Download ppt - 4 Drawing Instruments and Technical Sketching Chapter

4Drawing Instruments

and Technical Sketching

Chapter

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Multiview Drawing• Multiview drawing contains enough views of structure

to represent its true size and shape from all sides

• All structures can be viewed from six basic sides– Six sides: above, below, front, back, left side, right

side



Multiview Drawing



Orthographic Projection• Orthographic projection is the most basic drafting

technique.

• Orthographic projection is a means of representing the height, width, and depth of a three-dimensional object on two-dimensional paper.

• Orthographic projection shows structure at true size and shape using top, front, and right side view.



Three Principal Views• The three principal views in orthographic projection

are the top, front, and right side views.

• In architectural drafting, the views are similar but have different names.– The top view of a house is called a plan view; used

as the basis for most other drawings.



Three Principal Views– The floor plan is a top view in section taken about

half way up the wall.

– The front elevation in architectural drafting is the same as the front view in mechanical drafting.

– Architectural drafters ordinarily draw a view of each side of the structure, which are called elevations.



Plan Views• Top view of a structure is the plan view

– Basis for most other views in set of working drawings

• Floor plan is frame of reference for all other views– It is a horizontal section view



Plan Views



Floor Plan



Elevations• Architectural drafters ordinarily draw a view of each

side of the structure

• Elevations are named according to directional relationship to the site or simply front, rear, left, and right elevations



How Elevations are Projected



Lines Used in Architectural Drawing

• The alphabet of lines– Border lines– Object lines– Hidden line– Centerline– Dimension line– Long break line– Short break line

– Cutting-plane line– Section line– Guidelines– Construction line– Leaders – Extension line



Alphabet of Lines



Alphabet of Lines



Line Type Application



Letter Size• Most lettering should be 1/8" or 3/32 " high• Use only capital letters• Titles are lettered larger with bold underlines