Download pptx - Air craft surveillance

Transcript
Page 1: Air craft surveillance

Air Craft Surveillance

byBikas Chandra Sadashiv

ECE – IGNIT

3rd Year

Page 2: Air craft surveillance

Air Craft SurveillanceThrough RADAR

Page 3: Air craft surveillance

• Introduction• RADAR Frequencies• RADAR Applications• Types of RADAR

Topics To Be Covered

Page 4: Air craft surveillance
Page 5: Air craft surveillance

Introduction

• RADAR is stand for Radio Detection And Ranging and was developed prior to World War II.

• Today RADAR is extremely important in civil aviation.

• It is used by ATC to monitor and control numbers of aircrafts in airspace as well as by pilot for weather warning and navigation.

Page 6: Air craft surveillance

Radar Frequencies

• Radar operates on UHF and SHF - Super High Frequency (1 GHz - 30 GHz).

• RADAR systems are in SHF bands because:a) These frequencies are free from disturbance.b) Higher frequency, shorter wavelength,

RADAR more effective.(shorter wavelengths are reflected more efficiently.)

Page 7: Air craft surveillance

RADAR Applications

RADAR has a wide range applications including1. Ground RADAR : extensively used by Air

Traffic Control to separate aircrafts.2. Airborne Weather RADAR: used by pilots. It

provide pilots with information regarding weather ahead.

Page 8: Air craft surveillance

Types of RADAR

(RSR) En-Route

Surveillance

RadarTAR-

Terminal Approach

Radar (PSR &

SSR)

SMR (Surface

Movement Radar)

Classifications of RADAR

Page 9: Air craft surveillance

1) En-Route Surveillance Radar (RSR)

• En-Route Surveillance Radars (RSR) are long range radars which the signal goes to 300 NM.

• It operates with frequency between 1 to 2 GHZ.

• It used for airway surveillance to provide range and bearing of aircraft.

**Surveillance: close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.

Page 10: Air craft surveillance

2) Terminal Approach Radar (TAR)• TAR is a high definition radio detection

device which provides information on identification, air speed, direction and altitude of aircraft to assist air traffic controllers to track the position of aircraft in the air within the vicinity of the airport.

• This radar gives the air traffic controller a better or true picture of all aircraft flying in his control zone.

Page 11: Air craft surveillance

2) Terminal Approach Radar (TAR)

PSR

SSR

Page 12: Air craft surveillance

Working of PSR : • Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) transmits a high

power signal. • When a signal strikes an object or target, some

signal energy is reflected back and is received by the radar receiver.

• RADAR receiver will plot the direction and the distance of the target (aircraft) from the radar station.

• Thus, the ATC could know the position of aircraft. through the RADAR display.

Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)

Page 13: Air craft surveillance

Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)

Antenna

TransmittedPulse

TargetCross

Section

Propagation

ReflectedPulse

(“echo”)

Radar observable:• Target range• Target angles (azimuth & elevation)• Target size (radar cross section)• Target speed (Doppler)

Page 14: Air craft surveillance

Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)

Working of SSR :• Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)

transmits an interrogation signal which is received by the target aircraft.

• The aircraft transponder sends back a coded reply to the ground radar equipment.

• From the coded signal, information of the aircraft’s call sign, altitude, speed and destination.

• SSR requires an aircraft to be fitted with transmitter/receiver called as transponder.

Page 15: Air craft surveillance

How SSR Works?

• The ground secondary radar transmits 1030MHz signal.• The aircraft radar receives on 1030MHz and transmits back

0n 1090MHz.• The transponder reply is more powerful than the reflected

radar signal allowing for far greater range. (250nm).

Page 16: Air craft surveillance

3) Surface Movement Radar (SMR)

• SMR installed at airport (at top of ATC tower building) to provide a very accurate radar display in all weathers and conditions of visibility. (operate with frequency 18-40Ghz)

• SMR radar display can show all of airfield infrastructure including aircraft movements on runway, taxiway and apron.

• It is designed to provide clear display of all aircraft on runway or taxiway so that ATC can ensure runway are clear for take-off/landing and also guide aircraft to apron in order.

Page 17: Air craft surveillance

3) Surface Movement Radar (SMR)

Page 18: Air craft surveillance

RADARS USED IN ATC

• Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)• Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR)• Airport Surface movement Detection

Equipment (ASDE)/Advanced Surface Movement Guidance & Control System (ASMGCS)

• Precision Approach Radar (PAR)• Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance Radar

(MSSR)