Transcript
Page 1: All genuine learning comes through experience. - John Dewey

All genuine learning comes through experience.

- John Dewey

Page 2: All genuine learning comes through experience. - John Dewey

...most introductory courses rely on “transmission-of-information” lectures and “cookbook” laboratory exercises - techniques that are not highly effective in fostering conceptual understanding or scientific reasoning. There is mounting evidence that supplementing or replacing lectures with active learning strategies and engaging students in discovery and scientific process improves learning and knowledge retention.

- Handelsman et al., 2004, "Scientific Teaching," Science.

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Teaching, by nature, is an Teaching, by nature, is an egocentric profession…we find it egocentric profession…we find it difficult to see when our teaching difficult to see when our teaching isn’t clear or adequate. We don’t isn’t clear or adequate. We don’t

easily imagine how what is so easily imagine how what is so obvious and important to us obvious and important to us

cannotcannot be equally so to novices. be equally so to novices. Grant Wiggins

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Learning without thought is labor lost.

What I hear, I forget.What I see, I remember.What I do, I understand.

- Chinese proverb

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Teaching should be scholarly. Every instructor's teaching should reflect what is currently known about teaching and learning. There is a constantly growing body of research on teaching and learning. To ignore this in one's teaching is no more acceptable than ignoring the advances in the content areas we teach. Furthermore, every instructor should be able to articulate and provide evidence for why he or she teaches in a particular way. It should not be based on vague general impressions about what constitutes good or effective teaching.

- Donald P. French, Professor of Zoology, Oklahoma State University; President, Society for College Science Teachers

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It must be more important to be skilled in thinking than to be

stuffed with facts.E. de Bono, 1967

The Five Day Course in Thinking

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More often than not, educators play dominant roles because of the belief that they possess some body of knowledge and are responsible for bestowing it on students. Students are subordinated because what they think is not part of the process. They are automatically cast in the role of receivers, rather than constructors, of knowledge.

Marcia Baxter MagoldaKnowing and Reasoning in College

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Do we teach biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics or do we teach young people to cope with their own world?

Gerard FourezSocial Studies of Science, 1997

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One of the greatest misconceptions on the part of many students is their belief that a subject consists of large amounts of factual knowledge and, to become the expert, all one needs to do is to add this knowledge to one’s existing store.H. Fry et al., 1999, Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

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Instruction begins when you, the teacher, learn from the learner; put yourself in his place so that you may understand . .. . . . . . . . . . . what he learns and the way he understands it.

Sǿren Kierkegaard

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If your method reaches only the attentive student, then you must either invent new methods or call

yourself a failure.

Reynolds Price

Feasting of the Heart

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Learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching

- Science for All Americans (AAAS, 1989)

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My own frustrations as a My own frustrations as a teacher were greatly reduced teacher were greatly reduced years ago, when I accepted that years ago, when I accepted that my job was to teach the my job was to teach the students who were sitting in my students who were sitting in my class, not those I wished were class, not those I wished were sitting there.sitting there.

Terry Doyle, Helping Students Learn in a Learner-Centered Environment

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It’s not that professors don’t care about teaching, but that they don’t know what they’re doing. Literally. The rich irony of professors ignoring solid academic research about teaching is momentarily amusing, but ultimately frustrating.

Derek Bok, Past-President, Harvard University

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…the mastery of any particular body of scientific knowledge is an unwieldy and unsatisfactory educational goal. More promising is the concept of science education as promoting a way of thinking. D. Kuhn, 1993 Science Education

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How students approach general education (and how the faculty actually deliver the curriculum) is far more important than the formal curricular content and structure

- A.W. Astin, 1993

What Matters in College: Four Critical Years Revisited

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A professor is one who A professor is one who talks in someone else's talks in someone else's sleepsleep

-- W.H. Auden.

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…learners construct understanding. They do not simply mirror and reflect what they are told or what they read. Learners look for meaning and will try to find regularity and order in the events of the world, even in the absence of full or complete information.E. von Glasserfield, 1984The Invented Reality: How Do We Know What We Believe We Know?

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The most important single factor influencing learning is

what the learner already knows.

D.B. Ausubel, 1978Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View

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A college’s purpose is not to transfer knowledge but to create environments and experiences that bring students to discover and construct knowledge for themselves, to make students members of communities of learners that make discoveries and solve problems

R.B. Barr and J. Tagg, 1995From Teaching to Learning—A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education

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Any educational efforts may be said to be UNSUCCESSFUL to the extent that student achievement is normallydistributed. Benjamin Bloom

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I have been much struck by the paralysis of thought induced in pupils by the aimless accumulation of precise knowledge, inert and unutilized…The details of knowledge which are important will be picked up ad hoc in each avocation of life, but the habit of active utilization of well understood principles is the final possession of wisdom.

A.N. Whitehead, 1929The Aims of Education and Other Essays

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It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that

just ain't so.

- Mark Twain

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The material of thinking is not thought, but actions, facts, events, and the relations of things. In other words, to think effectively one must have had, or now have, experiences which will furnish him resources for coping with the difficulty at hand.

John Dewey Democracy and Education, 1916

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I will… register here the skeptical view that the history of everything, once over lightly, does not teach the history of anything, nor what historical processes are.

Rudolph WeingartnerUndergraduate Education

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It is in fact nothing short of a miracle that the modern methods of instruction have not yet entirely strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry; for this delicate little plant, aside from stimulation,stands mainly in need of freedom; without this it goes to wrack and ruin without fail

- Albert Einstein

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There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and

which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance-that

principle is contempt prior to investigation.

--- Bill Wilson

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It is the sole purpose of the university professor to induce

people to think.

- J.B.S. Haldane, 1924, Daedalus

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There is a risk that teaching might begin to look like an impossible task once we begin to recognize that we have to deal with students at different levels of intellectual development and with different behavioral characteristics, which affect both the way they learn and their attitude to learning… The situation is as it is; the better we recognize and understand it, the better chance we have of teaching effectively.

P.D. Bailey and J. Garratt, 2002University Chemical Education

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Teaching is the greatest act of optimism.

- Colleen Wilcox

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Like the students who bring prior knowledge to our courses in the form of misconceptions about [our discipline], we as instructors must face up to the common pedagogical misconception that students will learn effectively only what we tell them in class. Like our students, we must allow ourselves to undergo conceptual change, based on evidence for the greater learning effectiveness of active engagement over passive listening in lectures.

Jennifer Knight and William Wood, University of Colorado, 2005, Cell Biology Education

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Typically [public lectures are] like skiing a black-diamond run. It is easy, then slightly more difficult, and then it becomes so terrifyingly difficult that you are just glad to be done with it.

Timothy Ferris, science writer, Berkeley, CASan Francisco Chronicle, March 14, 2007

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Teaching is a lifelong art, that…involves continuous learning not just for the student but for the teachers as well.

Joseph Katz and Mildred HenryTurning Professors into Teachers

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Meaningful approaches to learning are discouraged when lecturers believe that their role is restricted to transferring the accumulated knowledge of their discipline to the minds of their students.

- D. Kember and L. Gow, Journal of Higher Education, 1994.

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Good teachers, like “reflective practitioners” in other professions, constantly test, adjust, and reframe their models of practice on the basis of experience and reflection.

Theodore MarcheseNew Horizons for Learning, 2002

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Teaching is like piloting a train: The instructor is the engineer leading a journey toward deeper understanding. Unfortunately, we often depart the station whether or not our passengers are on board.

Our undergraduate students rarely volunteer for the journeys we plan, share little if any interest or background knowledge in the topic of our trip, and prefer many divergent routes toward understanding our destination.

Jeffrey Weld

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Education is what survives when what has been learned

has been forgotten.

- B.F. Skinner

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The studies…consistently show that the college experience for most students comprises a loosely organized, unfocused curriculum, with undefined outcomes, classes that emphasize passive listening, lectures that transmit low-level information, and assessments of learning that frequently demand only the recall of memorized material or low-level comprehension of concepts. -L.F. Gardiner, 1998

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One of the most harmful effects of lecturing is that the professor removes from students the joy of realizing solutions for themselves. It is through such discovery that lasting understanding is achieved.

Thomas Lord, President Society of College Science Teachers

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The message of scores of studies on student learning is unambiguous: Many students…can reproduce large amounts of factual information on demand…they pass examinations successfully. But they are unable to show that they understand what they have learned. -P. Ramsden, 1988, Improving Learning: New Perspectives

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In making choices about what to teach and how to assess it, clarity about the character of learning we intend for students must be an essential bedrock for what we do.

Theodore Marchese

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The more we make the achievement of a specific goal the ultimate reason for learning, the less likely we are to allow learners to enhance meaning as they proceed.

Raymond Wlodowski & Margery GinsbergDiversity and Motivation: Culturally Responsive Teaching

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A lecture is a process by which the notes of the professor become the

notes of the students without passing through the minds of either.

-R.K. Rathbun

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If college students are encouraged to learn only the facts and details and aren’t required to comprehend the information, they’re left with superficial, nonenduring knowledge. Understanding, not facts, is what education is all about. It’s understanding that’s left after you’ve forgotten all the details.

Thomas Lord, President Society of College Science Teachers

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A teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil

with a desire to learn is hammering on a cold iron.

-Horace Mann

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The banking concept distinguishes two stages in the action of the educator. During the first, he cognizes a cognizable object while he prepares his lessons in his study or his laboratory; during the second, he expounds to his students about that object. The students are not called upon to know, but to memorize the contents narrated by the teacher. Nor do the students practice any act of cognition, since the object towards which the act would be directed is the property of the teacher.

Paolo FreirePedagogy of the Oppressed

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The most formidable enemy of competency is the drive toward

coverage.

Rudolph WeingartnerUndergraduate Education

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I'm sure the reason such young nitwits are produced in our

schools is because they have no contact with anything of any use

in everyday life. - Petronius, ~66 AD

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To state a theorem and then to show examples of it is literally

to teach backwards.

-E. Kim Nebeuts

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What is taught is important but how it is taught makes the difference between a life long learner and grade grubber, between enthusiasm for learning and indifference to it, between and educated student and a credentialed one.

Patricia Cross, 1987The need for classroom research

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Education is what happens to the other person, not what

comes out of the mouth of the educator. - Miles Horton

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Education is one of the few things a person is willing to

pay for and not get.

-William Lowe Bryan

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It dawned on me about two weeks into the first year that it was not teaching that was taking place in

the classroom, but learning.

-Pop star Sting, reflecting uponhis early career as a teacher

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When we come to know something, we have performed an act that is as biological as when we digest something.

- Henry Plotkin

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Effective faculty members understand that students learn

in very different ways.

- Higher Learning Commission, 2003, The Handbook of Accreditation

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The lecturer pumps laboriously into sieves. The water may be wholesome, but it runs through. A mind must work to grow. - C.W. Eliot

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There is very little attention given to the potential impact of thousands of small classroom reforms that might add up to real and substantive change - Patricia Cross

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As you enter a classroom, ask yourself this question: “If there were no students in the classroom, could I do what I am planning to do?” If the answer to the question is yes, don’t do it.

- General Ruben Cubero, Dean of the Faculty United States Air Force Academy

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