores of bays and sounds, the litter left after balingpeanut vines for hay and the dump piles of waste strip-pings from celery washing plants all had previously been"fly factories." Dog flies do not carry disease to man,but their painful, stinging bites are enough of a nuisanceto reduce efficiency 20 or 25 per cent., according to astatement made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.Since the fly population has been reduced, contractorsreport increased efficiency of workers and estimate a sav-ings at two camps alone of about $500,000. The dog flyis a serious pest to cattle. In 1939 owners of livestockin one coastal area reported that one fifth of their cattledied from loss of blood, hunger and weakness resultingfrom annoyance by this pest. In efforts to escape theflies, cattle rush into the mud and water of swamps, andbecome mired so that they are often unable to freethemselves.

THE source of the petroleum from which industrial sol-vents, such as benzin, gasoline and solvent naphtha, areobtained plays a part in determining the possible injuri-ous action of these chemicals on those who work withthem. This is one part of the "lesson" Dr. W. F. VonOettingen, principal industrial toxicologist for the U. S.Public Health Service, gave a group of fifty Connecticutphysicians attending the opening class of the new courseon " Industrial Health and Medicine in War Time "given at the Yale School of Medicine. The increasinguse of hydrocarbons in war industries is creating newhealth hazards. The appraisal of these hydrocarbonsoffers considerable difficulties because most of these sol-vents represent mixtures, sometimes of heterogeneousnature, and because their composition is often only in-completely known. Certain solvents such as benzin, gaso-line and solvent naphtha, may vary with regard to theirchemical composition according to the source of thepetroleum from which they are obtained and thereforevary also with respect to their injurious action. Dr. VonOettingen suggested that the older method of describingthese substances in terms of their physical propertiesfailed adequately to indicate their potential injuriouseffects. Therefore, he suggests that appropriate chemi-cal analysis be made in order to detect possible noxiouscomponents.

Page 5: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

OcTonun 30, 1942 AWIENOE-ADVERTISEMENTA3 11

OUR LEADING PRODUCTS ml 8-Ring Cargilleing raduated Tubes

Giemsa Stain 8-. A convenient low-priced graduated tube ...one ring at each ml from 1 to 8 ml. Cheaper

(Gradwohl) than a graduated cylinder. Used as a test6 tube, it accustoms first-year students to think

Commnssion-Certifled; in terms of metric volumes. Now in use in$2.00 for 2 ounces .. leading schools. Also useful for blending ex-

periments and for solubility and miscibility4 tests . . . for any routine measurements of

Blood Grouping Sera small volumes. You will find many uses forthese tubes. Sample on request.

A and B-Price $2.00 per 2 c.c. Dozen $1.00 Gross $9.00Absorbed B-

(to differentiate A1 from A,) R. P. C.Price $3.00 per 1 c.c. _o I

M and N _ Sample Storage Set(in Paternity and Medico-legal cases) To keep small samples in or-Price $5.00 per c.c. derly arrangement for reference.

OF HIGH TITER AND EFFICIENCY Each set has 100 glass vials 41"by J' (about 9 ml. capacity),with indexing facilities. Ten

GRADWOHL LABORATORIES sets occupying 34" shelf spaceSt. Louis, Missouri hold 1,000 samples.3514 Lucas Avenue Each Set, complete, $3.25 Dozen $30.00

Write for Price List of all Laboratory Products R. P. CARGILLE_ _ _ _ __| 118 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y.

The LaMotte Thiocyanate OutfitThe positive chemical control of the blood thio-eyanate content during administration of this com-pound is of the utmost importance. Analytical

chemical laboratories, and the LaMotte outfit uses

one of these procedures. The specimen of blood istreated according to instructions and the developed

FREDERICK EBERSON, PH.D., M.D. color in the specimen is compared with color stand-ards. Complete outfit with instructions. Price

A story of the gigantic struggle going on $22.50, f.o.b., Towson, Baltimore, Maryland.

between man and microbes. For the sci- LaMotte Chemical Products Co.entist it presents a permanent record of Dept. "He' Towson, Baltimore, Md.progress made during very recent years inpreventive medicine. For the student itillustrates the procedure by which great Wanted! One second-hand thermostat-discoveries of science are made. For the ically controlled constant temperaturediscoverie ofsciencearemad .Fooven capable of adjustment between thegeneral reader it provides a cultural edu- temperatures of 1000 C. and 1100 C. Forcation that touches nearly every phase of purchase by New York State Conservationdaily living. Department, Albany, N. Y.

Price $3.50

vii + 344 Pages THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING CO.ITHE ~~PRINTERS OF

THE JAQUES CATTELL PRESS SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL JOURNALS.

Lancaster, Pa MONOGRAPHS AND BOOKS_l LAN Correspondence InvitedLANCASTER. PENNSYLVANIA !I11 11l1

OCTOBER 30; 19.2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 11

Page 6: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

12SINEAVRIEET O.9,N.29

for accurate linear measurements of short rangeGAERTNER

MI C R OMET ER SL I D E Sfltted with microscope or telescope, permit- horizontal

depth

vertical j- micrometermeasurements focusing

A most desirable feature of these instruments is the diversity of applications possible., In addition to the usesindicated, displacements on small objects can be measured by mounting them directly on the slide. Two slidescan be mounted to form a small coordinate comparator. Etc., etc.

RANGES: up to 4 Inches (100 mm) . READINGS: to .00005 inch (0.001 mm) by vernier

THE GAERTNER SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION1204 Wrightwood Ave. Chicago U.S.A.

Klett made ...Glass Absorption Cells

Fused under high temperature with acid, alkali and othersolvent resisting cement. Optical flat walls. Many stock sizes.

Special requirements made to order.Sole manufacturer In the UnitedStates of fused Electrophoresis cells

Makers of complete Electrophoresis Apparatus

Klett Manufacturing Co.179 East 87th Street, New York, New York

I

rn-li.

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, NO. 249612

Page 7: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

OCOE30 192SINEAVETSMNS1

(THE BECKMAN

QUARTZ SPECTROPHOTOMETER]Features Many Unique and Far-Reaching AdvancementsThis precision instrument-the product of several years intensive develop-ment by the Beckman research staff-incorporates many important advance-ments in the design of spectrophotometric equipment, such as:

the finest type of crystal quartz monochromator which covers thefull spectral range of interest in spectrophotometry--200 milli-microns in the ultraviolet to 2000 millimicrons in the infrared.

. . . precision optical parts completely protected from dust and fumes.

* . . extra long (100 cm) easily-read Wavelength Scale.* . . direct readings in both % Transmission and Density-simultane-

ously.. . . continuously adjustable Slit Mechanism to fit every possible

requirement.

. . . full scale readings with nominal band widths 2 millimicrons or lessover most of spectral range.

. . . stray light effects less than 1/10% over most of the spectral range.

The Beckman Spectrophotometer is entirely self-contained, with a uniqueelectronic circuit for rapid measurement of % Transmission and Density.The remarkable versatility of the instrument enables it to meet the widelyvarying requirements of research and control work with no sacrifice inaccuracy or convenience.

WILL| lCORPORATION, ROCHESTER, NEW YORKOffices and Warehouses

BUFFALO APPARATUS CORP., Buffalo, N. Y. * WILL CORPORATION, 596 Broadway, New York City

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTSOCTOBER 30 1942 13

Page 8: Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSIOCTOBER 30, 1942 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 7 Announcing! ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITSI By ALAN M. BATEMAN Professor of Economic Geology, Yale University

14I

Itel*10,1 1

$

As a leader in the development of themodern Microtome, Spencer is interest-ed in furthering the effectiveness of itsuse. Extensive research has resulted -ina new booklet by Oscar W. Richards,.Ph. D., Research Biologist of the Spen-cer Lens Company. *We believe that this.information will be helpful to all usersof Microtomes.

*4 copy will be mailedupon rcscipt of 25 csatsin coin or Stamps.

Spencer LENS COMPANYBUFFALO, NEW YORK

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT DIVISION OFAMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY

SCIENCE,~ADVERTISEMENTS14 VOL. 96 No. 2496


Recommended